1、G BGEOTEC GEOSY BONA H Geo- P C HNICAL YNTHE FIDE HONORIN -Institute o TPublished b L SPECI ETICS, ENGIN ING RO SPON of the Ame ED Y. Grac Shobha K Te-Yang S by the Amer IAL PUB , FORG NEERIOBERT MNSORED BYrican SocieDITED BY e Hsuan, P K. Bhatia, P Soong, Ph.D rican Society B LICATIO GING A ING M M
2、. KOE Y ety of Civi Ph.D. Ph.D. D., P.E. y of Civil En ON NO. A PAT MATER ERNER il Engineer ngineers 275 H TO RIALS R rs Published by American Society of Civil Engineers 1801 Alexander Bell Drive Reston, Virginia, 20191-4382 www.asce.org/publications | ascelibrary.org Any statements expressed in the
3、se materials are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statement made herein. No reference made in this publication to any specific method, product, process, or service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommen
4、dation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. The materials are for general information only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are they intended as a reference in purchase specifications, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal document. ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any
5、 kind, whether express or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus, product, or process discussed in this publication, and assumes no liability therefor. The information contained in these materials should not be used without first securin
6、g competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specific application. Anyone utilizing such information assumes all liability arising from such use, including but not limited to infringement of any patent or patents. ASCE and American Society of Civil EngineersRegistered in U.S
7、. Patent and Trademark Office. Photocopies and permissions. Permission to photocopy or reproduce material from ASCE publications can be requested by sending an e-mail to permissionsasce.org or by locating a title in ASCEs Civil Engineering Database (http:/cedb.asce.org) or ASCE Library (http:/asceli
8、brary.org) and using the “Permissions” link. Errata: Errata, if any, can be found at http:/dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480182 Copyright 2016 by the American Society of Civil Engineers. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-0-7844-8018-2 (PDF) Manufactured in the United States of America. Preface Dr. Robert M.
9、 Koerners interest in geosynthetic spans almost thirty-five years of teaching, research, writing and consulting. He holds his Ph.D. in Geotechnical Engineering from Duke University. He is a registered Professor Engineer, a Distinguished Member of ASCE, a Geotechnical Engineering Diplomat, an Honorar
10、y Member of the International Geosynthetics Society and a member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering. Bob has authored and co-authored approximately 650 papers on geosynthetics and geotechnical topics in journals and offered presentations at national and international conferences. His most w
11、idely used publication is his book entitled “Designing with Geosynthetics” now in its sixth edition. Robert (Bob) Koerner has been instrumental in the development and growth of the field of Geosynthetics. His pioneering work has not only created an understanding of the design and manufacture of hund
12、reds of geosynthetic products worldwide, but has helped generations of educators, researchers, designers, manufacturers, and regulators address countless geo- environmental and civil engineering challenges using geosynthetics. His research and development efforts have resulted in two notable organiz
13、ations: the Geosynthetic Research Institute (GRI) and the Geosynthetic Institute (GSI), which have brought owners, consultants, laboratories, manufacturers, and installers together to develop and transfer knowledge related to geosynthetics. Bob is a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE
14、) and a recipient of a “Hero” award from the ASCE Geo-Institute. This mini-symposium honors Robert Koerners contribution to geosynthetics engineering through a series of papers from his former students, colleagues, practitioners, manufacturers, and researchers worldwide. A series of papers included
15、in the proceedings features a wide selection of currently relevant topics such as, the long term performance of geosynthetic products, innovative applications, new modeling techniques, centrifuge testing of geosynthetic systems, and green geosynthetics. These papers address issues that range from ba
16、sic research to application, highlighting research findings that span the globe. They engage both the researchers perspective and the practitioners point of view and they involve both the users and producers ideas. All papers included in this volume were peer reviewed by at least two anonymous, qual
17、ified, technical reviewers (and in some cases three or four reviewers) and selected for publication by the volume editors. An advanced document management service was utilized in order to assure anonymity and to maintain uniformity of standards. The standards of practice of the Geo-Institute of the
