1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 138-2013 (RA 2016)(Reaffirmation of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 138-2013)Method of Testing forRating Ceiling Panels forSensible Heating andCoolingApproved by ASHRAE on November 30, 2016, and by the American National Standards Institute on November 30, 2016.ASHRAE Standards are schedule
2、d to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the Standard number is the year ofASHRAE approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org)or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersa
3、shrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprintpermission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2016 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard
4、 developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is definedby the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as“substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the c
5、oncurrence of more than a simple majority,but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory thr
6、ough legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice
7、-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should
8、be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and
9、 Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systemstested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or G
10、uidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelineswill be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes
11、, bysuggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformanceto them i
12、s completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standards Project Committee 138Cognizant TC: 6.5, Radiant and In-Space Convective Hea
13、ting and CoolingSPLS Liaison: Roger L. HedrickLawrence V. Drake, Chair* Helmut E. Fuestel Daniel TwaMark Y. Ackerman* Jaap Hogeling Preston M. TwaRobert Bean Birol I. Kilkis* Richard D. Watson*Kirby Chapman Michael P. ORourke*Tylan H. Draper William Shelley* Denotes members of voting status when the
14、 document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20162017Rita M. Harrold, Chair Michael W. Gallagher Cyrus H. NasseriSteven J. Emmerich, Vice-Chair Walter T. Grondzik David RobinJames D. Aswegan Vinod P. Gupta Peter SimmondsNiels Bidstrup Susanna S. Hanson Dennis A. StankeDonald M. B
15、rundage Roger L. Hedrick Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Drury B. Crawley Rick M. Heiden Jack H. ZarourJohn F. Dunlap, Srinivas Katipamula William F. Walter, BOD ExOJames W. Earley, Jr. Cesar L. Lim Patricia Graef, COKeith I. Emerson Arsen K. MelikovJulie M. Ferguson R. Lee Millies, Jr.Stephanie C. Reinich
16、e, Senior Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 138-2013 (RA 2016),Method of Testing for Rating
17、 Ceiling Panels forSensible Heating and CoolingSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Units of Measurement 24 Symbols 35 Definitions. 56 Instruments and Measuring Standards. 57 Standard Test Setup and the Equipment . 68 Method of Conducting a Standard Test 109 Processing Test Data . 1210 Acc
18、eptance Criteria for the Standard Test 1311 Reporting Standard Test Results 1312 References . 15Normative Annex AAdjustment of Panel Heat Flux.16Normative Annex BLine Fitting by the Method of Least Squares17Informative Annex CUncertainty Analysis of Panel Heat Flux 18Informative Annex DCalculating t
19、he Approximate Thermal Efficiency of the Test Panel19Informative Annex EProvisions for Electric Panels and Calibration of the Test Chamber 20NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2016
20、ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org)
21、. For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 138-2013 (RA 2016)(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain
22、 requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal
23、at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDStandard 138 establishes uniform methods of laboratorytesting for rating the thermal performance of ceiling panelsmanufactured for radiant panel heating and cooling of indoorspaces. This standard covers steady-state testing of ceilingpanels at panel surface temperatures fr
24、om 24C to 65C (75Fto 149F) for nonmetal heat transfer elements in the ceilingpanel or from 24C to 150C (75F to 302F) for metal heattransfer elements in the ceiling panel. Sensible cooling ceilingpanels are tested from 14C to 24C (57F to 75F). This stan-dard provides correction factors with respect t
25、o defined testconditions for the size of the test room, barometric pressure inthe test location, and average air velocity in the vicinity of thetest panels in order to ensure repeatable test results.This is a reaffirmation of Standard 138-2013. This stan-dard was prepared under the auspices of ASHRA
26、E. It may beused in whole or in part by an association or governmentagency with due credit to ASHRAE. Adherence is strictly ona voluntary basis and merely in the interest of obtaining uni-form guidelines throughout the industry. This version of thereaffirmation has no changes. 1. PURPOSEThis standar
27、d establishes uniform methods of laboratorytesting for rating steady-state thermal performance of ceilingpanels used in indoor spaces for sensible heating, sensiblecooling, or both. The objective is to rate ceiling panels underrepeatable conditions. 2. SCOPE2.1 This standard specifies procedures, ap
28、paratus, andinstrumentation for rating thermal performance of ceilingpanels in a specific indoor configuration and thermal condi-tions.2.2 Thermal performance of a ceiling panel is measured interms of heat delivered or heat removed by the ceiling panel asa function of the average fluid temperature o
29、f the heat transfermedium in the ceiling panel and the temperatures character-izing the surrounding indoor space.2.3 This standard covers testing of ceiling panels in the fol-lowing effective panel surface high and low temperaturerange limits: Sensible Heating Ceiling Panels: from 24C to 65C(75F to
