1、 INCITS/ISO TS 19130:2010 2015 (ISO/TS 19130:2010, IDT) Geographic information Imagery sensor models for geopositioning INCITS/ISO TS 19130:2010 2015 PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall
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7、pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1101 K Street NW, Suite 610, Washington DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America ii ITIC 2016 All rights reserved Reference numberISO/TS 19130:2010(E)ISO 2010TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS19130First edition2010-06-15Geographic informat
8、ion Imagery sensor models for geopositioning Information gographique Modles de capteurs dimages de gopositionnement ISO/TS 19130:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited
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13、rightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedISO/TS 19130:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Conformance .1 3 Normative references2 4 Terms and definitions .2 5 Symbols and abbreviated terms 11 5.1 Abbre
14、viated terms .11 5.2 Notation 13 6 Image geopositioning: overview and common elements .13 6.1 Introduction13 6.2 Type of geopositioning information 14 6.3 Calibration data .15 6.4 Ground control points.16 7 Physical Sensor Models .19 7.1 Sensor types 19 7.2 Physical Sensor Model approach 23 7.3 Qual
15、ity associated with Physical Sensor Models 29 7.4 Physical Sensor Model metadata 31 7.5 Location and orientation.32 7.6 Sensor parameters 37 8 True Replacement Models and Correspondence Models .43 8.1 Functional fitting .43 8.2 True Replacement Model approach.44 8.3 Quality associated with a True Re
16、placement Model50 8.4 Schema for True Replacement Model .52 8.5 Correspondence Model approach .53 8.6 Schema for Correspondence Models56 Annex A (normative) Conformance and testing 57 Annex B (normative) Geolocation information data dictionary .60 Annex C (normative) Coordinate systems .77 Annex D (
17、informative) Frame sensor model metadata profile supporting precise geopositioning .106 Annex E (informative) Pushbroom / Whiskbroom sensor model metadata profile114 Annex F (informative) Synthetic Aperture Radar sensor model metadata profile supporting precise geopositioning .128 Bibliography140 IS
18、O/TS 19130:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each
19、 member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Internationa
20、l Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
21、 adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
22、technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document: an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members of the parent co
23、mmittee casting a vote; an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting a vote. An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to
24、 decide whether it will be confirmed for a further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an International Standard or be withdra
25、wn. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TS 19130 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. IS
26、O/TS 19130:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction The purpose of this Technical Specification is to specify the geolocation information that an imagery data provider shall supply in order for the user to be able to find the earth location of the data using a Physical Sensor Model, a True
27、 Replacement Model or a Correspondence Model. Detailed Physical Sensor Models are defined for passive electro-optical visible/infrared (IR) sensors (frame, pushbroom and whiskbroom) and for an active microwave sensing system (Synthetic Aperture Radar). A set of components from which models for other
28、 sensors can be constructed is also provided. Metadata required for geopositioning using a True Replacement Model, a Correspondence Model, or ground control points are also specified. The intent is to standardize sensor descriptions and specify the minimum geolocation metadata requirements for data
29、providers and geopositioning imagery systems. Vast amounts of data from imaging systems are collected, processed and distributed by government mapping and remote sensing agencies and commercial data vendors. In order for this data to be useful in extraction of geographic information, it requires fur
30、ther processing. Geopositioning, which determines the ground coordinates of an object from image coordinates, is a fundamental processing step. Because of the diversity of sensor types and the lack of a common sensor model standard, data from different producers can contain different parametric info
31、rmation, lack parameters required to describe the sensor that produces the data, or lack ancillary information necessary for geopositioning and analysing the data. Consequently, a separate software package often has to be developed to deal with data from each individual sensor or data producer. Stan
32、dard sensor models and geolocation metadata allow agencies or vendors to develop generalized software products that are applicable to data from multiple data producers or from multiple sensors. With such a standard, different producers can describe the geolocation information of their data in the sa
33、me way, thus promoting interoperability of data between application systems and facilitating data exchange. This Technical Specification defines the set of metadata elements specified for providing sensor model and other geopositioning data to users. For the case where a Physical Sensor Model is pro
34、vided, it includes a location model and metadata relevant to all sensors; it also includes metadata specific to whiskbroom, pushbroom, frame, and SAR sensors. It also includes metadata for functional fit geopositioning, where the function is part of a Correspondence Model or a True Replacement Model
35、. This Technical Specification also provides a schema for all of these metadata elements. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19130:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Geographic information Imagery sensor models for geopositioning 1 Scope This Technical Specification identifies the information require
36、d to determine the relationship between the position of a remotely sensed pixel in image coordinates and its geoposition. It supports exploitation of remotely sensed images. It defines the metadata to be distributed with the image to enable user determination of geographic position from the observat
37、ions. This Technical Specification specifies several ways in which information in support of geopositioning may be provided. a) It may be provided as a sensor description with the associated physical and geometric information necessary to rigorously construct a Physical Sensor Model. For the case wh
38、ere precise geoposition information is needed, this Technical Specification identifies the mathematical formulae for rigorously constructing Physical Sensor Models that relate two-dimensional image space to three-dimensional ground space and the calculation of the associated propagated errors. This
39、Technical Specification provides detailed information for three types of passive electro-optical/infrared (IR) sensors (frame, pushbroom and whiskbroom) and for an active microwave sensing system Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). It provides a framework by which these sensor models can be extended to
40、other sensor types. b) It may be provided as a True Replacement Model, using functions whose coefficients are based on a Physical Sensor Model so that they provide information for precise geopositioning, including the calculation of errors, as precisely as the Physical Sensor Model they replace. c)
41、It may be provided as a Correspondence Model that provides a functional fitting based on observed relationships between the geopositions of a set of ground control points and their image coordinates. d) It may be provided as a set of ground control points that can be used to develop a Correspondence
42、 Model or to refine a Physical Sensor Model or True Replacement Model. This Technical Specification does not specify either how users derive geoposition data or the format or content of the data the users generate. 2 Conformance This Technical Specification specifies four conformance classes. There
43、is one conformance class for each of the methods specified for providing geopositioning information. Any set of geopositioning information claiming conformance to this Technical Specification shall satisfy the requirements for at least one conformance class as specified in Table 1. The requirements
44、for each class are shown by the presence of an X in the boxes for all clauses in the application test suite (ATS) required for that class. If the requirement is conditional, the box contains a C. ISO/TS 19130:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reservedTable 1 Conformance classes Subclause A.1 A.2.1 A.2.2
45、 A.3.1 A.3.2 A.3.3 A.3.4 A.3.5 A.4 A.5 A.6 Correspondence Model X X X X X SAR X X X X X Physical Sensor Model electro-optical X X X X X True Replacement Model X X X Conformance ClassGCP Collection X X X C C C C C C C C 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for t
46、he application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/TS 19103:2005, Geographic information Conceptual schema language ISO 19107, Geographic information Spat
47、ial schema ISO 19108, Geographic information Temporal schema ISO 19111:2007, Geographic information Spatial referencing by coordinates ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information Metadata ISO 19115-2:2009, Geographic information Metadata Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data ISO 19123, Geograph
48、ic information Schema for coverage geometry and functions ISO/TS 19138:2006 Geographic information Data quality measures 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 active sensing system sensing system that emits energy that the sensor us
49、es to perform sensing 4.2 adjustable model parameters model parameters that can be refined using available additional information, such as ground control points, to improve or enhance modelling corrections 4.3 along-track direction in which the sensor platform moves ISO/TS 19130:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 34.4 ARP aperture reference point 3D location of the centre of the synthetic aperture NOTE It is usually
