1、ASME PTB-1-2014ASME Section VIII Division 2Criteria and CommentaryPTB-1-2014 ASME Section VIII Division 2 Criteria and Commentary David A. Osage, P.E. James C. Sowinski, P.E. The Equity Engineering Group, Inc. Date of Issuance: May 27, 2014 This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored
2、by ASME Pressure Technology Codes and Standards (PTCS) through the ASME Standards Technology, LLC (ASME ST-LLC). Neither ASME, the author, nor others involved in the preparation or review of this document, nor any of their respective employees, members or persons acting on their behalf, makes any wa
3、rranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe upon privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercia
4、l product, process or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favoring by ASME or others involved in the preparation or review of this document, or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of the author
5、s, contributors and reviewers of the document expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of ASME or others involved in the preparation or review of this document, or any agency thereof. ASME does not “approve,” “rate”, or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device or activity. ASME
6、does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liabili
7、ty. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be
8、interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard. ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission o
9、f the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 ISBN No. 978-0-7918-6927-7 Copyright 2014 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved Printed in the U.S.A. PTB-1-2014 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword xi Acknowledgements xii
10、i Organization and Use . xiv 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS . 1 1.1 General . 1 1.1.1 Introduction . 1 1.1.2 Organization 1 1.1.3 Definitions . 2 1.2 Scope . 2 1.2.1 Overview . 2 1.2.2 Additional Requirements for Very High Pressure Vessels . 3 1.2.3 Geometric Scope of This Division . 3 1.2.4 Classifications
11、 Outside the Scope of this Division 3 1.2.5 Combination Units . 4 1.2.6 Field Assembly of Vessels 4 1.2.7 Pressure Relief Devices 4 1.3 Standards Referenced by This Division . 4 1.4 Units of Measurement 4 1.5 Tolerances 4 1.6 Technical Inquires 5 1.7 Annexes . 5 2 RESPONSIBILITIES AND DUTIES 6 2.1 G
12、eneral . 6 2.2 User Responsibilities 6 2.3 Manufacturers Responsibilities . 7 2.3.1 Code Compliance . 7 2.3.2 Materials Selection 7 2.3.3 Manufacturers Design Report 7 2.3.4 Manufacturers Data Report 8 2.3.5 Manufacturers Construction Records 8 2.3.6 Quality Control System . 8 2.3.7 Certification of
13、 Subcontracted Services 8 2.3.8 Inspection and Examination 9 2.3.9 Application of Certification Mark . 9 2.4 The Inspector . 9 2.5 Criteria and Commentary Tables . 13 3 MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS . 15 3.1 General Requirements . 15 3.2 Materials Permitted for Construction of Vessel Parts 15 3.3 Supplemen
14、tal Requirements for Ferrous Materials . 16 3.4 Supplemental Requirements for Cr-Mo Steels 17 3.5 Supplemental Requirements for Q logical paragraph numbering system and single column format, Many of these enhancements identified by users were included in the first release of Section VIII, Division 2
15、 in 2007. After publication of Section VIII, Division 2, ASME contracted with the Equity Engineering Group, Inc. to develop the ASME Section VIII, Division 2 Criteria and Commentary. Valuable background information is provided in this document to assist users in using the Code. In addition, the Crit
16、eria and Commentary also ensures that the technology introduced into the Code is properly documented. PTB-1-2014 xiii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The original manuscript for this document started as an update to Chapter 22 in the Third Edition of K.R. Raos publication entitled Companion Guide to the ASME Boile
17、r David Osage who developed Part 4; Robert Brown who developed Part 5; Clay Rodery who developed Parts 6 and 7; and Philip Henry who developed Part 9. Guido Karcher provided valuable comments and corrections as the final editor for Chapter 22. The ASME Section VIII, Division 2 Criteria and Commentar
18、y, represents a significant update to the background material originally provided in Chapter 22. Additional details, insights into Committee decisions, and analytical derivations of much of the key technology features are provided. The Equity Engineering Group, Inc. contributed significant resources
