1、Designation: A 1000 05Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring Quality1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 1000; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a quality of round and shapedplain carbon and alloy steel spring wire, uniform in quality andtemper
3、, intended for the manufacture of mechanical springsthat can withstand moderate fatigue stresses over some rela-tively low number of cycles. The quality level is between thecommercial quality grades of wire such as SpecificationsA 401/A 401M, A 231/A 231M, and A 229/A 229M and thevalve spring qualit
4、y grades such Specifications as A 230/A 230M, A 232/A 232M, A 877/A 877M and A 878/A 878M.It is similar to the grade TD (referenced in EN 10270-2)intended for medium fatigue levels, such as required for clutchsprings. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition
5、 as specified by purchaser.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values statedin each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem must be used independent o
6、f the other.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 229/A 229M Specification for Steel Wire, Oil-Temperedfor Mechanical SpringsA 230/A 230M Specification for Steel Wire, Oil-TemperedCarbon Valve Spring QualityA 231/A 231M Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Al-loy Steel Spring WireA 232/A 232M
7、Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Al-loy Steel Valve Spring Quality WireA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 401/A 401M Specification for Steel Wire, Chrome-Silicon AlloyA 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for Domesti
8、c ShipmentA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA 877/A 877M Specification for Steel Wire, Chrome-Silicon Alloy Valve Spring QualityA 878/A 878M Specification for Steel Wire, ModifiedChromium Vanadium Valve Spring QualityA 941 Terminology Relating to St
9、eel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE45 Practice for Determining the Inclusion Content ofSteel2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)32.3 Military
10、Standard:MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-ment and Storage32.4 AIAG Standard:AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli-cation Standard42.5 European Standard:EN 10270-2 Steel Wire for Mechanical Springs Part 2:Oil-Hardened and Tempered Springsteel Wire of Unal-loyed
11、and Alloyed Steels53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this specification, seeTerminology A 941.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 commercial quality wirea grade of wire that is fairlycommon quality and intended for applications that are prima-ri
12、ly static in nature, not involving significant fatigue loading.4. Ordering Information4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specifyall requirements that are necessary for material under this1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel
13、and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published January 2005. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as A 1000 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.a
14、stm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-
15、50984Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48034.5Available from European Committee for Standardization, rue de Stassart36,B-1050 Brussels1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100
16、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.specification. Such requirements may include, but are notlimited to the following,4.1.1 Quantity (mass),4.1.2 Name of material (chromium-silicon alloy steel spe-cialty spring quality wire),4.1.3 Dimensions (Table 1 and S
17、ection 9)4.1.4 Condition (Section 7),4.1.5 Packaging (Section 15),4.1.6 Heat analysis report, if requested (6.2),4.1.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Sec-tion 14), and4.1.8 ASTM designation and year of issue.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 20 000-kgoil-tempe
18、red chromium-silicon alloy steel specialty spring quality wire,size 6.00 mm in 1500-kg coils to ASTM _ dated _, or for inch-poundunits, 40 000-lb. oil-tempered chromium-silicon alloy steel specialtyspring quality wire, size 0.250 in. in 3000-lb coils to ASTM_dated _.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 T
19、he steel may be made by any commercially acceptedsteel making process. The steel may be either ingot cast orstrand cast.5.2 The finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipeand undue segregation.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemicalcomposition specif
