1、TIASTANDARDFOTP-196Guideline for Polarization-Mode Measurement in Single-Mode Fiber Optic Components and Devices TIA-455-196November 1999 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION ANSI/TIA/EIA-455-196-1999 Approved: November 9, 1999 Reaffirmed: April 25, 2008 NOTICETIA Engineering Standards and Public
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6、ermine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Standards Proposal No. 3-2761, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA FO-4 Fiber Optics, FO-4.3 Subcommittee on Passive Optical Devices and Components.) Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Standards and Tec
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22、ION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TIA/EIA-455-196AJB,TIA SC FO-6.3.5, 09-15-99iFOTP-196Guideline for Polarization- Mode Dispersion Measurement in Single-ModeFiber Optic Components and
23、DevicesContentsForewordiii1 Introduction. 12 Normative references. 23 Apparatus 24 Sampling and specimens 25 Procedure 36 Interpretation of Results and Calculations . 47 Documentation 68 Specification information. 7Annex A (Informative) 8Annex B (Informative).13Annex C (Informative).13TIA/EIA-455-19
24、6iiThis page left blank.TIA/EIA-455-196AJB,TIA SC FO-6.3.5, 09-15-99iiiFOTP-196Guideline for Polarization-mode Dispersion Measurement in Single-ModeFiber Optic Components and DevicesForeword(This Foreword is informative only and is not part of this Standard.)From TIA Project No. 4355, formulated und
25、er the cognizance of TIA FO-6.3.5,Subcommittee on Passive Fiber Optic Devices.This FOTP is part of the series of test procedures included within RecommendedStandard EIA/TIA-455.There are three annexes, all of them informative.Key words: Polarization-mode Dispersion, Components, Isolators, Filters, P
26、MDTIA/EIA-455-196ivThis page left blankTIA/EIA-455-196AJB,TIA SC FO-6.3.5, 09-15-9911 Introduction1.1 IntentThis document describes the measurement of Polarization-mode Dispersion (PMD)and Differential Group Delay (DGD) in fiber optic devices or components. ExistingFiber Optic Test Procedures, FOTP-
27、113, FOTP-122 and FOTP-124 apply only tofiber and fiber cables, but may be applied to components providing certainprecautions are observed. This document describes the application of theseprocedures to fiber component PMD measurement.1.2 ScopeThe document discusses the application of the pre-existin
28、g fiber test procedures forPMD measurement in fiber to the special case of fiber components. Specialprecautions are required to avoid several potential problems, and these problemsand precautions are described for each of the applicable procedures. Thisdocument does not describe the test procedures
29、in detail, merely the variationsrequired for component measurements. In particular, for amplifiers and also narrow-band devices, specific precautions are given.This FOTP also does not apply to components that have in excess of 10 dB ofpolarization-dependent loss (PDL).1.3 BackgroundThere already exi
30、st three Test Procedures for PMD measurement in Fibers andfiber cables. Two of these methods use a Polarimetric approach to PMDmeasurement and are typically referred to as frequency domain measurements,because the techniques rely on measuring the variation of birefringence andpolarized light transmi
31、ssion with wavelength to determine PMD. These are theJones Matrix Eigenanalysis (JME) method (covered by FOTP-122) and the FixedAnalyzer (FA) technique (covered by FOTP-113). The latter is subdivided withExtrema Counting (FAEC) and Fourier Transform (FAFT) processing methods.The third Technique is I
32、nterferometry (covered by FOTP-124), where a broadband(e.g. LED) source is used as a low-coherence source to examine the path lengthimbalance (time delay differences) caused by the PMD. For this reason it isreferred to as a time-domain PMD method.Any of the three methods referred to here may be appl
33、ied. The user is particularlyreferred to Annex A where the possible application issues of each method arediscussed.TIA/EIA-455-19622 Normative referencesTest or inspection requirements may include, but are not limited to, the followingreferences:EIA/TIA-455-A, (Example: Standard Test Procedure for F
34、iber Optic Fibers, Cables,Transducers, Sensors, Connecting and Transmitting Devices, and Other Fiberoptic components.)FOTP-113 (EIA/TIA-113), (Polarization-mode Dispersion Measurement for Single-Mode Optical Fibers by the Fixed Analyzer method.)FOTP-122 (EIA/TIA-122), (Polarization-mode Dispersion M