19、 to the development of the Criteria and Commentary. In particular: Jeffery Brubaker provided assistance in the documentation of the toughness rules of Part 3; Jeremy Staats reviewed the work of Pellini and developed the documentation for operation on the lower-shelf; James Sowinski developed the bac
20、kground material for conical transition without knuckles or flares in Part 4; Dr. Warren Brown provided background information on both current and future directions for the flange design rules; Dr. Zhenning Cao developed the theory and documentation for the stress analysis of conical transitions wit
21、h knuckles and flares in Part 4 as well as the overview of the Structural Stress and Master Curve approach for the fatigue evaluation of welds in Part 5; Joel Andreani provided background material covering the development of the load factors in Part 5; and Robert Brown assisted in the development of
22、 Part 5. A special commendation for technology development for the new Section VIII, Division 2 is extended to Dr. Martin Prager of MPC and WRC. Dr. Prager developed many key technology features of the Code including a new universal stress-strain curve that is used for Design-By-Analysis in Part 5 a
23、nd also for design for external pressure. This stress-strain curve model replaces the A-B Charts in Section II Part D. Dr. Prager developed the material models used in conjunction with the API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 FAD assessment technology for the evaluation of crack-like flaws to develop the new toughn
24、ess rules of Part 3 that is based on a 20 ft-lb criteria similar to European practice. He also developed the technology for the new strain-based Protection Against Local Failure in Part 5. Together with Dr. Pingsha Dong, Dr. Prager was instrumental in introducing and incorporating the new Structural
25、 Stress and Master Fatigue Curve approach for the evaluation of welded joints. This new method is considered state-of-the-art for fatigue assessment of welded joints; it first appears in a code and standards environment in Section VIII, Division 2 and API 579-1/ASME FFS-1. Dr. Prager is currently wo
26、rking to develop new creep-fatigue interaction rules that may be published in future editions of VIII-2. The authors acknowledge the following individuals for their technical and editorial peer review of this document: Gabriel Aurioles, Ramsey Mahadeen, and Jay Vattappilly. Finally, the authors woul
27、d also like to commend the efforts of Tiffany Shaughnessy for her editing and document preparation skills in the publication of this document and Debbie Samodell for her work in producing the graphic images used in most of the figures. PTB-1-2014 xiv ORGANIZATION AND USE The 2009 Edition of the ASME
28、 B Introduction; Organization of the standard Paragraph 1.2 Scope Paragraph 1.3 Reference Standards Paragraph 1.4 Units of Measurement Paragraph 1.5 Tolerances Paragraph 1.6 Technical Inquiries Paragraph 1.7 Tables Annex 1-A Deleted Annex 1-B Definitions Annex 1-C Guidance for the Use of US Customar
29、y and SI Units in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes 1.1.2 Organization The requirements of VIII-2, are contained in the nine Sections listed below. Each of these Sections and related Annexes is composed of paragraphs that are identified by an alphanumeric numbering system in accordance with
30、the ISO Standard Template for the Preparation of Normative-Type Documents. References to paragraphs are made directly by reference to the paragraph number. For example, the Scope is referenced as paragraph 1.2. a) Section 1 General Requirements: provides the scope of VIII-2 and establishes the exten
31、t of coverage. b) Section 2 Responsibilities and Duties: sets forth the responsibilities of the user and Manufacturer, and the duties of the Inspector. c) Section 3 Material Requirements: provides the permissible materials of construction, applicable material specifications, and special requirements
32、, physical properties, allowable stresses, and design fatigue curves. d) Section 4 Design By Rule Requirements: provides requirements for design of vessels and components using rules. e) Section 5 Design By Analysis Requirements: provides requirements for design of vessels and components using analy
33、tical methods. f) Section 6 Fabrication Requirements: provides requirements governing the fabrication of vessels and parts of vessels. g) Section 7 Examination and Inspection Requirements: provides requirements governing the examination and inspection of vessels and parts of vessels. h) Section 8 Pr
34、essure Testing Requirements: provides pressure testing requirements for fabricated vessels. i) Section 9 Pressure Vessel Overpressure Protection: provides rules for pressure relief devices. The organization within each section is as follows: a) Rules and requirements organized in paragraphs using th