30、149F) for nonmetal heat transfer elements inthe ceiling panel or from 24C to 150C (75F to 302F)for metal heat transfer elements in the ceiling panel. Sensible Cooling Ceiling Panels: from 14C to 24C(57F to 75F).2.4 This standard does not cover the following ceiling pan-els:a. Hybrid (combined therma
31、l radiation and forced-convec-tion: load-sharing) ceiling panels.b. Ceiling panels that are embedded into the ceiling, wall,or floor structure.c. Test methods for design, production, or field-testing ofceiling panels.3. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT3.1 System of Units. In this standard, the International Sys
32、-tem of Units (SI) is used. Inch-pound (I-P) units are shownparenthetically. Values shall be based on the National Instituteof Standards and Technology (NIST) values, which, in turn,are based on the fundamental values of the InternationalBureau of Weights and Measures.3.2 Basic Units. The unit of le
33、ngth is meter, designated m(foot or inch, designated ft or in.). The unit of mass is the kilo-gram, designated kg (pound, designated lb), and the unit oftime is second or hour, designated s or h. The unit of tempera-ture is degree Celsius, designated C (degree Fahrenheit, des-ignated F), or kelvin,
34、designated K (degree rankine,designated R). The unit of force is the newton, designated N(pound-force, designated lbf).3.3 Derived Units3.3.1 Velocity and Acceleration. The unit of velocity ism/s (ft/s). The unit of acceleration is m/s2 (ft/s2).3.3.2 Surface Area. The unit of surface area is m2(ft2)
35、.3.3.3 Volume Flow Rate. The unit of volume flow rate iscubic meter (foot) per second, m3/s (ft3/s).3.3.4 Pressure. The unit of pressure is pascal, designatedPa, or kilopascal, kPa (pound-force per square foot, desig-nated lbf/ft2). 3.3.5 Energy, Work, and Power. The unit of energy andwork is joule,
36、 designated J (British thermal unit, designatedBtu). The unit of power is watt, designated W (British thermalunit per hour, designated Btu/h).3.3.6 Heat Flux. The unit of heat flux is W/m2(Btu/hft2).3.3.7 Thermal Resistance. The unit of thermal resistanceis m2K/W (hft2F/Btu).3.3.8 Mass Density. The
37、unit of mass density is kilogramper cubic meter, kg/m3(pound per cubic foot, lb/ft3). 3.3.9 Dynamic Viscosity and Kinematic Viscosity. Theunit of dynamic viscosity is Pas (lbf/fts). The unit of kine-matic viscosity is m2/s (ft2/s).3.3.10 Specific Heat. The unit of specific heat is J/(kgK)(Btu/lbF).
38、ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 138-2013 (RA 2016) 34. SYMBOLSAc= sum of the surface area of the test chamberceiling t
39、hat is not obstructed by the ceilingpanels, m2(ft2)Ace= sum of the surface area of the test chamberceiling that is directly exposed to thermallyeffective surfaces of ceiling panels (if ceilingpanels are detached from the ceiling surface),m2(ft2)Ae= interior surface area of the simulated exteriorwall
40、 of the test chamber, m2(ft2)Ap= sum of the thermally effective panel surfacearea of a test panel (projected surface areashall be used if the surface is heat transferaugmented, such as with fins or corrugation),m2(ft2)Apo= sum of the thermally effective surface area ofa test panel that is directly e
41、xposed to thewalls and the floor of the test chamber, m2(ft2)Ar= sum of the area of the interior surfaces of thetest chamber to which the thermally effectivepanel surfaces are directly exposed, m2(ft2)Atc= net ceiling (floor) surface area of the testchamber (measured from the inside of the testchamb
42、er), m2(ft2)AUST = area-weighted average temperature of theinterior surfaces of the test chamber to whichthe thermally effective surfaces of ceilingpanels are exposed (Equation 7), C (F)Che= characteristic performance coefficient of theceiling panel in sensible heating, based on (tm to)(Equation 13)
43、, W/(m2Cnhe) (Btu/hft2Fnhe)Cco= characteristic performance coefficient of theceiling panel in sensible cooling, based on (tm to)(Equation 14), W/(m2Cnco) (Btu/hft2Fnco)Che= characteristic performance coefficient of theceiling panel in sensible heating, based on (tm ta)(Equation 15), W/(m2Cnhe) (Btu/
44、hft2Fnhe)Cco= characteristic performance coefficient of theceiling panel in sensible cooling, based on (tm ta)(Equation 16), W/(m2Cnco) (Btu/hft2Fnco)C”he= characteristic performance coefficient of theceiling panel in sensible heating, based on (tp ta)(Equation 17), W/(m2Cnhe”) (Btu/hft2Fnhe”)C”co=
45、characteristic performance coefficient of theceiling panel in sensible cooling, based on (tp ta)(Equation 18), W/(m2Cnco”), Btu/hft2Fnco”)Cp= specific heat, J/(kgK) (Btu/lbF)d = hydraulic diameter of heat transfer element inthe ceiling panel or control panel, m (ft)De= equivalent diameter describing
46、 the size of aceiling panel (4 surface area/perimeter), m(ft)ep= surface area-weighted average thermalemittance of the thermally effective surfacesof a test panel, dimensionlesser= area-weighted average thermal emittance ofinterior surfaces of the test chamber to whichthe thermally effective surface
47、s of the ceilingpanel are directly exposed, dimensionlessFc= radiation exchange factor, dimensionless Fp-r= radiation angle factor between the activepanel surface(s) and the unconditionedinterior surface(s) of the test chamber,dimensionlessg = gravitational acceleration, 9.81 m/s2(32.18 ft/s2)h = el
48、evation of the test chamber above sea level,m (ft)L = surface plate thickness of the fast-responsecontrol panels that control the interior surfacetemperatures of the test chamber, m (ft)M = heat transfer element spacing in the ceilingpanel, on centers, m (ft)m = number of identical test panelssimult
49、aneously tested in the test chamber,dimensionlessmin = subscript denoting a minimum valuenhe = characteristic performance exponent insensible heating, based on operativetemperature, to(Equation 13), dimensionlessnco = characteristic performance exponent insensible cooling, based on operativetemperature, to(Equation 14), dimensionlessnhe = characteristic performance exponent insensible heating, based on average dry-bulbair temperature, ta(Equation 15
