1、ADS-45-HDBK 19 DECEMBER 2005 SUPERSEDING ADS-45 JUNE 1993 AERONAUTICAL DESIGN STANDARD HANDBOOK DATA AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR AIRWORTHINESS RELEASE FOR U.S. ARMY HELICOPTER ARMAMENT TESTING (GUNS, ROCKETS, MISSILES) This handbook is for guidance only. Do not cite this document as a requirement. AMSC
2、NIA FSC lOGP DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORD 1. This handbook is approved for use by the U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Comman
3、d and is available for use by all deparhnents and agencies of the Department of Defense. 2. This handbook covers the data and test procedures that must he met to obtain an Airworthiness Release to flight test armament on Army aircraft. Major additions to this revision include Safety-of-Flight analys
4、es and ground tests, airworthiness reviews and software procedures. It also includes format changes to comply with MIL-STD-967, Depamnent of Defense Standard Practice for Defense Handbooks Format and Content. 3. Comments, suggestions, or questions on this document should be addressed to Commander, U
5、. S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command, Aviation and MissiIe Research, Development and Engineering Center, ATTN: AMSRD-AMR-SE-TD-ST, 5400 Fowler Road, Huntsville, AL 35898-5000 or emailed to WilliamSrnithrdec.redstone.army.mil. Since contact information can change, verify the curren
6、cy of this address information using the ASSIST Online database at hrtp:/assist.davs.dla.miWonline/start/. 4. Technical questions may be addressed to the following office: U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center Redstone Arsenal ATTN: AMSRD-AMR-AE-S-W Building 448
7、8, Room C-316 Huntsville, AL 35898-5000 Telephone: Commercial (256) 313-8465 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AERONAUTICAL DESIGN STANDARD HANDBOOK DATA AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR AIRWORTHINESS RELEASE FOR U.S. ARMY HELICOPTER ARMAMENT TE
8、STING (GUNS, ROCKETS, MISSILES) FUNCTIONAL DIVISION: David B. Crinns . . Chief, Mission Equipment Division Aviation RDECOM SUBMITTED BY: APPROVED BY: DATE: Director of Aviation Engineering, RDECOM Standards Executive Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without licens
9、e from IHS-,-,-ADS-45-HDBK Certification Record Board date: Document Identifier and Title: ADS-45-HDBK, Aeronautical Design Standard Handbook, Data and Test Procedures for Airworthiness Release for U.S. Army Helicopter Armament Testing (Guns, Rockets, Missiles) Rationale for Certification: Decision:
10、 RDECOM Division Chief Concur Nonconcur I Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-45-HDBK TABLE OF CONTENTS PARAGRAPH FOREWARD . 1 . 0 SCOPE . 2.0 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS . . 2.1 General 2.2 Government documents 2.2.1 Specifications. standar
11、ds and handbooks 2.2.2 Other Government documents. drawings and publications 2.3 Non-Government publications 3.0 DEFWITIONS 3.1 Acro . 4.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Armament description and installation . 4.2 Location of armament 4.3 Electrical installation . 4.4 Software description 4.5 Equipment fu
12、rnished by contractor 5.0 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS 5.1 Analyses . 5.1.1 Safety Assessment Report (SAR)hazard analysis 5.1.2 Weight and balance analysis 5.1.3 Loads and stress analysis . 5.1.4 Preliminary dynamic analysis . 5.1.5 Electrical load analysis . 5.1.6 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analy
13、sis 5.1.7 Electromagnetic vulnerability (EMV)/hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance (HERO) analysis 5.1.8 Radiation hazards to personnel analysis 5.1.9 Electrostatic discharge (ESD)llightning hazards analysis Clearance analysis . . Missileirocket launch transient analysis Blast overpressu
14、re analysis . Preliminary human engineering analysis Software integration analysis Environmental analysis . Unmanned air vehiele (UAV) integration analysis Test Safe . Environmental tests Electromagnetic interferenee (EMI) test . Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test Software verification and int
15、egration tests Aircraft ground test . Aircraft non-firing flight test Reviews that support Airworthiness Releases (AWR) . Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-5.3.1 First Flight Design Review (FFDR) 5.3.2 Firing Readiness Review (FRR) 5.4
16、Flight test plan . 5.5 Documentation 6.0 NOTES . 6.1 Intended use . 6.2 Information documents 6.3 International standardization agreements 6.4 Subject term (key word) listing Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DATA AND TEST PROCEDURES FO
17、R AlRWORTHlNESS RELEASE FOR U.S. ARMY HELICOPTER ARMAMENT TESTING (GUNS, ROCKETS, MISSILES) 1.0 SCOPE. This handbook establishes guidelines for data and test procedures, that should be completed prior to the issuance of a Contractor Flight Release (CFR) or Airworthiness Release (AWR) to conduct flig
