1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15-2013(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15-2010)Includes ANSI/ASHRAE addenda listed in Appendix FSafety Standard forRefrigeration SystemsSee Appendix F for approval dates by the ASHRAE Standards Committee, the ASHRAE Board of Directors, and the AmericanNational Standards Institu
2、te.This standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the Standards Com-mittee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for timely,documented, consensus action on requests for chang
3、e to any part of the standard. The change submittal form, instructions, anddeadlines may be obtained in electronic form from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or in paper form from the Manager ofStandards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from the ASHRAE website (www.ashra
4、e.org) or fromASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129.Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go towww.ashrae.org/permissions. 2013 ASHRAE ISSN
5、 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE.Consensus is defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved thisstandard as an ANS, as “subst
6、antial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrenceof more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aneffort be made toward their resolution.” Complianc
7、e with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliancemandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee
8、 appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance
9、the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees.The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint
10、 portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, co
11、mponents,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established t
12、o assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes,bysuggestingsafepracticesindesigningandinstallingequipment,byprovidingproperdefinitionsofthisequipment,andbyprovidingother information that may serve to guide the industry.The creation of ASHRAE Standards and
13、 Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standing Stan
14、dard Project Committee 15CognizantTCs:TC 10.1, Custom Engineered Refrigeration Systems,andTC 9.1, Large Building Air-Conditioning SystemsSPLS Liaison: Mark P. ModeraStaff Liaison: Douglas K.TuckerDennis R. Dorman, Chair Paul L. Doppel Douglas T. ReindlMartin L. Timm, Vice Chair Stephen W. Duda Brian
15、 J. RodgersGregory A. Scrivener, Secretary Danny M. Halel Jeffrey M. ShapiroA. Bruce Badger Phillip A. Johnson Eric M. SmithEls Baert Jay A. Kohler Ganesan SundaresanWayne K. Borrowman C. Dominic Kolandayan Russell C. TharpJames M. Calm Scott M. MacBain, Sr. Ronald P. VallortJim Caylor Chun-cheng Pi
16、ao John I. VucciKyle D. WessellsASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20132014William F. Walter, Chair David R. Conover Malcolm D. KnightRichard L. Hall, Vice-Chair John F. Dunlap Rick A. LarsonKarim Amrane James W. Earley, Jr. Mark P. ModeraJoseph R. Anderson Steven J. Emmerich Cyrus H. NasseriJames Dale Aswe
17、gan Julie M. Ferguson Janice C. PetersonCharles S. Barnaby Krishnan Gowri Heather L. PlattSteven F. Bruning Cecily M. Grzywacz Douglas T. ReindlJohn A. Clark Rita M. Harrold Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOWaller S. Clements Adam W. Hinge Thomas E. Werkema, Jr., CODebra H. KennoyStephanie C. Reiniche, Manager
18、 of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15-2013,Safety Standard for Refrigeration SystemsSECTION PAGEFor
19、eword .21 Purpose.32 Scope33 Definitions .34 Occupancy Classification55 Refrigerating System Classification 66 Refrigerant Safety Classification.77 Restrictions on Refrigerant Use78 Installation Restrictions.99 Design and Construction of Equipment and Systems.1110 Operation and Testing .2211 General
20、 Requirements 2212 Precedence with Conflicting Requirements.2313 Listed Equipment.23Informative Appendix AInformative References 24Normative Appendix BNormative References .24Informative Appendix CMethod for Calculating Discharge Capacity ofPositive Displacement Compressor Pressure-Relief Device.25N
21、ormative Appendix DAllowable Equivalent Length of Discharge Piping .27Informative Appendix EEmergencies in Refrigerating Machinery Rooms .28Informative Appendix FAddenda Description Information .30NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge fro
22、m the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2013 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the Americ
23、an National Standards Institute. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15-2013(This foreword is not part of this standard.
