1、IES DG-18-08Light + Design A Guide to Designing Quality Lighting for People and BuildingsLight + Design Cover Photo Credits: Top Bismarck Airport, Bismarck, ND Architect: Tvenge Associates Engineers Viteig Lighting Litecontrol Photography: Charles Mayer Photography Center left - Rion Antiron Bridge
2、in Greece Architect: Berdj Mikaelian Lighting design: Roger Narboni, CONCEPTO studio, France Photo copyright: CONCEPTO Center right Minneapolis Convention Center Lighting design: Schuler Shook Bottom The Orange County Performing Arts Center Lighting Design: Ross De Alessi Light + Design A Guide to D
3、esigning Quality Lighting for People and Buildings Quality of the Visual Environment Committee, Illuminating Engineering Society of North AmericaCopyright 2008 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. Approved by the IES Board of Directors, November 9, 2008, as a Transaction of the
4、Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in any electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the IES. Published by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 Wal
5、l Street, New York, New York 10005. IES Standards and Guides are developed through committee consensus and produced by the IES Office in New York. Careful attention is given to style and accuracy. If any errors are noted in this document, please forward them to Rita Harrold, Director of Technology,
6、at the above address for verification and correction. The IES welcomes and urges feedback and comments. ISBN # 978-0-87995-231-0Printed in the United States of America. DISCLAIMER IES publications are developed through the consensus standards development process approved by the American National Sta
7、ndards Institute. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on lighting recommendations. While the IES administers the process and establishes policies and procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it makes no guar
8、anty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. The IES disclaims liability for any injury to persons or property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the pu
9、blication, use of, or reliance on this document In issuing and making this document available, the IES is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the IES undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. An
10、yone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. The IES has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the
11、 contents of this document. Nor does the IES list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the IES and is solely the responsibility
12、 of the certifier or maker of the statement.LIGhT + DESIGN: A GuIDE TO DESIGNING QuALITY LIGhTING FOR PEOPLE AND BuILDINGS Quality of the Visual Environment Committee, Illuminating Engineering Society of North America Committee Members:Chair: Carol JonesVice Chair: Leslie NorthSecretary: Veda Clark
13、Subcommittee SC-1: Design GuideChair: Peter NgaiCo Chair: Naomi MillerMembers: Veda ClarkDawn DeGrazioCarol Joneshayden McKayLeslie NorthYukiko YoshidaFull Voting Members Bob Davis Veda Clark Dawn DeGrazio Delores Ginthner Kevin houser Carol Jones Lorence Leetzow Terry McGowan hayden McKay Naomi Mil
14、ler Guy Newsham Peter Ngai Leslie North Yukiko Yoshida Advisory Members John An Craig Bernecker Peter Boyce Wilson Dau Michelle Eble-hankins Peter hugh R. Gerald Irvine JoAnne Lindsley Martin Moeck Michael Phillips Christopher Samuelson Dyoni Smith Martyn Timmings Radosveta Topalova Jennifer Veitch
15、Willard Warren Clarence Waters The QVE Committee would like to gratefully acknowledge Naomi Miller, FIES, FIALD, for her generous contribution of the original manuscript for light + design. We are indebted to her for her gift, which inspired many of us to rise to the task at hand and made it possibl
16、e to complete this document. The QVE Committee also acknowledges Craig DiLouie as this guides editor.TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD xiii PART ONE: LIGHT + HUMAN NEEDS 1 CHAPTER 1. LIGHT + QUALITY 3 human Needs Served by Lighting 3 Task visibility 3 Task performance 3 Mood and atmosphere 4 Visual comfort
17、 4 Aesthetic judgment 4 Health, safety and well-being 5 Social communication 5 The WhO of Lighting 5 Light + human Needs 6 Light + Economics Photographer: Myunghwan ChoFOREWORD Our relationship to our surroundings is directly related to the quality of the lighted environment. When the light is right
18、, we see more deeply into the world. Quality lighting enhances our ability to see and interpret the world around us, supporting our sense of well-being and improving our capability to communicate with each other. Because lighting is vital for vision, activity and perception, it is critical to provid
19、e a quality lighted environment for people who use lighting systems for work or leisure. LIGhT + DESIGN was developed to introduce architects, lighting designers, design engineers, inte- rior designers and other lighting professionals to the principles of quality lighting design. These principles, r
20、elated to visual performance, energy and economics, and aesthetics, can be applied to a wide range of interior and exterior spaces to aid designers in providing high-quality lighting to their projects. The text is divided into four parts. Part I: Light + human Needs (Chapters 1-5) describes the prin
21、ciples and technical background involved in designing lighting that satisfies vision and visual comfort needs. Part II: Light + Economics an applications guide; and a list of questions that provide a checklist to identify issues critical to your specific project. Appendices, including a glossary and
22、 extensive endnotes, are also provided. LIGhT + DESIGN is illustrated with sketches and photographs to enhance understanding of key principles and provide examples of applications. The illustrations portray many typical applica- tions as well as more glamorous installations. This guide focuses on de
23、sign principles but defines key technical terms and includes technical background in the form of sidebars to aid understanding. Sidebars are identified as “basic” or “ad- vanced” according to the level of explanation and technical knowledge. A glossary provides more rigorous definitions of lighting
24、terms and metrics. In addition, this text references other technical papers and IES publications that can provide additional research background, detail or specific design guidance. These documents, referenced in the endnotes, provide an extensive background of technical lighting knowledge and acces
25、s to the latest research influencing our understanding of light. Quality lighting design distinguishes the designer, provides full value to the client, and sup- ports the design intent. LIGhT + DESIGN will introduce you to the principles and background involved in achieving this level of lighting fo
26、r people and buildings. Carol Jones, Chair, IES QVE Committee Naomi Miller, FIES, FIALD, Vice Chair, Design Guide Task Force SubcommitteePART ONE: LIGHT + HUMAN NEEDS To love beauty is to see light. Victor hugoLIGHT + QUALITY Following the light of the sun, we left the Old World. Christopher Columbu
27、s 1 V ision and light enable us to understand the physical universe. Light is the portal through which the eye, and thereby the human mind, interacts with the world, and is therefore capable of creating worlds of perception. Based on this understanding of light as a medium, the composition of light
28、in a space can inspire a wide range of psychological and even physiological responses in humans. Throughout the ages, people spent most of their time outdoors and relied on sunlight, moonlight, starlight, firelight. During the day, people had little control over the lighting that they were given fro
29、m nature, but it was dynamic. The mov- ing sun continually created subtle changes in the landscape, revealing and obscuring texture and detail through light and shadow, color and brightness. Today, people in industrialized nations spend most of their lives indoors and rely on electric light as their
30、 medium to interpret architectural environments. Electric light enables designers to control the medium, use it for communication, and thereby inspire different perceptions and achieve a range of functional and aesthetic goals. Good lighting provides sufficient illumination for people to see and per
31、form visual tasks; it can also draw attention, influence social interaction, foster mood and atmosphere, beautify space and architecture, promote safety and security, increase comfort and contribute to task performance. Poor lighting can have the opposite effects. Human Needs Served by Lighting Task
32、 visibility Task visibility is essential to lighting design; lighting exists to enable vision. Recognition of this fact led to an emphasis on visibility above all other lighting design goals in the past, resulting in a high level of understanding of visibility and its importance. Task performance Task performance involves occupants interacting with ob- jects in a space, whether it is a person washing his or her 3