18、ht testing of armament on U.S. Amy aircraft. A CFRIAWR is required for aircraft ground firing tests with the rotors turning, and for aircraft flight tests, both non-fuing (captive carriage) and firing. The guidelines include documentation on armament configurationldesign, analyses, component tests a
19、nd aircraft ground tests. The documentation is required so the Govenunent can conduct an airworthiness assessment in order to ensure that U.S. Amy aircraft are safe to flight test. The requirements should be tailored based on the nature, magnitude, complexity and integration risk associated with the
20、 new or modified armament system. The difference between an “airworthy“ system and a “qualified“ system is the degree to which the system meets specification requirements and provides the system “performance“ expected by the user. For a tutorial on the overall helicopter airworthiness qualification
21、process, including flight releases, see ADS-5 1- HDBK. For purposes of this handbook, the terms “armament“ and “weapon“ are interchangeable. 2.0 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS. 2.1 General. The documents listed below are not necessarily all of the documents referenced herein, but are those needed to understan
22、d the infomation provided by this handbook. 2.2 Government documents. 2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. The following specifications, standards, and handbooks fom a part of this document to the extent specified herein. JSSG-20018 Air Vehicle JSSG-2010-7 Crew Systems, Crash Protection H
23、andbook MIL-A-8591 Airborne Stores, Suspension Equipment and Aircraft-Store Interface (Carriage Phase); General Design Criteria MIL-E-7016 Electrical Load and Power Source Capacity, Aircraft, Analysis of MIL-STD-461 Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics of Subs
24、ystems and Equipment MIL-STD-704 Aircraft Electric Power Characteristics MIL-STD-8 10 Test Method Standard for Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests MIL-STD-882 Standard Practice for System Safety MIL-STD-1289 Airborne Stores, Ground Fit and Compatibility Requirements MIL-STD
25、-1425 Safety Design Requirements for Military Lasers and Associated Support Equipment MIL-STD- 1472 Human Engineering MIL-STD-7080 Electric Equipment, Aircraft, Selection and Installation MIL-HDBK-I 763 AircrafdStores Compatibility: Systems Engineering Data Requirements and Test Procedures Provided
26、by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copies of the above specification, standards, and handbooks are available from the Standardization Document Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 191 11-5094 or online at the following web site
27、: http:/assist.daps.dla.mibnlineistarr/. 2.2.2 Other Government documents, drawincs, and ublications. The following other Government documents, drawings, and publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. ADS-37A-PRF Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) Performance a
28、nd Verification Requirements ADS-5 1 -HDBK Rotorcraft commonly referred to as “safe escape“. n. Safe arming - assessment of minimum safe arming distance, fuze arm time settings and “safe and arm“ deviees to proteet the fuing aircraft from early detonation of munitions. o. Armament static and dynamic
29、 clearances from worse case rotor blade position, aircraft surface and aircraft components. See MIL-STD-1289 for guidance. p. Any crashworthiness degradation to the aircraft and crewltroops due to the armament installation. Special attention should be given to any potential occupant strike hazard fr
30、om sighting equipment or egress blockage. See JSSG-2010-7 for guidance. q. Any degradation to the aircraft sensor system, including crew vision, night vision or night vision goggles and other devices. See ADS-62-SP for guidance. r. Potential hazards due to the use of lasers or interfaces with lasers
31、. See MIL-STD-1425 and MIL-STD-1472 for guidance. s. Potential ham e.g. leaning and pushing. The analysis should also include munition hangfue conditions. See MIL-A-8591 for guidance on aircraft stores, stores racks and interfaces. Guidance on helicopter structural integrity is contained in ADS-5 1
32、-HDBK. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-5.1.4 Preliminarv dynamic analysis. A preliminary dynamic analysis should be performed to determine the fundamental dynamic properties of the armament system/suhsystem. These properties should in
33、clude, as a minimum, but should not be limited to: (I) the resonant frequencies, damping, and mode shapes of the installed system; (2) the forced response of the installed system with the forcing frequencies of the host equal to the primary forcing frequencies of IP, nP, ZnP, 3nF, and 4nF (where n =