18、American Society of Civil Engineers were followed. As such, the papers contained in this volume are eligible for discussion in the ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering and for ASCE awards. The Editors Y. Grace Hsuan, PhD., Drexel University Shobha K. Bhatia, PhD., M.ASCE, Sy
19、racuse University Te-Yang Soong, PhD., P.E., M.ASCE, CTI and Associates, Inc Geosynthetics, Forging a Path to Bona Fide Engineering Materials GSP 275 iii ASCEAcknowledgments First and foremost, we would like to thank Dr. Robert (Bob) Koerner for accepting our idea to organize a mini-symposium in ord
20、er to produce this volume, “Geosynthetics Forging a Path to Bonafide Engineering Materials.” We deeply appreciate the enormous support and encouragement he offered throughout the planning until the final stage of the proceedings. We received enthusiastic support from the entire geosynthetic communit
21、y, including practitioners, manufacturers, and researchers worldwide. We thank all the contributors and many others who helped us with the reviews that make this volume possible. The editors sincerely appreciate the help and patience of Ms. Donna Dickert, Ms. Helen Cook and Mr. Brad Keeler of Geo-In
22、stitute of the ASCE for their help in managing the paper submissions and organization of the conference. We hope that these Geotechnical Special Publications will serve as valuable references to all working in geosynthetics and geoengineering. The Editors Y. Grace Hsuan, PhD., Drexel University Shob
23、ha K. Bhatia, PhD., M.ASCE, Syracuse University Te-Yang Soong, PhD. P.E., M.ASCE, CTI and Associates, Inc. Geosynthetics, Forging a Path to Bona Fide Engineering Materials GSP 275 iv ASCE Robert M. Koerner, Ph.D., P.E., D.GE, CQA Geosynthetics, Forging a Path to Bona Fide Engineering Materials GSP 2
24、75 v ASCEContents Ph.D. Students and Post-Doctoral Fellows Evaluation of Geomembrane Destructive Seam Testing Frequencies and Risk Management 1 Kevin C. Foye, Glen W. Toepfer, and Te-Yang Soong Monitoring Long-Term In Situ Conditions at Adjacent Dry and Wet MSW Landfill Cells . 14 George R. Koerner
25、The Former Fort Gillem: A Unique Case History in Closed Army Base Redevelopment 25 Michael Monteleone A Theoretical Analysis of the Maximum Load Transferred to the Junctions of a Geogrid Confined in Granular Soil 37 Robert H. Swan Jr. and Zehong Yuan The Use of Geogrids for the Development of Mechan
26、ically Stabilized Layers . 49 Mark H. Wayne Effects of Carbon Black on the Depletion of Antioxidants in HDPE under Air and Water Conditions 61 Wai Kuen (Connie) Wong and Grace Y. Hsuan U.S. Academic Colleagues Laboratory and Field Investigations of Separation Geotextiles . 72 R. D. Holtz An Update o
27、f Robert M. Koerners Models for the Packing Densities of Sands Using Image-Based Intrinsic Soil Properties 83 Roman D. Hryciw, Junxing Zheng, and Richelle Penn Centrifugal Modeling of Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls Considering Staged Construction . 95 Hoe I. Ling, Lei Xu, Dov Leshchinsky, James G.
28、Collin, and Pietro Rimoldi Geosynthetics, Forging a Path to Bona Fide Engineering Materials GSP 275 vi ASCELimit Analysis of the Reinforced Soil and Modeling Strength of Solid Waste in Landfills Using the Concepts of Soil Reinforcement . 106 Radoslaw L. Michalowski and Dimitrios Zekkos A Preliminary
29、 Study of the Bentonite Self-Healing of Slits in a GCL upon Full Hydration . 116 R. Kerry Rowe and Tikang Li Containment and Dewatering of Heavy Metal Contaminated Slurries Using Reactive Minerals and Cellulose Materials in Geotextile Tubes 126 Prabesh Rupakheti, Shobha K. Bhatia, and Erin K. Jackso
30、n Exposed Geomembranes as a Sustainable Practice for Landfill Design and Operation 140 Timothy G. Townsend, Pradeep Jain, and Justin Smith Physical Modeling of Geosynthetics Using Geotechnical Centrifuges . 148 Thomas F. Zimmie and Anirban De Evaluation of the Development of Capillary Barriers at th
31、e Interface between Fine-Grained Soils and Nonwoven Geotextiles 159 Jorge G. Zornberg, Marcelo M. Azevedo, and Chris B. Pickles Friends from Industry and Government Agencies The Testing of Geotextile Permittivity and Related Properties Using the Characteristic Flow Equation and Air Flow Measurements
32、 168 Sam Allen and Richard Lacey Geomembrane-Leachate Compatibility for the U.S. Department of Energy CERCLA Waste Disposal Facilities 183 Rudolph Bonaparte, M. Zahirul Islam, Victor M. Damasceno, Stefanie A. Fountain, Majdi A. Othman, and John F. Beech Recycled Cross-Linked Polyethylene Foam Used f
33、or Floating Covers . 208 Archie Filshill and Craig R. Calabria HDPE Geomembrane Stress Cracking: From There to Here to Where? . 216 Ian D. Peggs Status of the Field Verification of GRI Laboratory Testing on Geosynthetic Ultraviolet Stability 226 Christopher M. Richgels Geosynthetics, Forging a Path
