1、Designation: A 1030/A 1030M 05Standard Practice forMeasuring Flatness Characteristics of Steel Sheet Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 1030/A 1030M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 Flatness is a significant quality characteristic of steelsheet products. Sheet flatness is affected by mill p
3、rocess factorsplus the grade, thickness and width of the material supplied. Itis the purpose of this practice to define the different flatnesscharacteristics and to describe the method(s) most commonlyused to measure particular characteristics. The methods de-scribed are designed and intended to be
4、used in mill situationsand environments.1.2 The substrate shall conform to all the requirements ofthe appropriate specifications as follows: Specifications A 568/A 568M or A 924/A 924M.1.3 Quantitative limits are not addressed and are establishedin the general requirements, or individual product spe
5、cifica-tions, or both; or when applicable, as agreed to betweensupplier and user.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and de
6、termine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 568/A 568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, andHigh-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled,General Requirements forA 924/A 924M Specification for General Requirements forSte
7、el Sheet, Metallic-Coated, by the Hot-Dip Process3. Significance and Use3.1 The definitions and procedures for measuring flatnesscharacteristics of steel sheet products are provided so thatpurchasers and suppliers have common definitions and mea-suring procedures for flatness characteristics. The in
8、tention ofthese definitions and measuring methods is not to provide adimensional specification for flatness characteristics, but rathercommon procedure(s) for quantifying flatness anomalies. Fordetermining compliance with flatness specifications, referencesare provided to appropriate ASTM standards.
9、4. Interferences4.1 Measurement of flatness often has been subjective, atbest. Successful measurement of various flatness anomalies onquantitative terms requires recognition of several factors thatcan interfere with accurate measurements.4.1.1 Flat surfaces are required. Measurement of severalanomal
10、ies requires laying of the sample, or a coil area, on arecognized flat surface. In most cases, laying the sample, or acoil area, on a floor will produce satisfactory results, as long asthe floor is recognized as being flat. The flatness of coil areasis also measured on the flat tables of coil proces
11、sing lines, withthe strip tension released. If the measuring surface is notrecognized as being flat, a machined flat surface is recom-mended.4.1.2 Stepblock gages or tapered gages should be checkedregularly with a calibrated hand micrometer. Wear or dirt buildup will affect accuracy.4.1.3 The flat t
12、ables of shape gages capable of measuringflatness characteristics must be clean and the sensors must bein good condition.4.1.4 The sheet sample must be damage free.5. Apparatus5.1 Appropriate tools to measure flatness anomalies aredescribed along with drawings as indicated.5.1.1 Flat SurfacesAccurat
13、e measurements of flatnessanomalies require a flat surface, machined flat preferred.5.1.2 Machined Stepblock GageSee Fig. 1. Typicallysteps are in116 in. 1 mm increments.5.1.3 Tapered GageSee Fig. 2.5.1.4 Standard Ruler or Tape Measure.5.1.5 Hand Micrometer.5.1.6 Lightweight StraightedgeRigid, but l
14、ight enoughnot to affect the test result.5.1.7 Shape gages are computer-based systems designed forflatness measurements on samples of cold rolled sheet prod-ucts. Typically these systems consist of a large steel table,1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 on Metallic-Coated
15、Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA05.07 on Methods of Testing.Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2004 asA 1030/A 1030M - 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM w
16、ebsite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
17、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Sputer-based operators console, and a motor-driven bridgecontaining LVDT position sensors to contact the strip, or lasersensors for noncontact measuring. SeeAppendix X2 for detailsof one such machine.6. Procedure6.1 Wavy Edge (see Fig.
