1、Designation: D7960 17 An American National StandardStandard Specification forUnleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel Containing Non-hydrocarbon Components1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7960; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications forpurchases of a UL102
3、unleaded aviation gasoline test fuelunder contract and is intended solely for use by purchasingagencies for testing purposes.1.2 This specification defines a specific type of aviationgasoline for use as an aviation spark-ignition engine test fuel.It does not include all gasolines satisfactory for re
4、ciprocatingaviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use maypermit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristicsthan is shown by this specification.1.3 The D7960 test fuel defined by this specification maynot exhibit identical performance to those leaded fuels withwhich the exi
5、sting aircraft and ground-based fuel handlingequipment have been designed to operate. Therefore, thesuitability of this fuel for use on any specific aircraft, aircraftengine, or ground-based fuel handling equipment should beevaluated before use on that equipment.1.4 Issuance of this specification do
6、es not constitute ap-proval to operate certificated aircraft with this fuel. Fuels usedin certified engines and aircraft are ultimately approved by thecertifying authority subsequent to formal submission of evi-dence to the authority as part of the certification program forthat aircraft and engine m
7、odel.1.5 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribesthe required properties of unleaded D7960 test fuel at the timeand place of delivery.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standard does no
8、t purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international s
9、tandard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2
10、. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD323 Te
11、st Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products(Reid Method)D357 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of MotorFuels Below 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method;Replaced by D 2700 (Withdrawn 1969)3D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD614 Method of Test for Knock Charac
12、teristics of AviationFuels by the Aviation Method; Replaced by D 2700(Withdrawn 1970)3D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels(Potential Residue Method)D909 Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-IgnitionAviation GasolineD910 Specification for Leaded Aviation GasolinesD1094 Te
13、st Method for Water Reaction of Aviation FuelsD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer Method1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants an
14、d is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.J0.02 on Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation EngineFuels.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published January 2018. Originallyapproved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7960 16. DOI:10.1520/D7960-17.2For referenced ASTM stan
15、dards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A
16、 Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization establ
17、ished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D1948 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of MotorFuels Above 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method;R
18、eplaced by D 2700 (Withdrawn 1968)3D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2392 Test Method for Color of Dyed Aviation GasolinesD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of A
19、viationand Distillate FuelsD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual
20、Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net He
21、at of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (PrecisionMethod)D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-tricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System IcingInhibitors (Eth
22、er Type) in Aviation FuelsD5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-troscopyD5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Phase Transition Method)D6227 Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
23、 Con-taining a Non-hydrocarbon ComponentD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsD7719 Specification for High Aromatic Content UnleadedHydrocarbon Aviation GasolineD7826 Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines andNew Aviation Gasoline AdditivesE29 Practice for Using Sig
24、nificant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Other Documents:MIL-PRF-25017 Lubricity Improver, Fuel Soluble4GOST 101272 Aviation Petrols, Specifications53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 unleaded aviation gasoline, ngasoline intended foruse in aircraft powered by rec
25、iprocating spark ignition engines,where lead is not intentionally added for the purpose ofenhancing octane performance.3.1.1.1 DiscussionPrincipal properties include volatilitylimits, stability, detonation-free performance in the engine forwhich it is intended, and suitability for low temperatureper
26、formance.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 non-hydrocarbon, adjcompound composed of car-bon and hydrogen and one or more of the elements oxygen,nitrogen, and sulfur, and any combination of these elements.3.2.1.1 DiscussionSome examples of non-hydrocarboncomponents that may be
27、used in D7960 aviation gasoline areaniline, t-butyl acetate, 2,6 ditertiarybutyl phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiarybutylphenol.4. General4.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribesthe required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel atthe time and place of delivery.5. Class
28、ification5.1 One grade of unleaded aviation gasoline is described,UL102 aviation gasoline test fuel.NOTE 1The above grade name is based on the fuels motor octane asmeasured by Test Method D2700.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 D7960 test fuel, except as otherwise specified in thisspecification, shall
29、 consist of blends of refined hydrocarbonsderived from crude petroleum, natural gasoline, biomass orblends thereof, with synthetic hydrocarbons or aromatichydrocarbons, or both; with hetero-molecules such as amines,alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters and ethers.6.1.1 See Appendix X1 for a representat