34、 number of blades, P = rotor angular velocity); and (3) the installed system dynamic effect on the aircraft. 5.1.5 Electrical load analvsis. Electrical loads analysis data should be prepared using MIL-E-7016 as a guide. The analysis may be presented as an update to an existing approved electrical lo
35、ads analysis. The purpose ofthe analysis is to demonstrate that adequate electrical power is available for the various modes of operation of both the armament system and the aircraft. (Most Army aircraft have an electrical loads analysis which has already been submitted to the airworthiness authorit
36、y, and it may serve as a baseline to such an update.) In the event flight test instrumentation is also being installed on the test aircraft, then the update must include that equipment. Updates may be submitted as letter reports with reference to the existing electrical loads analysis; i.e., a forma
37、l revision to the report is generally not necessary. 5.1.6 Electromaenetic compatibilitv (EMC) analysis. Analysis should address potential interference effects ofthe new or modified armament system on critical aircraft systems. The effects might be influenced by the duration and timing of armament s
38、ystem operations and the recovery times of aircraft equipment that could be upset or damaged by such EMI. Aircraft system operations should also be analyzed with respect to safety critical effects on the armament system. Analysis should also substantiate that the armament is compatible with aircraft
39、 power furnished using MIL-STD-704. (The specific revision of ML-STD-704 that applies is dependent on which aircraft model is being used.) Analyses should pay particular attention to electrical transients caused by armament system operations. Results of these analyses should be considered during the
40、 planning of the EMC test of paragraph 5.2.1.3; e.g., it might be appropriate for the electrical power buses to be monitored for the presence of interfering and, possibly, damaging transient effects. The analytical report should summarize how the results ofthe analysis have influenced the installati
41、on design and subsequent E3 testing. 5.1.7 Elcctromaenetic vulnerability I EMV) hwards of electromaenetic radiation to ordnance (11- analvsis. The flight test area must be surveyed for electromaenetic emitters with respect to hellcopter operations. The -should beanalyzed in the context ofarmament sy
42、stem-EMI susceptibility data and/or helicopter batform EMV and HERO data. The intent is to minimize the risk of an unacceptable response or malfunction of either the armament or an aircraft system that may jeopardize aircraft safety, the safety of ground systems and personnel, or adversely affect th
43、e flight test program. Full use will be made of susceptibility test data obtained previously on the armament system or helicopter platform; e.g., EMV and HERO data at the aircraft level (reference paragraphs 4.4 and 4.6.1 of ADS-37A- PRF) and RS103 data at the component level (reference paragraph 4.
44、2 of ADSJ7A-PRF). Where such data are not available, the use of Electromagnetic Radiation Ordnance (EMRO) and Electromagnetic Radiation Hazard (EMRH) data for the armament system should be considered (reference TR-RD-TE-97-0 I). 5.1.8 Radiation hazards to personnel analysis. Electromagnetic radiatio
45、n data (kequency, antenna patterns and effective radiated power) must be provided for any newly added transmitters and antennas associated with the armament system (or flight instrumentation). The analysis will include evaluation of potential hazards to operatinglmaintenance personnel. Results of th
46、e analysis will also include descriptions of design features and/or procedures that will be put in place to prevent harmful radiation from injuring personnel. See paragraph 3.6.3 of ADS- 5.1.9 Electrostatic discharee (ESD)/lightninqhazards analysis. The ESD and lightning hazards (reference paragraph
47、s 3.7 and 3.8 of ADS-37A-PRF) must be analyzed with respect to inadvertent ignition of safety-critical ordnance. Weapon round test data might be available for mature weapon systems that would be pertinent to these analyses. These hazards are generally addressed through design and operational constra
48、ints prior to the initiation of the qualification process. 5.1.10 Clearance analysis. A clearance analysis should be provided to document and ensure safe clearance between the rotorsifuselage and the weapons trajectories using MIL-STD-1289. The analysis should include captive carriage, fuing traject
49、ories, debris trajectorieslimpingement, jettison and the aircrafts landing operations. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-5.1 .I 1 Missilelrocket launch transient analysis. A launch transient analysis should assess the potential interaction of the aircraft, launche