20、ied in Table 2.6.2 Heat AnalysisEach heat of steel shall be analyzed bythe manufacturer to determine the percentage of elementsprescribed in Table 2. This analysis shall be made from a testspecimen preferably taken during the pouring of the heat.When requested, this shall be reported to the purchase
21、r andshall conform to the requirements of Table 2.6.3 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by thepurchaser from finished wire representing each heat of steel.The average of all the separate determinations made shall bewithin the limits specified in the analysis column.6.4 For referee purposes, Te
22、st Methods, Practices, andTerminology A 751 shall be used.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Annealed and Cold DrawnWhen purchased in theannealed and cold-drawn condition, the wire shall have beengiven a sufficient amount of cold working to meet the purchas-ers coiling requirements and shall be in a suitab
23、le condition torespond properly to heat treatment. In special cases thehardness, if desired, shall be stated in the purchase order.7.2 Oil Tempered:7.2.1 Tensile Strength and %RA, Round WireWhen pur-chased in the oil-tempered condition, the tensile strength andminimum percent reduction in area of ro
24、und wire, sizes 2.50mm (0.105 in.) and larger shall conform to the requirementsprescribed in Tables 3-6.7.2.2 Tensile Strength, Shaped and Flat WireTensilestrength of shaped and flat rolled wires shall conform to thesetables based on the conversion to equivalent round dimensions.Percent reduction of
25、 area is not applicable to shaped and flatrolled wires.7.2.3 Tensile Strength VariationIn addition, the maximumtensile variation in a coil shall be 70 Mpa (10 KSI).NOTE 2Any specimen breaking in the tensile grips shall be discardedand a new specimen tested if the specified mechanical properties are
26、notachieved. If breakage in the tensile grips prevents conformance to percentreduction in area requirements, conformance to the wrap test (see 7.3)shall suffice.7.2.4 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a givenlot shall be t
27、ested.7.2.5 Location of TestsTest specimens shall be taken foreach five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a givenlot shall be tested.7.2.6 Test MethodThe tension test shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.7.3 Wrap Test:7.3.1 Round oil tempered wire 4.00
28、mm (0.156 in.) orsmaller in diameter shall wrap on itself as an arbor withoutbreakage. Larger diameter wire up to and including 8.00 mm(0.312 in.) shall wrap without breakage on a mandrel twice thewire diameter. The wrap test is not applicable to wire over 8.00mm (0.312 in.) in diameter or to shaped
29、 and flat rolled wires.7.3.2 The special high tensile chrome silicon vanadiumgrade of round oil tempered wire 4.00 mm (0.156 in.) orsmaller in diameter shall wrap on a mandrel twice the diameterwithout breakage. Larger diameter wire up to and including8.00 mm (0.312 in.) shall wrap without breakage
30、on a mandrelthree times the wire diameter. The wrap test is not applicable towire over 8.00 mm (0.312 in.) in diameter or to shaped and flatrolled wires.7.3.3 Test MethodThe wrap test shall be made in accor-dance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.TABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Wire Dimensio
31、ns (Round andShapes)ASI UnitsDimension, mmPermissible Varia-tions, 6 mmPermissible Out-Of-Round, mm0.5 to 2.0, incl 0.02 0.02Over 2.0 to 4.0, incl 0.03 0.03Over 4.0 to 9.5, incl 0.04 0.04Over 9.5 0.05 0.05Inch-Pound UnitsDimension, in.Permissible Varia-tions, 6 in.Permissible Out-Of-Round, in.0.020
32、to 0.075, incl 0.0008 0.0008Over 0.075 to 0.148, incl 0.001 0.001Over 0.148 to 0.375, incl 0.0015 0.0015Over 0.375 0.002 0.002Permissible Variations in Wire Dimensions (Flat Rolled)ASI UnitsDimension, mmThicknessPermissible Varia-tions, 6 mmWidthPermissible Varia-tions, mmAll 0.05 0.120Inch-Pound Un
33、itsDimension, in.ThicknessPermissible Varia-tions, 6 in.WidthPermissible Varia-tions, in.All 0.002 0.005AFor purposes of determining conformance with this specification, all specifiedlimits are absolute as defined in Practice E29.A10000528. Metallurgical Requirements8.1 Surface Condition:8.1.1 The s
34、urface of the wire as received shall be free ofimperfections such as seams, pits, die marks, scratches, andother surface defects that are deeper than 1 % of the wirediameter for round wire or 1 % of the equivalent rounddiameter for shaped and flat rolled wire.8.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen s
35、hall be takenfrom each end of every coil.8.1.3 Test MethodThe surface shall be examined afteretching in a solution of equal parts of hydrochloric acid andwater that has been heated to approximately 80C for asufficient length of time to remove up to approximately 1 % ofthe diameter of the wire. Test