30、ive compositionthat meets the parameters of Table 1.6.2 AdditivesThese may be added to D7960 test fuel in theamount and of the composition specified in the following list ofapproved materials:6.2.1 Other AdditivesThese may be added in the amountand of the composition specified in the following list
31、ofapproved materials. The quantities and types shall be declaredby the manufacturer. Additives added after the point ofmanufacture shall also be declared.6.2.1.1 AntioxidantsThe following oxidation inhibitorsmay be added to the fuel separately, or in combination, in totalconcentration not to exceed
32、12 mg of inhibitor (not includingmass of solvent) per liter of fuel.(1) 2,6-ditertiary butyl-4-methylphenol.(2) 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol.(3) 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol.(4) 75 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol plus 25 %maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary butylphenols.(5) 75 % minimum
33、 di- and tri-isopropyl phenols plus 25 %maximum di- and tri-tertiary butylphenols.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.5Available from Technormativ LLC (Runorm), 19 Shosse Entuziastov
34、, Moscow,111024, Russia, http:/.D7960 172(6) 72 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenolplus 28 % maximum monomethyl and dimethyl tertiary butyl-phenols.(7) N,N-di-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine.(8) N,N-di-secondary-butyl-para-phenylenediamine.6.2.1.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII)One of t
35、hefollowing may be used:(1) Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA, propan-2-ol), in accordancewith the requirements of Specification D4171 (Type II). Maybe used in concentrations recommended by the aircraft manu-facturer when required by the aircraft owner/operator.TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for UL102 Aviation
36、Gasoline Test FuelProperty Test Method Min/Max Test GasolineMotor Octane NumberAASTM D2700 Min 102.5Pb, g/L ASTM D5059 Max 0.013Bdensity 15 C, kg/m3ASTM D1298 or D4052CReport ReportIBP, C ASTM D86 Report Report10 % by volume at C ASTM D86 Max 7540 % by volume at C ASTM D86 Min 7550 % by volume at C
37、ASTM D86 Max 10590 % by volume at C ASTM D86 Max 135Final boiling point, C ASTM D86 Max 210Sum of 10 % and 50 % evaporated, C ASTM D86 Min 135Recovery, % by volume ASTM D86 Min 97Residue, % by volume ASTM D86 Max 1.5Loss, % by volume ASTM D86 Max 1.5Vapor pressure, 38 C, kPa ASTM D323, ASTM D5191CMi
38、nMax38.049.0Freezing Point, CDFreezing Point, C ASTM D2386 REPORTEFreezing Point, C ASTM D5972 REPORTFSulfur, % by mass ASTM D2622 Max 0.05Net Heat of Combustion, MJ/kg ASTM D4809 Min 42Corrosion, copper strip, 2 h at 100 C ASTM D130 Max No. 1Oxidation stability (5 h aging), potential gum, mg/100 mL
39、 ASTM D873 Max 6Existent Gum, mg/100 mL ASTM D381 Max 1Water reaction, volume change, mL ASTM D1094 Max 2Electrical Conductivity, pS/m ASTM D2624 MinMax50G450GAMON is reported without any corrections applied.BLead content is applicable at the point of manufacture and the point of fit for purpose tes
40、ting.CASTM Test Methods D4052 and D5191 will be used as referee methods.DCaution in the use of this fuel and further investigation may be warranted when results are 58 C.EThis is the standard method used for aviation gasolines; its applicability with this new fuel formulation is under evaluation.FTh
41、is method is currently not applicable for aviation gasolines and is under evaluation for applicability.GApplies only when an electrical conductivity additive is used; when a customer specifies fuel containing conductivity additive, the following conductivity limits shall applyunder the condition at
42、point of use:Minimum 50 pS/mMaximum 450 pS/mThe supplier shall report the amount of additive added.D7960 173NOTE 2Addition of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) may reduce knock ratingsbelow minimum specification values.6(2) Di-Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (Di-EGME),7conforming to the requirements of Speci
43、fication D4171 (TypeIII). May be used in concentrations of 0.10 % to 0.15 % byvolume when required by the aircraft owner/operator.6.2.1.3 Corrosion Inhibitor AdditiveCorrosion inhibitorsthat conform to the latest issue of MIL-PRF-25017 may beadded to the D7960 test fuel in amounts not exceeding them
44、aximum allowable concentrations listed in the latest revisionof QPL-25017.7. Detailed Requirements7.1 The D7960 test fuel shall conform to the requirementsprescribed in Table 1.7.2 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be lessthan the minimum values specified in Table 1. No allowanceshall be
45、made for the precision of the test methods. Todetermine the conformance to the specification requirement, atest result may be rounded to the same number of significantfigures as in Table 1 using Practice E29. Where multipledeterminations are made, the average result, rounded accordingto Practice E29
46、, shall be used.8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 The D7960 test fuel specified in this specification shallbe free from undissolved water, sediment, and suspendedmatter. No substances of known dangerous toxicity under usualconditions of handling and use shall be present except aspermitted in
47、 this specification.9. Sampling9.1 Because of the importance of proper sampling proce-dures in establishing fuel quality, use the appropriate proce-dures in Practice D4057 or Practice D4177.9.1.1 Although automatic sampling following PracticeD4177 may be useful in certain situations, initial manufac
48、turer/supplier specification compliance testing shall be performed ona sample taken following procedures in Practice D4057.9.2 A number of D7960 properties, including coppercorrosion, electrical conductivity, and others are very sensitiveto trace contamination which can originate from samplecontaine
49、rs. For recommended sample containers, refer toPractice D4306.10. Reports10.1 The type and number of reports to ensure conformancewith the requirements of this specification shall be mutuallyagreed to by the purchaser and the supplier of the D7960 testfuel.11. Test Methods11.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe determined in accordance with the following ASTM testmethods:11.1.1 Motor Octane NumberTest Method D2700.11.1.2 Tetraethyl LeadTest Method D5059.11.1.3 DensityTest Methods D1298 or D4052.11.1.4 Disti
