1、 ANSI/ESD S20.20-2007 Revision of ANSI/ESD S20.20-1999 For the Development of an Electrostatic Discharge Control Program for Protection of Electrical and Electronic Parts, Assemblies and Equipment (Excluding Electrically Initiated Explosive Devices) Electrostatic Discharge Association 7900 Turin Roa
2、d, Bldg. 3 Rome, NY 13440 An American National Standard Approved March 1, 2007 ANSI/ESD S20.20-2007 ESD Association Standard for the Development of an Electrostatic Discharge Control Program for Protection of Electrical and Electronic Parts, Assemblies and Equipment (Excluding Electrically Initiated
3、 Explosive Devices) Approved February 11, 2007 ESD Association ANSI/ESD S20.20-2007 Electrostatic Discharge Association (ESDA) standards and publications are designed to serve the public interest by eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating the interchangeabili
4、ty and improvement of products and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining the proper product for his particular needs. The existence of such standards and publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or non-member of the Association from manufacturing or selling products not
5、 conforming to such standards and publications. Nor shall the fact that a standard or publication is published by the Association preclude its voluntary use by non-members of the Association whether the document is to be used either domestically or internationally. Recommended standards and publicat
6、ions are adopted by the ESDA in accordance with the ANSI Patent policy. Interpretation of ESDA Standards: The interpretation of standards in-so-far as it may relate to a specific product or manufacturer is a proper matter for the individual company concerned and cannot be undertaken by any person ac
7、ting for the ESDA. The ESDA Standards Chairman may make comments limited to an explanation or clarification of the technical language or provisions in a standard, but not related to its application to specific products and manufacturers. No other person is authorized to comment on behalf of the ESDA
8、 on any ESDA Standard. THE CONTENTS OF ESDAS STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS ARE PROVIDED “AS-IS,” AND ESDA MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF ANY KIND WITH RESPECT TO SUCH CONTENTS. ESDA DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF
9、 MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. DISCLAIMER OF GUARANTY: ESDA STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS ARE CONSIDERED TECHNICALLY SOUND AT THE TIME THEY ARE APPROVED FOR PUBLICATION. THEY ARE NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR A PRODUCT SELLERS OR USERS OWN JUDGMENT WITH RESP
10、ECT TO ANY PARTICULAR PRODUCT DISCUSSED, AND ESDA DOES NOT UNDERTAKE TO GUARANTY THE PERFORMANCE OF ANY INDIVIDUAL MANUFACTURERS PRODUCTS BY VIRTUE OF SUCH STANDARDS OR PUBLICATIONS. THUS, ESDA EXPRESSLY DISCLIAMS ANY RESPONSIBILITY FOR DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE USE, APPLICATION, OR RELIANCE BY OTHER
11、S ON THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THESE STANDARDS OR PUBLICATIONS. LIMITATION ON ESDAS LIABILITY: NEITHER ESDA, NOR ITS MEMBERS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES OR OTHER REPRESENTATIVES WILL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR MISUSE OF ESDA STANDARDS OR PUBLICATIONS, EVEN IF A
12、DVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. THIS IS A COMPREHENSIVE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY THAT APPLIES TO ALL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOSS OF DATA, INCOME OR PROFIT, LOSS OF OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY AND CLAIMS OF THIRD PARTIES. Published by: Electrostatic Discharge Association 7900
13、Turin Road, Bldg. 3 Rome, NY 13440 Copyright 2007 by ESD Association All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-5
14、8537-121-1DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES CAUTION NOTICE ANSI/ESD S20.20-2007 i (This foreword is not part of ANSI/ESD S20.20-2007) FOREWORD This standard covers the requirements necessary to design, establish, implement and maintain an Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Control Program for activities that manu
15、facture, process, assemble, install, package, label, service, test, inspect or otherwise handle electrical or electronic parts, assemblies and equipment susceptible to damage by electrostatic discharges greater than or equal to 100 volts Human Body Model (HBM). This document covers the ESD Control P
16、rogram requirements and offers guidance for setting up a program to handle ESD sensitive (ESDS) items, based on the historical experience of both military and commercial organizations. References include ESD Association, U.S. Military and ANSI approved standards for material properties and test meth
17、ods. The fundamental ESD control principles that form the basis of this document are: A. All conductors in the environment, including personnel, shall be bonded or electrically connected and attached to a known ground or contrived ground (as on shipboard or on aircraft). This attachment creates an e