35、e ISO numbering system PTB-1-2014 2 b) Nomenclature c) Tables d) Figures e) Normative Annexes (mandatory) f) Informative Annexes (non-mandatory) Mandatory and non-mandatory requirements are provided as normative and informative annexes, respectively, to the specific Part under consideration. The Nor
36、mative Annexes address specific subjects not covered elsewhere in this Division and their requirements are mandatory when the subject covered is included in construction under this Division. The Informative Annexes provide information and suggested good practices. Unlike all of the other ASME BPV St
37、andards, VIII-2 has been published in single column format, which facilitates use of the standard in electronic form, since its initial release in 2007. A detailed Table of Contents precedes each Part, and each is numbered independently of each other. 1.1.3 Definitions The definitions for the termin
38、ology are provided in Annex 1-B. 1.2 Scope 1.2.1 Overview Part 1, paragraph 1.2 defines the scope of coverage for VIII-2. The term scope refers to both the type of pressure equipment being considered in the development of these rules, as well as the geometric scope of the vessel that is stamped with
39、 the Certification Mark and U2 Designator as meeting VIII-2. In accordance with Part 1, paragraph 1.2.1.1, pressure vessels are defined as containers for the containment of pressure, internal or external. This pressure may be obtained from any external source, or by the application of heat from a di
40、rect or indirect source, as a result of a process, or any combination thereof. The manner in which the scope of the standard is described follows very closely to the introduction section of VIII-1. In the following paragraphs, a discussion of requirements is provided only where a significant differe
41、nce exists between VIII-2 and the scope definition from VIII-1, or where a major change was made from Old VIII-2. With regard to pressure vessels installed in non-stationary applications, Part 1, paragraph 1.2.1.2.b now permits stamping with the Certification Mark and U2 Designator of VIII-2 vessels
42、 installed on motor vehicles and railway cars. This particular application was prohibited in the Old VIII-2. Construction and stamping with the Certification Mark and U2 Designator of VIII-2 vessels in non-stationary applications requires a prior written agreement with the local jurisdictional autho
43、rity covering operation and maintenance control for a specific service. This operation and maintenance control must be retained during the useful life of the pressure vessel by the user in conformance with the Users Design Specification. Part 1, paragraph 1.2.1.2.e defines pressure vessels in which
44、steam is generated but which are not classified as Unfired Steam Boilers that require construction in accordance with the rules of Section I or VIII-1. A third category for a vessel that generates steam that may be constructed to VIII-2 was added, paragraph 1.2.1.2.e.3: vessels in which steam is gen
45、erated but not withdrawn for external use. One significant difference between VIII-2 and the Old VIII-2 is special service vessels such as those in lethal service. In Old VIII-2, paragraph AG-301.1(c), the user and/or his designated agent had to define in the UDS if a vessel was intended for lethal
46、service. If lethal service was specified, then additional PTB-1-2014 3 technical requirements (e.g. enhanced NDE, restrictions on material, etc.) were imposed on this vessel. In VIII-2, additional requirements are not specified for lethal service or any other special service condition. The rationale
47、 behind this change is that the user and/or his designated agent are responsible to describe in the UDS (see Part 2, paragraph 2.2.2), the intended operation of the vessel, and if a vessel is intended for a service that is dangerous to life and property, then the user should specify any additional r
48、equirements to mitigate the risks. Just as it has been the rule in ASME that its standards would not define when a vessel is in lethal service, what additional requirements would be appropriate for any given vessel are best defined by the user, and not by the Committee. 1.2.2 Additional Requirements
49、 for Very High Pressure Vessels The rules of VIII-2 do not specify a limitation on pressure but are not all-inclusive for all types of construction. For very high pressures, additions to these rules may be required to meet the design principles and construction practices essential to vessels for such pressures. However, only in the event that, after application of additional design principles and construction practices, the vessel still complies with all of the requirements of the Code, may it be stamped with the Certification M