18、 3):6.1.1 DefinitionA series of rolling direction edge devia-tions or undulations of the sheet from a recognized flat surface,having a height (H) and a measurable cycle length (L).6.1.2 Measuring Methods:6.1.2.1 With a sheet sample, or coil area, of at least 4 ft 1.2m in length by coil width on a re
19、cognized flat surface, measurethe height (H) at the peak point of each wave from therecognized flat surface with a ruler, tape measure, tapered gage,or stepblock gage.Also measure the cycle length (L) from peakto peak of each wave with a ruler or tape measure.6.1.3 Permissible Variations6.1.3.1 The
20、height (H) of the highest peak measured inaccordance with 6.1.2.1 shall comply with applicable limits,such as found in the tables on flatness tolerances of Specifica-tions A 568/A 568M or A 924/A 924M. Note that the refer-enced tables apply to cut sheet that has received adequateflattening. While th
21、e wavy edge height result from a coil areastill attached to a coil is a reasonable indication of flatness, itis not bound by the limits of the referenced tables.6.1.3.2 As stated in the section on flatness tolerances ofSpecifications A 568/A 568M or A 924/A 924M, I-Unit and %Steepness rejection limi
22、ts are subject to agreement betweenproducer and purchaser. Using the procedures ofAppendix X1,and the readings from 6.1.2.1, determine the I-Unit and %Steepness values, first using the distance between the twohighest peaks, and second using the distance between twoadjacent peaks. The highest I-Unit
23、and % Steepness valuesobtained from these two situations shall be used to determineif the specification has been met.6.1.3.3 If the I-Unit and % Steepness values are supplieddirectly using a shape gage; determine if the results are withinthe maximum specified values.6.2 Ridge Buckle, Quarter Buckle,
24、 Center Buckle (see Fig.4):6.2.1 DefinitionBuckles are continuous deviations from arecognized flat surface, having a height (H) and a measurablecycle (L), and usually occur in narrow width areas parallel tothe rolling direction other than at the sheet edges.6.2.2 Measuring Methods:6.2.2.1 With a she
25、et sample, or coil area, of at least 4 ft 1.2m by coil width resting on a recognized flat surface, place alightweight straightedge on the highest portion of a buckle andon the highest portion of the next repeating buckle. Measurethe height (H) between the straightedge and a strip using aruler, tape
26、measure, tapered gage, or stepblock gage. Measurethe cycle length (L) from peak to peak of each buckle with aruler or tape measure.6.2.2.2 In the case of a sheet sample, it is permissible toshear through the centerline of the flatness anomaly andmeasure as an edge wave (see 6.1.2.1) using a ruler, t
27、apemeasure, tapered gage, or stepblock gage.6.2.3 Permissible Variations6.2.3.1 The height (H) of the highest peak measured inaccordance with 6.2.2.1 or 6.2.2.2 shall comply with applicablelimits, such as found in the tables on flatness tolerances ofSpecifications A 568/A 568M or A 924/A 924M. Note
28、that thereferenced tables apply to cut sheet that has received adequateflattening. While the buckle height result from a coil area stillattached to a coil is a reasonable indication of flatness, it is notbound by the limits of the referenced tables.NOTE 1Stepblock gage for all thicknesses and sizes
29、of cut sheets.NOTE 2Dimensions given are approximate overall dimensions.FIG. 1 Flatness Stepblock GageNOTE 1Tapered gage for all thicknesses and sizes of cut sheets.FIG. 2 Flatness Tapered GageA 1030/A 1030M 0526.2.3.2 As stated in the section on flatness tolerances ofSpecifications A 568/A 568M or
30、A 924/A 924M, I-Unit and %Steepness rejection limits are subject to agreement betweenproducer and purchaser. Using the procedures ofAppendix X1,and the readings from 6.2.2.1 or 6.2.2.2, determine the I-Unitand % Steepness values, first using the distance between thetwo highest peaks, and second usin
31、g the distance between twoadjacent peaks. The highest I-Unit and % Steepness valuesobtained from these two situations shall be used to determineif the specification has been met.6.2.3.3 If the I-Unit and % Steepness values are supplieddirectly using a shape gage; determine if the results are withint
32、he maximum specified values.6.3 Full Center (see Fig. 5):6.3.1 DefinitionAny overall deviation of a sheet from arecognized flat surface, having a height (H) and a measurablecycle (L), and occurring over a major portion of the sheet widthparallel to the rolling direction other than at the sheet edges
33、.6.3.2 Measuring Methods:6.3.2.1 With a sheet sample, or a coil area, of at least 4 ft1.2 m by coil width resting on a recognized flat surface, placea lightweight straightedge on the highest portion of a full centerregion and on the highest portion of the next repeating regionof full center. Measure
34、 the height (H) between the straightedgeand the strip using a ruler, tape measure, tapered gage, orstepblock gage. Measure the cycle length (L) from peak topeak of a full center region with a ruler or tape measure.6.3.2.2 In the case of a sheet sample, it is permissible toshear through the centerlin
35、e of the flatness anomaly andmeasure as an edge wave (see 6.1.2.1) using a ruler, tapemeasure, tapered gage, or stepblock gage.6.3.3 Permissible Variations6.3.3.1 The height (H) of the highest peak measured inaccordance with 6.3.2.1 or 6.3.2.2 shall comply with applicablelimits, such as found in the
36、 tables on flatness tolerances ofSpecifications A 568/A 568M and A 924/A 924M. Note thatthe referenced tables apply to cut sheet that has receivedadequate flattening. While the buckle height result from a coilarea still attached to a coil is a reasonable indication of flatness,it is not bound by the
37、 limits of the referenced tables.6.3.3.2 As stated in the section on flatness tolerances ofSpecifications A 568/A 568M or A 924/A 924M, I-Unit and %Steepness rejection limits are subject to agreement betweenproducer and purchaser. Using the procedures ofAppendix X1,and the readings from 6.3.2.1 or 6
38、.3.2.2, determine the I-Unitand % Steepness values, first using the distance between thetwo highest peaks, and second using the distance between twoadjacent peaks. The highest I-Unit and % Steepness valuesobtained from these two situations shall be used to determineif the specification has been met.
