1、Guide for ASME BPVCSection I Stamp Holders PTB-11-2017ASMEPTB-11-2017 GUIDE FOR ASME BPVC SECTION I STAMP HOLDERS USE OF ASME SECTION I TO MEET THE EC PRESSURE EQUIPMENT DIRECTIVE (2014/68/EU) Prepared by: Elmar Upitis Ambitech Engineering Corporation ii Date of Issuance: June 9, 2017 This report wa
2、s prepared by ASME Standards Technology, LLC (“ASME ST-LLC”) and sponsored by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (“ASME”) Pressure Technology Codes the last Annex (Annex VI) lists the correlation between the articles in Directives 97/23/EC and 2014/68/EU. The listing of all Articles and An
3、nexes in PED 2014/68/EU is provided in Appendix B of this Guide. Appendix C presents a flowchart of the PED. PTB-11-2017: Guide for ASME BPVC Section I Stamp Holders 8 4 SCOPE (ARTICLES 1, 2, AND 4 OF THE PED) 4.1 Scope (Article 1-1 of the PED) The PED embraces all Pressure Equipment subject to an i
4、nternal pressure of gas or liquid above 0.5 bar. It applies to new Equipment fabricated in the EU (and to new or used Equipment imported from countries outside the EU). In-service inspection of operating equipment is covered in the national regulations of each EU country. (It is not intended to deve
5、lop an EU Directive covering in-service inspection.) All materials, metallic and nonmetallic, are considered. This scope is very wide as it covers any pressure containment above 0.5 bar from simple pressure- cookers to large water-tube boilers. 4.2 Types of Equipment Covered (Article 2 and Article 4
6、 of the PED) In the PED, the term Pressure Equipment covers the four following types: Vessel: a component intended to contain a fluid (gas or liquid) above 0.5 bar. This covers what was formerly called pressure vessels (unfired or fired). Piping: a component intended for the transport of fluids. Saf
7、ety accessories: devices designed to protect the Equipment. Pressure accessories: devices with an operational function and subject to pressure (such as valves, pressure regulators, pressure gauges, filters, expansion joints, etc.). Components (such as covers, collars, gaskets, flanges, bolts, and no
8、zzles) are not considered as pressure accessories and cannot bear the CE Marking. PED covers also Assemblies made of several parts of Pressure Equipment, assembled by the Manufacturer to constitute an integrated and functional whole, such as boilers. These Assemblies are mentioned several times thro
9、ughout the PED and are covered in Appendix H of this Guide. Only the above four types of Pressure Equipment (plus Assemblies) can bear the CE Marking and have the free movement throughout EU. Equipment subject to 0.5 bar or less are not regulated by the PED, as they do not present a significant haza
10、rd. 4.3 PED Exclusions (Article 1-2 of the PED) Because the scope is very wide, many exclusions are listed in the PED. They are of three types: (a) Specific Equipment (e.g., pipelines, water networks, and nuclear sector), which are too difficult to regulate and is more properly addressed by the memb
11、er State concerned. (b) Equipment already covered by other Directives (e.g., Simple Pressure Vessels, Aerosol Dispensers, and Transportation of Dangerous Goods) PTB-11-2017: Guide for ASME BPVC Section I Stamp Holders 9 (c) Equipment that does not present significant hazards due to pressure (e.g., m
12、otor vehicles, tires, and gaseous bottles). These are covered by Type approval directives. A list of these exclusions is provided in Appendix D of this Guide. PTB-11-2017: Guide for ASME BPVC Section I Stamp Holders 10 5 CLASSIFICATION OF PRESSURE EQUIPMENT (ARTICLE 4, ARTICLE 13, ANNEX 1, AND ANNEX
13、 II OF THE PED) 5.1 Level of Hazards in Pressure Equipment The primary goal of the Directive is to prevent potential hazards due to internal pressure in pressure equipment. The pressure equipment referred to in Article 4 of the PED is classified by Category in accordance with Annex II, according to
14、an ascending level of hazard. Several levels of hazards are considered in the PED, which have practical consequences for the Equipment both for the stringency of the ESR and CA Procedures to be carried out. “Levels” are not used in the PED, but are used in the Guide to help explain the various Categ
15、ories and those areas outside the numbered Categories. Level 1 The pressure is 0.5 bar or lower: There is no significant hazard, and the equipment is outside the scope of the PED. Level 2 The pressure is above 0.5 bar, which does not require a CA. This is generally referred to as “Sound Engineering
16、Practice (SEP) of the Member State,“ which defines the threshold above which the Equipment is classified in Hazard Categories I, II, III, or IV. Level 3 The pressure hazard level is low: The equipment is classified in Hazard Category I. There is no intervention of the NB. Level 4 The pressure hazard
17、 level is moderate: The equipment is classified in Hazard Category II. The NB will check the Fabrication. Level 5 The pressure hazard level is high: The equipment is classified in Hazard Category III. The NB will check the Design and the Fabrication. Level 6 The pressure hazard level is very high: T
18、he equipment is classified in Hazard Category IV. The NB will perform increased checks of the Design and Fabrication. Therefore, there are two main cases for Pressure Equipment: (a) Equipment categorized as Levels 1 and 2. (b) Equipment categorized as Levels 3 to 6. 5.2 Sound Engineering Practice (S
19、EP) (Article 4-3 of the PED) This concerns all the equipment that is at or below the thresholds defined in Article 4-3 of the PED (see Fig. 5-1 in this Guide). These thresholds depend on the type of the Equipment, the dangerousness of the fluid, and the pressure (PS) and volume (V) of the Equipment.