18、quipotential balance between all items and personnel. Electrostatic protection can be maintained at a potential above a “zero” voltage ground potential as long as all items in the system are at the same potential. B. Necessary non-conductors in the environment cannot lose their electrostatic charge
19、by attachment to ground. Ionization systems provide neutralization of charges on these necessary non-conductive items (circuit board materials and some device packages are examples of necessary non-conductors). Assessment of the ESD hazard created by electrostatic charges on the necessary non-conduc
20、tors in the work place is required to ensure that appropriate actions are implemented, commensurate with risk to ESDS items. C. Transportation of ESDS items outside an ESD Protected Area (hereafter referred to as “EPA”) requires enclosure in static protective materials, although the type of material
21、 depends on the situation and destination. Inside an EPA, low charging and static dissipative materials may provide adequate protection. Outside an EPA, low charging and static discharge shielding materials are recommended. While these materials are not discussed in the document, it is important to
22、recognize the differences in their application. For more clarification see ANSI/ESD S541. Any relative motion and physical separation of materials or flow of solids, liquids or particle-laden gases can generate electrostatic charges. Common sources of ESD include personnel, items made from common po
23、lymeric materials, and processing equipment. ESD damage can occur when: i. A charged object comes into contact with an ESDS device, or ii. An ESDS device is grounded while exposed to an electrostatic field. Examples of ESDS parts are microcircuits, discrete semiconductors, thick and thin film resist
24、ors, hybrid devices, printed circuit boards and piezoelectric crystals. It is possible to determine device and item susceptibility by exposing the device to simulated ESD events. The level of sensitivity, determined by testing using simulated ESD events, may not necessarily relate to the level of se
25、nsitivity in a real life situation. However, they are used to establish a baseline of susceptibility data for comparison of devices with equivalent part numbers from different manufacturers. Three different models are used for characterization of electronic components: HBM, Machine Model (MM), and C
26、harged Device Model (CDM). ANSI/ESD S20.20-2007 ii This document was originally designated ANSI/ESD S20.20-1999 and approved on August 4, 1999. ANSI/ESD S20.20-1999 was prepared by the 20.20 Mil-Std 1686 Conversion Committee. ANSI/ESD S20.20-2007 is a revision of ANSI/ESD S20.20-1999 and was prepare
27、d by the S20.20 Writing Team, which consists of the following members: Ron Gibson Celestica Steve Gerken USAF John T. Kinnear Jr. IBM The following individuals made significant contributions to this document: Jeremy Smallwood Electrostatic Solutions Ltd. Reinhold Gaertner Infineon Technologies At th
28、e time the S20.20-1999 version was prepared, the 20.20 Mil-Std 1686 Conversion Committee had the following members: Steve Gerken, Co-Chairman USAF Dave Leeson, Co-Chairman Motorola SSTG David E. Swenson 3M Anthony Klinowski Boeing Garry McGuire NASA (Hernandez Engineering) Ron Gibson Celestica Thoma
29、s Mohler Raytheon Systems CorporationThe following individuals made significant contributions to this document: Ronald L. Johnson Intel Robert Parr Consultant Joel Weidendorf Consultant Donald E. Cross USN Sheryl Zayic Boeing Robert Cummings NASA Jeffrey Scanlon ASC John T. Kinnear Jr. IBM Ralph Mye
30、rs ASC ANSI/ESD S20.20-2007 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 PURPOSE . 1 2.0 SCOPE 1 3.0 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS 1 4.0 DEFINITIONS 2 5.0 PERSONNEL SAFETY. 2 6.0 ESD CONTROL PROGRAM 2 6.1 ESD CONTROL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS 2 6.2 ESD CONTROL PROGRAM MANAGER OR COORDINATOR. 2 6.3 TAILORING 2 7.0 ESD CONTROL PRO
31、GRAM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS 2 7.1 ESD CONTROL PROGRAM PLAN 2 7.2 TRAINING PLAN. 3 7.3 COMPLIANCE VERIFICATION PLAN 3 8.0 ESD CONTROL PROGRAM PLAN TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS . 3 8.1 GROUNDING / EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING SYSTEMS . 3 8.2 PERSONNEL GROUNDING 4 8.3 ESD PROTECTED AREAS (EPAS) 5 8.4 PACKAGING
32、 7 8.5 MARKING 7 ANNEX A ADDITIONAL PROCESS CONSIDERATIONS . 8 ANNEX B ESD SENSITIVITY TESTING . 9 ANNEX C RELATED DOCUMENTS. 12 TABLES Table 1. Grounding / Equipotential Bonding Requirements. 4 Table 2. Personnel Grounding Requirement 4 Table 3. EPA ESD Control Items 6 Table 4. ESD Susceptibility T
33、est References for Devices . 10 Table 5. ESD Susceptibility Test References for Assemblies and Equipment 11 ESD Association Standard ANSI/ESD S20.20-2007 1 ESD Association Standard for the Development of an Electrostatic Discharge Control Program for Protection of Electrical and Electronic Parts, As