35、easurement for Single-Mode Optical Fibers by Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis.)FOTP-124 (EIA/TIA-124), (Polarization-mode Dispersion Measurement for Single-Mode Optical Fibers by Interferometric Method.)FOTP-157 (EIA/TIA-157), (Polarization-Dependent Loss Measurement in PassiveOptical Components)Users of
36、these FOTPs are encouraged to specify the most recent edition.3 ApparatusUse apparatus dictated by the relevant selected FOTP.4 Sampling and specimensThe sample is typically a fiber-pigtailed discrete component, which is fusion-splicedor connected via suitable patch cords, pigtails etc. into the PMD
37、 test apparatus. Thespecimen may be in normal laboratory environments, or alternatively as required thecomponent may be placed in an environmental chamber to allow it to be subject tohigh or low temperature or humidity etc during measurements. In the case ofamplifier components, energize the amplifi
38、er pump as required.Ensure the component has less than 10 dB PDL, and that its approximate spectralbandwidth (or gain bandwidth) is known.TIA/EIA-455-196AJB,TIA SC FO-6.3.5, 09-15-993Certain devices, e.g. gratings, work in reflection. In these cases, it will benecessary to connect the device to the
39、test apparatus via a 1x2 directional coupleror circulator. The coupler/circulator used must have a known low PMD value.5 ProcedurePerform measurements as per the selected FOTP. Select the wavelength range tobe used, ensuring that the range set does not exceed the spectral range of thedevice under te
40、st. In the case of amplifiers, the spectral range is interpreted as thegain bandwidth. In the case of Interferometry (FOTP-124), if the source bandwidth exceeds thecomponent bandwidth, do not proceed.Connect the component to the test apparatus and lay the fiber leads into and out ofthe device in lar
41、ge radii (e.g. radius100 mm) coils, without tight bends.Establish that the received signal level is within the correct range for the componentand instrumentation in use. In particular, when testing components containingamplifiers, look for evidence of excess ASE noise, in the form of incorrect signa
42、llevel, poor signal-noise ratio, or broad/flat interferograms/Fourier plots, and otherabnormal result outputs. If in doubt, do not proceed.Perform one measurement of the PMD in accordance with the relevant FOTP andthe instrumentation in use.Record the PMD results in accordance with the FOTP, and sec
43、tion 6.If required, repeat the measurement, with the fiber leads laid out in a differentpattern, to ensure a different polarization state is launched into, and collected from,the device under test. Record the PMD results in accordance with the FOTP, andsection 6.If required, repeat this procedure, w
44、ith leads moved again, up to three more times,according to requirements.Record the PMD results in accordance with the FOTP, and section 6.TIA/EIA-455-19646 Interpretation of Results and CalculationsIn all of the methods, the key parameters that are required are typically:-The maximum DGD value withi
45、n the wavelength range;The component PMD- defined as the average DGD over the specifiedmeasurement wavelength range.Both parameters (and any others) are determined with some manual interpretationfrom the measurement results.Refer to Annex A for further background on interpretation.6.1 Interpretation
46、 of ResultsCertain interpretations of the measurement results must be exercised; these differfor each measurement technique used, as shown below:For FAEC (FOTP-113, Method A) : Examine the ratio plot for dual or multiple frequency of oscillations. If multiple-frequency oscillations are present proce
47、ed only after checking that the “cyclecounting” peak detection is correctly functioning. If not, select anothermeasurement method.For FAFT (FOTP-113, Method B) : Examine the Fourier transform plot for dual or multiple peaks. Determinebaseband and intermodulation peaks as appropriate. Intermodulation
48、 peaks willbe at “sum and/or difference” DGD values. Eliminate or ignore theintermodulation peaks.For JME (FOTP-122) : Examine the DGD plot for oscillations. If no oscillations present, average theDGD over the wavelength range. If oscillations above the expected noise leveloccur, determine the avera
49、ge DGD and the maximum DGD over the wavelengthrange used.For Interferometry (FOTP-124) : Examine the Interferogram plot for single or multiple peaks. Determine if any of the peaks are not PMD related (i.e. do not change amplitudewith a new fiber lead configuration or input polarization state). Repeat themeasurement as many times as necessary to determine the true PMD peaks.Eliminate or ignore the “non-PMD” peaks.TIA/EIA-455-196AJB,TIA SC FO-6.3.5, 09-15-9956.2 CalculationsPerform PMD calculations for each measurement taken as pe