34、to Bona Fide Engineering Materials GSP 275 vii ASCEA Case Study: Geosynthetic Reinforced SoilIntegrated Bridge Structure (GRS-IBS) 236 L. David Suits Analysis of Stresses and Strains in Geomembrane Gas Bubbles That Occur in Surface Impoundments . 244 Richard Thiel International Collaborators and Fri
35、ends Four Pioneering Projects over the Last Twenty Years Using Innovative Georeinforcement Solutions 256 Dimiter Alexiew On Site Behavior of PVC Exposed Geomembranes Used for the Upstream Face Rehabilitation of Dams in the Italian Alps 266 D. Cazzuffi Seismic Behavior of a Cohesive Backfilled Geosyn
36、thetic Reinforced Wall . 284 Erol Guler, Ismail E. Kilic, and Cihan Cengiz Shear-Resistant Geosynthetic Clay LinersAbout 30 Years from Invention to Today 294 Georg Heerten Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) and Vegetation Soil Erosion Properties in Channel Flow and Rain Splash Tests 305 Chiwan
37、Hsieh, Shih-Hao Jien, Je-Chian Chen, and Mu-Ji Huang Environmental Adaptability of Green Geosynthetics as Sustainable Materials for Civil Engineering Applications . 318 Han-Yong Jeon Composite Filters of Geotextiles and Natural Materials for Critical Applications in Dam Engineering . 326 K. R. Legge
38、 A Study on High Oxygen Pressure Autoclave Testing for the Oxidative Resistance of Polyolefin-Based Geosynthetics 332 Werner W. Mller and Andreas Whlecke Geosynthetics, Forging a Path to Bona Fide Engineering Materials GSP 275 viii ASCE Evaluation of Geomembrane Destructive Seam Testing Frequencies
39、and Risk Management Kevin C. Foye 1 , Ph.D., P.E., M. ASCE, Glen W. Toepfer 2 , and Te-Yang Soong 3 , Ph.D., P.E., M. ASCE 1 Senior Engineer, CTI and Associates, Inc., 51331 W. Pontiac Trail, Wixom, MI 48393, email: 2 President, CQA Solutions, email: gwtoepfercqasolutions.co 3 Vice President Engine
40、ering, CTI and Associates, Inc., email: ABSTRACT: An increasing demand for Construction Quality Assurance (CQA) for large landfill liner and final cover projects is being driven by three key recent trends: (1) the consolidation and closure of large Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfills; (2) the exp
41、ansion and/or closure of large Coal Combustion Residual (CCR) landfills, and (3) the closure of large CCR surface impoundments. The unprecedented size of these emerging construction projects is cause to examine existing CQA practices and evaluate their projected efficacy for upcoming construction. D
42、estructive seam testing for geomembranes deployed in the field is an area of particular interest because this kind of CQA testing has a direct impact on the quality, schedule, and cost of installations. This paper examines available probability-based quality assurance methods and considers their imp
43、act on risk of poor performance for large liner and final cover systems. Data from completed projects are used to illustrate the implementation of these methods and to simulate how a CQA program can manage risk. INTRODUCTION Renewed interest in the conduct of Construction Quality Assurance (CQA) for
44、 geomembrane installations is needed in order to resolve important risk management issues. Fortunately, large landfill liner and final cover projects in the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and Coal Combustion Residual (CCR) landfill sectors are facilitating the re-examination of CQA methods. Very large
45、projects emphasize the implications of decisions regarding quality of work and acceptance of installation due to the magnitude of the consequences for poor performance. Accordingly, CQA decisions entail significant short-term cost and long-term liability trade-offs. Therefore, there is a need to tie
46、 testing practices and the resulting quality assurance decisions to actual measures of risk, which is not possible the way testing data are currently used. Geosynthetics, Forging a Path to Bona Fide Engineering Materials GSP 275 1 ASCE In terms of traditional quality assurance engineering, the funda
47、mental decision facing CQA Engineers is whether to accept or reject a geomembrane as installed. This decision has considerable financial, regulatory, and professional implications. This decision is complicated by the incremental nature of landfill construction work and the numerous variables affecti
48、ng the quality of field seams. From quality assurance theory, there is an established notion of the concept of a lot a fundamental unit of production to which this decision is applied. The quality assurance sampling schemes that are applied to the testing of these lots are designed to control the pr
49、obability of accepting a lot with an unacceptable proportion of defective units. Ideally, a lot should have a controlled set of conditions such that all of its members can be considered together. In the practice of geomembrane seaming, this concept of a lot is difficult to implement since there are few clear demarcations in the project that offer boundaries to a lot. Also complicating the issue is that the acceptance or rejection of the seams must be made relatively quickly in order to facilitat