34、semblies and Equipment (Excluding Electrically Initiated Explosive Devices) 1.0 PURPOSE The purpose of this standard is to provide administrative and technical requirements for establishing, implementing and maintaining an ESD Control Program (hereafter referred to as the “Program”). 2.0 SCOPE This
35、document applies to activities that manufacture, process, assemble, install, package, label, service, test, inspect, transport or otherwise handle electrical or electronic parts, assemblies and equipment susceptible to damage by electrostatic discharges greater than or equal to 100 volts HBM. Activi
36、ties that handle items that are susceptible to less than 100 volts HBM may require additional control elements or adjusted limits. Processes designed to handle items that have an ESD sensitivity less than 100 volts HBM can still claim compliance to this standard. This document does not apply to elec
37、trically initiated explosive devices, flammable liquids or powders. 3.0 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS Unless otherwise specified, the following documents of the latest issue, revision or amendment form a part of this standard to the extent specified herein: ESD ADV1.0, ESD Associations Glossary of Terms1
38、ANSI/ESD S1.1, Wrist Straps1 ANSI/ESD STM2.1, Garments1ANSI/ESD STM3.1, Ionization1ANSI/ESD SP3.3, Periodic Verification of Air Ionizers1ANSI/ESD S4.1, Worksurfaces Resistance Measurements1ANSI/ESD STM4.2, ESD Protective Worksurfaces Charge Dissipation Characteristics1ANSI/ESD S6.1, Grounding1ANSI/E
39、SD S7.1, Floor Materials Characterization of Materials1ANSI/ESD STM9.1, Footwear Resistive Characterization1ESD SP9.2, Footwear Foot Grounders Resistive Characterization1ANSI/ESD STM97.1, Floor Materials and Footwear Resistance Measurement in Combination with a Person1ANSI/ESD STM97.2, Floor Materia
40、ls and Footwear Voltage Measurement in Combination with a Person1ESD TR53, Compliance Verification of ESD Protective Equipment and Materials1 ANSI/ESD STM12.1, Seating Resistive Measurement1ANSI/ESD S541, Packaging Materials for ESD Sensitive Items1 1ESD Association, 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3, Ste. 2
41、, Rome, NY 13440-2069, 315-339-6937 ANSI/ESD S20.20-2007 2 4.0 DEFINITIONS The terms used in the body of this document are in accordance with the definitions found in ESD ADV1.0, ESD Associations Glossary of Terms. 5.0 PERSONNEL SAFETY The procedures and equipment described in this document may expo
42、se personnel to hazardous electrical conditions. Users of this document are responsible for selecting equipment that complies with applicable laws, regulatory codes and both external and internal policy. Users are cautioned that this document cannot replace or supersede any requirements for personne
43、l safety. Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) and other safety protection should be considered wherever personnel might come into contact with electrical sources. Electrical hazard reduction practices should be exercised and proper grounding instructions for equipment shall be followed. 6.0 ESD
44、 CONTROL PROGRAM 6.1 ESD Control Program Requirements The Program shall include both administrative and technical requirements as described herein. The most sensitive level of the items to be handled, in accordance with the Program, shall be documented. The Organization shall establish, document, im
45、plement, maintain and verify the compliance of the Program in accordance with the requirements of this document. 6.2 ESD Control Program Manager or Coordinator An ESD Control Program Manager or Coordinator shall be assigned by the Organization to verify the compliance of the Program in accordance wi
46、th the requirements of this document. 6.3 Tailoring This document, or portions thereof, may not apply to all applications. Tailoring is accomplished by evaluating the applicability of each requirement for the specific application. Upon completion of the evaluation, requirements may be added, modifie
47、d or deleted. Tailoring decisions, including rationale and technical justifications, shall be documented in the ESD Control Program Plan. 7.0 ESD CONTROL PROGRAM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS 7.1 ESD Control Program Plan The Organization shall prepare an ESD Control Program Plan that addresses each of
48、 the requirements of the Program. Those requirements include: Training Compliance Verification Grounding / Equipotential Bonding Systems Personnel Grounding EPA Requirements Packaging Systems MarkingANSI/ESD S20.20-2007 3 The ESD Control Program Plan is the principal document for implementing and ve
49、rifying the Program. The goal is a fully implemented and integrated Program that conforms to internal quality system requirements. The ESD Control Program Plan shall apply to all applicable facets of the Organizations work. 7.2 Training Plan Initial and recurrent ESD awareness and prevention training shall be provided to all personnel who handle or otherwise come into contact with any ESDS items. Initial training shall be provided before personnel handle ESDS items. The type and frequency of ESD training for personnel shall be defined in th