36、ends shall be examined using103 magnification.8.1.4 Eddy Current TestingUpon the agreement of theproducer and the purchaser, round wire 3.0 mm (0.120 in.) andlarger shall be 100 % eddy current tested with a rotary probe ora stationary coil, or both. The depth of surface defects to bedetected shall a
37、lso be agreed upon by the producer andpurchaser. Defects equal to or deeper than this depth shall bemarked with some means of identification, such as ink or paint,to facilitate removal at a later stage in the processing.8.2 Decarburization:8.2.1 Transverse sections of the wire when properlymounted,
38、polished and etched shall show maximum completedecarburization of 0.3 % of the wire diameter for round wiresand 0.3 % of the equivalent round for shaped and flat rolledTABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsAnalysis, %Grade AChromium-SiliconGrade BCarbonGrade CChromium-VanadiumGrade DChromium-Silicon-Vanadium
39、Carbon 0.51 to 0.59 0.55 to 0.75 0.60 to 0.70 0.55 to 0.68Manganese 0.50 to 0.80 0.60 to 0.90 0.50 to 0.90 0.50 to 0.90Phosphorus 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 maxSulfur 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 maxSilicon 1.20 to 1.60 0.15 to 0.30 0.15 to 0.30 1.20 to 1.65Chromium 0.60 to 0.80A0.35
40、 to 0.60 0.50 to 0.80VanadiumAA0.10 to 0.25 0.08 to 0.25ANot required.TABLE 3 Tensile and % RA RequirementsA(Chrome Silicon)SI UnitsDiameter, mm MPa, min MPa, max Reduction of Area0.5 2100 2280B1.0 2070 2240B1.5 2030 2210B2.0 2000 2140B2.5 1965 2105 453.0 1930 2070 454.0 1900 2040 404.5 1830 1970 40
41、5.0 1810 1950 405.5 1790 1930 406.5 1760 1900 408.0 1730 1870 409.5 1690 1830 4011.0 1660 1800 3512.5 1630 1770 3514.0 1610 1750 3016.0 1590 1730 30Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter, in. ksi, min ksi, max Reduction of area, min %0.020 305 330B0.040 300 325B0.060 295 320B0.080 290 310B0.105 284 304 450.120 28
42、0 300 450.156 275 295 400.177 265 285 400.200 263 283 400.218 260 280 400.250 255 275 400.312 250 270 400.375 245 265 400.438 240 260 350.500 235 255 350.562 233 253 300.625 231 251 30ATensile strength values for intermediate diameters may be interpolated.BThe reduction of area test is not applicabl
43、e to wire under 2.5 mm (0.105 in.).TABLE 4 Tensile and % RA RequirementsA(Carbon)SI UnitsDiameter, mm MPa, min MPa, max Reduction of area0.5 2100 2070B1.0 1860 2030B2.0 1790 1960B2.5 1760 1900 453.0 1720 1860 454.0 1650 1790 404.5 1580 1720 405.5 1510 1650 406.5 1480 1620 408.0 1450 1590 409.5 1410
44、1550 4012.5 1380 1520 3516.0 1350 1490 30Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter, in. kSI, min kSI, maxReduction of area,min %0.020 275 300B0.040 270 295B0.080 260 285B0.105 255 275 450.120 250 270 450.156 240 260 400.177 235 255 400.218 225 245 400.250 215 235 400.312 210 230 400.375 205 225 400.500 200 220 350.6
45、25 195 215 30ATensile strength values for intermediate diameters may be interpolated.BThe reduction of area test is not applicable to wire under 2.5 mm (.105 in.).A1000053wire. Partial decarburization should not exceed a depth of1.5 % of the diameter for round wires and 1.5 % of theequivalent round
46、diameter for shaped and flat rolled wire.8.2.2 Test MethodDecarburization shall be determined byetching a suitably polished transverse section of wire withnital. The entire periphery to be examined should be in a singleplane with no edge rounding.8.2.3 The entire periphery shall be examined at a mag
47、nifi-cation of no less than 1003 for depth of free ferrite and totalaffected depth. Smaller wire sizes may require higher magni-fication. Measure the worst area present excluding decarbur-ization associated with seams or other surface imperfections,Complete decarburization exists when only free ferr
48、ite ispresent. Partial decarburization exists when ferrite is foundmixed with pearlite or tempered martensite. Structures of100 % tempered martensite shall be defined as not decarbur-ized.8.2.4 Decarburization shall be checked on annealed wire bygiving a wire sample an austenitize, oil quench and te
49、mper heattreatment. A flat shall be ground on the sample prior to heattreatment. The flat shall have a minimum width equal to onehalf of the wire diameter. Any decarburization visible on thisground section shall necessitate a retest with new samples. Ifno decarburization is visible on the ground flat, evaluate thecomplete wire section in accordance with 8.2.3.8.3 Inclusion Content:8.3.1 Restrictions on inclusion content may be agreed uponby the producer and the purchaser. It is recommended thatmethods be used that are relevant for spring wire applicationssu