24、 It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informa
25、tive material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDASHRAE Standard 15-2013 is the most recent edition ofone of ASHRAEs oldest standards. Standard 15 is under con-tinuous maintenance, which means it is modified and updatedbased on feedback from users, changes in the science o
26、riginat-ing from ASHRAE and industry research, and industry changesthat respond to the global interest in improved environmentalresponsibility. Interested parties can recommend changes to thestandard by submitting a change proposal using the continuousmaintenance form included in the back of the sta
27、ndard. Stan-dard 15-2013 includes all of the published addenda to the 2010version as shown in Informative Appendix F.ASHRAE Standard 15 must be used with its sister stan-dard, ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34, Designation and SafetyClassification of Refrigerants.1Standard 34 prescribes theRefrigerant Classif
28、ication System, as well as refrigerant con-centration limits (RCL), that are vitally important in applyingthis standard. Although changes to Standard 15 are closelycoordinated with those to Standard 34, users of Standard 15should also review the most recent version of Standard 34 andits associated a
29、ddenda for the latest information related torefrigerant designations and safety classifications.ASHRAE Standard 15 gives a method for determining theamount of refrigerant in a given space that, when exceeded,requires a machinery room. When a refrigerant is not classi-fied in ASHRAE Standard 34 or it
30、s addenda, it is the respon-sibility of the owner of a refrigerating system to make thisjudgment.Users of ASHRAE Standard 15 may also find it useful torefer to the Standard 15-2001 Users Manual. The users man-ual was developed as a companion document to ASHRAEStandard 15. Though it does not reflect
31、the addenda andchanges incorporated into Standard 15 since its original pub-lication, it still serves to clarify the intent of the standard andprovides an explanation of the rationale behind its creation.Its purpose is to assist in use of the standard by includingillustrations and examples of accept
32、ed industry practice, aswell as explanations of and supporting references for formu-las in the standard. The users manual also covers building,system, and refrigerant classifications, restrictions on refrig-erant use, installation restrictions, and equipment and systemdesign and construction for com
33、mercial, residential, andindustrial applications.ASHRAE Standard 15 is directed toward the safety ofpersons and property on or near the premises where refriger-ation facilities are located. It includes specifications for fabri-cation of refrigerating systems but does not address the effectsof refrig
34、erant emissions on the environment. For informationon the environmental effects of refrigerant emissions, seeANSI/ASHRAE Standard 147, Reducing the Release of Halo-genated Refrigerants from Refrigerating and Air-Condition-ing Equipment and Systems.2The hazards of refrigerants are related to their ph
35、ysicaland chemical characteristics as well as to the pressures andtemperatures that occur in refrigerating and air-conditioningsystems. Personal injury and property damage from inadequateprecautions may occur from a number of origins, such asrupture of a part with risk from flying debris;release of
36、refrigerant from a fracture, due to a leakingseal or incorrect operation; orfire resulting from or intensified by burning or deflagra-tion of escaping refrigerant or lubricant.Personal injury resulting from the accidental release ofrefrigerants may also occur fromsuffocation from heavier-than-air re
37、frigerants in inade-quately ventilated spaces;narcotic and cardiac sensitization effects;toxic effects of vapor or the decomposition products dueto vapor contact with flames or hot surfaces;corrosive attack on the eyes, skin, or other tissue; orfreezing of tissue by contact with liquid.Care should b
38、e taken to avoid stagnant pockets of refrig-erant vapors by properly locating ventilation supply air inletsand exhaust outlets. All commonly used refrigerants, exceptammonia (R-717) and water (R-718), are heavier than air.Leaked refrigerant vapor will concentrate near the floor ifundisturbed. Floor-
39、level exhaust-air outlets are appropriatefor heavier-than-air refrigerants. The users manual may pro-vide useful guidance for the design of ventilation systems andthe location of supply air inlets and exhaust outlets.The following short publishing history of this code tracesthe origins of these safe
40、ty provisions. In 1919, the AmericanSociety of Refrigerating Engineers (ASRE) proposed a Tenta-tive Code for the Regulation of Refrigerating Machines andRefrigerants. Over the next 11 years, representatives from theAmerican Gas Association, American Institute of ElectricalEngineers, American Institu
41、te of Refrigeration, AmericanChemical Society, American Society of Heating and Ventila-tion Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers,National Electrical Refrigerator Manufacturers Association,National Fire Protection Association, and ASRE met to expandthe code to address all of the issues
42、 raised on the use of refrig-eration equipment. The first Safety Code for MechanicalRefrigeration, recognized as American Standard B9 in Octo-ber 1930, appeared in the first edition, 19321933, of theASRE Refrigerating Handbook and Catalog. ASRE revisionsdesignated ASA B9 appeared in 1933 and 1939. A
43、SRE revi-sions designated ASA B9.1 appeared in 1950, 1953, and 1958.After the formation of ASHRAE, editions appeared as ASAB9.1-1964, ANSI B9.1-1971, ANSI/ASHRAE 15-1978, ANSI/ASHRAE 15-1989, ANSI/ASHRAE 15-1992, ANSI/ASHRAE15-1994, ANSI/ASHRAE 15-2001, ANSI/ASHRAE 15-2004,ANSI/ASHRAE 15-2007, and A
44、NSI/ASHRAE 15-2010. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15-2013 31. PURPOSEThis standard specifies safe design, constructi
45、on, installa-tion, and operation of refrigeration systems.2. SCOPE2.1 This standard establishes safeguards for life, limb, health,and property and prescribes safety requirements.2.2 This standard applies toa. the design, construction, test, installation, operation, andinspection of mechanical and ab
46、sorption refrigeration sys-tems, including heat-pump systems used in stationaryapplications;b. modifications, including replacement of parts or compo-nents if they are not identical in function and capacity; andc. substitutions of refrigerant having a different designa-tion.3. DEFINITIONSadministrat
47、ive control: the use of human action aimed atachieving a safe level of performance from a system or sub-system. Compare to engineering control.approved: acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction(AHJ).approved, nationally recognized laboratory: a laboratory thatis acceptable to the AHJ and prov
48、ides uniform testing andexamination procedures and standards for meeting design,manufacturing, and factory testing requirements of this code;is organized, equipped, and qualified for testing; and has afollow-up inspection service of the current production of thelisted products.back pressure: the sta
49、tic pressure existing at the outlet of anoperating pressure-relief device due to pressure in the dis-charge line.balanced relief valve: a pressure-relief valve that incorpo-rates means of minimizing the effect of back pressure on theoperational characteristics of the valve (opening pressure,closing pressure, and relieving capacity).blends: refrigerants consisting of mixtures of two or moredifferent chemical compounds, often used individually asrefrigerants for other applications.brazed joint: a gas-tight joint obtained by the joining of metalparts with meta
