1、Specification for Fusion Welding for Aerospace ApplicationsAWS D17.1/D17.1M:2017An American National StandardAWS D17.1/D17.1M:2017An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteJuly 28, 2017Specification for Fusion Welding for Aerospace Applications3rd EditionSupers
2、edes AWS D17.1/D17.1M:2010Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) D17 Committee on Welding in the Aircraft and Aerospace IndustriesUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification provides the general welding requiremen
3、ts for welding aircraft and space hardware. It includes but is not limited to the fusion welding of aluminum-based, nickel-based, iron-based, cobalt-based, magnesium-based, and titanium-based alloys using electric arc and high energy beam processes. There are requirements for welding design, personn
4、el and procedure qualification, inspection, and acceptance criteria for aerospace, support, and non-flight hard-ware. Additional requirements cover repair welding of existing hardware. A commentary for the specification is included.AWS D17.1/D17.1M:2017iiISBN: 978-0-87171-917-1 2017 by American Weld
5、ing SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the cop
6、yright owner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, or educational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropri-ate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Ce
7、nter, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet: .AWS D17.1/D17.1M:2017iiiStatement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American Welding Society (AWS) are
8、voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regu
9、lations of other governmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases,
10、these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standa
11、rds are developed through a consensus standards development process that brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the proc-ess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independent
12、ly test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly o
13、r indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information pub-lished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other
14、 services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining
15、the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It is assumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publication of amend
16、-ments or errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWS standards includ-ing amendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ensure that they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication
17、of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard accept any and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this stan
18、dard.AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests
19、 should be addressed to the American Welding Society, Attention: Managing Director, Standards Development, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex E). With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. These opinions are offered
20、 solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professional advice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unoffic
21、ial opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addi-tion, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D17 Committee on Welding in the Aircraft and Aerospace Industries. It must be reviewed ev
22、ery five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are requested and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consid
23、eration by the AWS D17 Committee on Welding in the Aircraft and Aerospace Industries and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS D17 Committee on Welding in the Aircraft and Aerospace Industries to e
24、xpress their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.AWS D
25、17.1/D17.1M:2017ivThis page is intentionally blank.AWS D17.1/D17.1M:2017vPersonnelAWS D17 Committee on Welding in the Aircraft and Aerospace IndustriesG. W. Coleman, Chair The Boeing CompanyS. H. Murray, Vice Chair NASAKennedy Space CenterB. D. Worley, 2ndVice Chair GE Aircraft EnginesA. Babinski, S
26、ecretary American Welding SocietyJ. T. Amin Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company (retired)R. P. Beil Northrop Grumman CorporationM. Bernasek C-SPECJ. J. Bernath ArconicC. Carl NASAKennedy Space CenterJ. Carruth Lockheed Martin Missiles therefore, each system must be used independently.1.3 Safety. Saf
27、ety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this standard and therefore are not addressed herein.AWS D17.1/D17.1M:20172Safety and health information is available from the following sources:American Welding Society:(1) ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes(2) AWS
28、 Safety and Health Fact Sheets(3) Other safety and health information on the AWS websiteMaterial or Equipment Manufacturers:(1) Safety Data Sheets supplied by materials manufacturers(2) Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturersApplicable Regulatory AgenciesWork performed in accordance wi
29、th this standard may involve the use of materials that have been deemed hazardous, and may involve operations or equipment that may cause injury or death. This standard does not purport to address all safety and health risks that may be encountered. The user of this standard should establish an appr
30、opriate safety program to address such risks as well as to meet applicable regulatory requirements. ANSI Z49.1 should be considered when developing the safety program.1.4 Classification. All welds produced in accordance with this specification shall be classified on the engineering drawings or contr