20、 Pressure equipment and assemblies below or equal to the limits set out in Article 4, paragraph 3 shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with SEP of a Member State in order to ensure a safe life. Such equipment: (a) Is not subject to the ESR: it must be constructed in accordance with SEP.
21、(b) Is not subject to the CA Procedures. (c) Is not subject to the Declaration of Conformity: it must only bear the identification of the manufacturer and be accompanied by instructions for use. (d) Must not bear the CE Marking; however, it has the benefit of the free movement throughout the EU. 5.3
22、 Equipment in Categories I to IV (Article 4-1 of the PED) Equipment that is above the thresholds defined in Article 4-3 of the PED is classified in Category I to IV, depending on their level of hazard. This Equipment: PTB-11-2017: Guide for ASME BPVC Section I Stamp Holders 11 (a) is subject to ESR
23、(b) is subject to the CA Procedure (c) is subject to the Declaration of Conformity (d) must bear the CE Marking (e) has free movement throughout the EU Hazard categories depend on the following factors. (a) Type of Equipment: Vessel (fired on unfired), Piping, Safety Accessory, Pressure Accessory. (
24、b) Nature of Fluid: (1) Gas in the sense of the PED (Article 4-l.l(a) of the PED): gas (vapor pressure greater than 0.5 bar), liquefied gas (vapor pressure equal to or less than 0.5 bar), gas dissolved under pressure, vapors, etc. (2) Liquid in the sense of the PED (Article 4-l.l(b) of the PED): liq
25、uids having a vapor pressure 0.5 bar. Figure 5-1: Category for Vessel Containing a Dangerous Gas Note: Refer To Table 1 of the PED (c) Dangerousness of the fluid, which is classified into two groups (Article 13-1(a) of the PED): (1) Group 1: Most dangerous fluids (explosives, flammable, toxic, oxidi
26、zing, pyrophoric). (2) Group 2: Less dangerous fluids (all others). (d) Operations conditions characterized by the maximum allowable pressure, PS, and the internal volume, V (for Vessels), or the nominal diameter, DN (for Piping). PTB-11-2017: Guide for ASME BPVC Section I Stamp Holders 12 The hazar
27、d categories are defined in the PED by graphs (Tables 1 through 9 of Annex II of the PED). How to determine the hazard category is explained as follows for each type of Equipment. 5.4 Vessels Not Subject to Fire or Heat (Article 4-1(a) of the PED) Figure 4-1 enables the determination of the Hazard C
28、ategory of a vessel “not fired, nor heated with a risk of overheating” containing a dangerous (Group 1) gas, as a function of internal volume, V, and maximum allowable pressure, PS. NOTE: If the vessel is composed of several chambers, the determination of the Hazard Category must be performed for ea
29、ch chamber and the higher hazard category is to be used. The volume, V, to be used is the total internal volume of the vessel or the chamber (not the volume occupied by the fluid). Each demarcation line pertains to the lower hazard category. Three additional graphs, given by Tables 2, 3, and 4 of th
30、e PED (Annex II), cover vessels containing a (a) Non-dangerous (Group 2) gas (Table 2) (b) Dangerous (Group 1) liquid (Table 3) (c) Non-dangerous (Group 2) liquid (Table 4). 5.5 Vessels Subject to Fire or Heat (Article 4-1(b) of the PED) This covers vessels subject to fire (e.g., boilers) and vessel
31、s subject to heat with the risk of overheating (e.g., pressure-cookers) intended for generation of steam or superheated water (at T 110C, or 230F). This is a non-dangerous liquid (Group 2), and only one graph (Table 5 of the PED) is sufficient to determine the Category. 5.6 Piping (Article 4-1(c) As
32、 for unfired vessels, four graphs are also necessary to determine the Category of piping given by Tables 6, 7, 8, and 9 of the PED. 5.7 Safety Accessories (Article 4-1(d), Annex ll-2 of the PED) According to the Category of the Equipment on which the safety accessory is fitted, the following two cas
33、es are possible. (a) The pressure equipment and assemblies are below or equal to the limits in paragraphs 1(a), 1(b), or 1(c) and in paragraph 2. (Article 4-3 of the PED). The safety accessories shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with SEP instead of ESR. No CA and no CE Marking is requ
34、ired. (b) The Equipment is in Category I, II, III, or IV (Annex II-2 of the PED). Two cases are possible: (1) The accessory is fabricated specifically for the Pressure Equipment: The safety accessory is in the same Category as the Equipment, (2) The accessory is not fabricated specifically for the P
35、ressure Equipment: The accessory is classified in Category IV. 5.8 Pressure Accessories (Article 4-1(d), Annex ll-3 of the PED) According to the Hazard Category of the Pressure Equipment on which the Pressure Accessory is fitted, the following two cases are possible. (a) SEP (Article 4-3 of the PED)