39、FIG. 3 Wavy EdgeFIG. 4 Ridge Buckle, Quarter Buckle, Center BuckleA 1030/A 1030M 0536.3.3.3 If the I-Unit and % Steepness values are supplieddirectly using a shape gage; determine if the results are withinthe maximum specified values.6.4 Coil Set and Reverse Coil Set (see Fig. 6):6.4.1 DefinitionA b
40、ow condition in the sheet, parallelwith the rolling direction, as measured from a recognized flatsurface. Coil set (also known as positive coil set) curvesdownward in the same direction as the upper outside lap of anoverwound coil. Reverse coil set (also known as negative coilset) curves upward, opp
41、osite to the curvature of the upperoutside lap of an overwound coil.6.4.2 Measuring Methods:6.4.2.1 For coil set, place a sheet sample of approximately 4ft 1.2 m by coil width on a recognized flat surface. Measurethe highest rise (H) of the sheet edges from the flat surface. Usea ruler accurate to11
42、6 in. 1 mm.6.4.2.2 For reverse coil set, place an adequately leveledsheet sample of approximately 4 ft 1.2 m by coil width on arecognized flat surface. Measure the highest rise (H) of the cutend(s) of the sheet from the flat surface. Use a ruler accurate to116 in. 1 mm.6.4.3 Permissible Variations6.
43、4.3.1 The height (H) of the highest deviation measured inaccordance with 6.4.2.1 or 6.4.2.2 shall comply with applicablelimits, such as found in the tables on flatness tolerances ofSpecifications A 568/A 568M or A 924/A 924M, or a valueagreed upon between the producer and purchaser.6.5 Crossbow and
44、Reverse Crossbow (see Fig. 7):6.5.1 DefinitionA bow condition in the sheet, perpendicu-lar to the rolling direction as measured from a recognized flatsurface. Crossbow (also known as positive crossbow) curvesdownward, with the center portion of the sheet raised ameasurable amount (H) above the sheet
45、 edges. Reverse cross-bow (also known as negative crossbow) curves upward, withthe edges of the sheet raised a measurable amount (H) abovethe center portion of the sheet. The degree of cross bow isdetermined in a horizontal position on a recognized flatsurface.6.5.2 Measuring Methods:6.5.2.1 For cro
46、ssbow, place a sheet sample, or coil area, ofapproximately 4 ft 1.2 m by coil width on a recognized flatsurface. Measure the highest rise (H) of the center of the sheetfrom the flat surface. Use a ruler accurate to116 in. 1 mm.6.5.2.2 For reverse crossbow, place an adequately leveledsheet sample, or
47、 coil area, of approximately 4 ft 1.2 m by coilwidth on a recognized flat surface. Measure the highest rise (H)of the edges of the sheet from the flat surface. Use a ruleraccurate to116 in. 1 mm or a lightweight straightedge asrequired.6.5.3 Permissible Variations6.5.3.1 The height (H) of the highes
48、t deviation measured inaccordance with 6.5.2.1 or 6.5.2.2 shall comply with applicablelimits, such as found in the tables on flatness tolerances ofSpecifications A 568/A 568M or A 924/A 924M, or a valueagreed upon between the producer and purchaser.6.6 Camber (see Fig. 8):6.6.1 DefinitionThe greates
49、t deviation of a coil edge froma straight line. The measurement is taken on the concave sideand is the perpendicular distance from a straight line to thepoint of maximum deviation (A).6.6.2 Measuring Methods:6.6.2.1 Lay a sample of at least 20 ft 6 m next torecognized straightedge. The perpendicular distance (A) ismeasured using a ruler accurate to116 in. 1 mm.6.6.2.2 Cut two 20 ft 6 m consecutive sections from themaster coil. Butt together the sections lengthwise with thesame edges together. At a 10 ft 3 m distance from th