31、act. Weld classifications shall be as follows: Class A, Class B, or Class C. These classifications refer to the level of inspection required and to the applicable acceptance criteria. Alternate acceptance criteria and inspection methods shall be applied if specified on the engineering drawing. A wel
32、d joint may be zoned with multiple classifications.1.4.1 Procedure Qualification Criteria. The Engineering Authority shall determine the welding procedure qualification requirements for all classifications in accordance with Clause 5 (see Annex FCommentary). Alternate procedure qualification accepta
33、nce criteria may be used when specified on the engineering drawing.1.5 Approval. All references to the need for approval shall be interpreted to mean approval by the Customer or the Engineering Authority.1.6 Mandatory Provisions and Authority. Nothing in this specification supersedes applicable laws
34、 and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained prior to the contract date or as a contract amendment.1.6.1 Mandatory Provisions. Most provisions of this specification are mandatory when the use of this specification is invoked. Certain provisions are optional and apply only when spec
35、ified in contractual documents for a specific project. Guidance information is indicated by the words “should” or “may.”1.6.2 Drawing Authority. When requirements in this specification conflict with those on the engineering drawing, the requirements on the engineering drawing shall take precedence.1
36、.6.3 Specification Authority. In the event of a conflict between the text of this specification and the references cited herein, the text of this specification takes precedence.2. Normative ReferencesThe documents listed below are referenced within this publication and are mandatory to the extent sp
37、ecified herein. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced standard shall apply. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply.2.1 Government DocumentsFederal and Military Specifications, Standards, and Handbooks:Code of Fed
38、eral Regulations, Title 14, Aeronautics and Space.2.2 Nongovernment DocumentsAmerican Welding Society (AWS) documents:AWS A2.4, Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination;AWS A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing,
39、Soldering, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying;AWS D17.1/D17.1M:20173AWS B2.1/B2.1M, Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification;AWS B4.0, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds;AWS B5.2, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Inspectors Specialists and Weld
40、ing Inspector Assistants;AWS QC1, Standard for AWS Certification of Welding InspectorsAerospace Industries Association (AIA) document:NAS 410, NAS Certification ASTM E1417M, Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing;ASTM E1444M, Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing;ASTM E1742M, Stand
41、ard Practice for Radiographic Examination;ASTM E29, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications.3. Terms and DefinitionsAWS A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, provides the basis for terms and definitions used herein. Howev
42、er, the following terms and definitions are included below to accommodate usage specific to this document. Refer to Annex I for a list of commonly used acronyms in this standard.aerospace flight hardware. Any portion of a flight vehicle (e.g., aircraft, missile, spacecraft) or its plex weld joint. A
43、 continuous weld joint with variations in section thickness and tapered transitions that may require changes in welding position or direction, weld deposition rates, and heat inputs during the execution of a weld. A complex weld joint cannot be defined on the engineering drawing by a single welding
44、symbol.critical structure. A structure or component in which a single failure would cause significant danger to personnel, loss of system, loss of major component, loss of control, unintentional release of critical stores, inability to release arma-ment stores, result in an operating penalty or loss
45、 of the aerospace system, or abortion of the mission.customer. The individual or organization which established the mission or design requirements of a product and provides some form of compensation for the delivery of the product. The product could be an engineering design, a structure, a system, o
46、r a weldment.Engineering Authority. The Engineering Authority is the contracting agency or corporate organization that acts for and on behalf of the customer on all matters within the scope of this standard. The Engineering Authority has the respon-sibility for the structural integrity or maintenanc
47、e of airworthiness of the hardware and compliance with all contract documents.fabricator. The organization responsible for producing weldments that satisfy the design and contract requirements.fail safe. A part is defined as fail safe if it can be shown by analysis or test that, due to structural re
48、dundancy, the structure remaining after failure of the one part can sustain the new limit loads with an ultimate factor of safety equal to or greater than 1.0, and the remaining structure has sufficient fatigue life to complete the mission.filler alloy type. A recognized designation of a nominal all
49、oy composition from a recognized industry organization (examples AA4043, ER321, Ti-6Al-4V).fracture critical. A part which, by fracture mechanics analysis, has a service life factor of less than an engineering-defined factor times the vehicle life cycle requirements and failure of which would cause loss of the mission, vehicle, or crew. Also, a part that is a pressure vessel or a rotating machinery component.AWS D17.1/D17.1M:20174Material Review Board (MRB). A customer or Engineering Authority activity to review and formally disposition non-conforming hardware.