36、. The pressure accessories on equipment and assemblies that are below or equal to the limits in paragraphs 1(a), 1(b), or 1(c) and in paragraph 2. The accessories PTB-11-2017: Guide for ASME BPVC Section I Stamp Holders 13 shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with SEP instead of ESR. No
37、CA and no CE Marking is required. SEP equipment must not bear CE marking. (b) The Equipment is in Hazard Category I, II, III, or IV. The Accessory is classified using its pressure, PS, and its volume, V (using Table 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 of the PED, as appropriate), or its nominal diameter, DN, (using Ta
38、ble 6, 7, 8, or 9 of the PED, as appropriate). NOTE: If both V and DN are considered appropriate to define the Accessory, it is classified in the higher Hazard Category. 5.9 Summary The Hazard Category system forms the cornerstone of the PED both on technical and legal aspects. The Hazard Category h
39、as a significant impact on: (a) The severity level of the ESR applicable to the Equipment. (b) The stringency level of the CA Procedure to be performed by the NB and the Manufacturer. (c) Tables 19 of the PED are provided in Appendix E of this Guide. PTB-11-2017: Guide for ASME BPVC Section I Stamp
40、Holders 14 6 CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT (CA) PROCEDURES (ARTICLE 14, ANNEX III OF THE PED) 6.1 Introduction (a) Any product regulated by a European Directive is subject to a CA to ensure that it complies with all the requirements of the PED, generally under the responsibility of a NB (Article 14 of the P
41、ED). (b) Thirteen CA Procedures that are proposed conform to the following principles (see Figure 5-1 of this Guide). Figure 6-1: Relation of CA Procedures to Categories CATEGORY CA PROCEDURES I Module A II Modules A2, D1, E1 III Modules B (design type) + D, B (design type) + F, B (production type)
42、+ E, B (production type) + C2, H IV Module B (production type) + D, B (production type) + F, G, H1 (1) The procedures are divided into a design phase and a production phase. (2) In each phase, the roles and responsibilities of the Manufacturer and the NB are detailed. (3) Some procedures are better
43、adapted to single production (procedures G, H). Others are better adapted to production type (procedures B+C, B+E, B+F, B+D). In this case the procedure is divided in two modules covering separately the design phase and the production phase. (4) The Manufacturer always has the choice between (i) CA
44、Procedure without a QA system: the NB will check the product itself. (ii) CA Procedure requiring a QA system: the NB will check the QA system more than the product itself. (5) The seven CA Procedures of Figure 5-1 of this Guide imply an increasing involvement of the NB from procedure A to procedure
45、H, depending on the level of hazard presented by the Equipment covered by the Directive. (6) Each Manufacturer must select a CA Procedure among these seven procedures. Their application is mandatory for affixing the CE Marking (Article 14 of the PED). 6.2 General Concept (a) The PED uses these seven
46、 CA procedures (A to H) plus six additional ones (which are identified in Figure 5-3 of this Guide), making a total of 13 procedures. The multiplicity of these procedures results from the consensus between 15 countries and is justified by: (1) diversity of types of Pressure Equipment, (2) diversity
47、of means of production (unit production, series production, with or without QA system), (3) diversity of hazard levels presented by these Equipment, which has led to four Hazard Categories in the PED. Figure 5-3 of this Guide shows a general overview of these CA Procedures. (b) In each Hazard Catego
48、ry one or several CA Procedures, of equivalent stringency, are proposed to the Manufacturer, depending on production (single or series) and if there is a QA system (see Figure 5-2). PTB-11-2017: Guide for ASME BPVC Section I Stamp Holders 15 When the Hazard Category increases, the requirements of th
49、e procedures become more severe and there is more involvement of the NB: Category I No intervention by the NB (Module A). Category II No intervention by the NB at Design phase, but surveillance by the NB during production phase (A2), or surveillance by the NB of QA system (D1, E1). Category III Design examination by the NB and final assessment of the equipment: B (production type) + C2, B (design type) + F. Surveillance of the QA system: B (production type) + E, B (design type) + D, H. Category IV Increased intervention of the NB: B (production type) + D, B (production t
