1、Designation: A 131/A 131M 08Standard Specification forStructural Steel for Ships1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 131/A 131M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers structural steel plates, shapes,ba
3、rs, and rivets intended primarily for use in ship construction.1.2 Material under this specification is available in thefollowing categories:1.2.1 Ordinary StrengthGrades A, B, D, and E with aspecified minimum yield point of 34 ksi 235 MPa, and1.2.2 Higher StrengthGrades AH, DH, EH, and FH witha spe
4、cified minimum yield point of 46 ksi 315 MPa, 51 ksi350 MPa, or 57 ksi 390 MPa.1.3 Shapes and bars are normally available as Grades A,AH32, and AH36. Other grades may be furnished by agree-ment between the purchaser and the manufacturer.1.4 The maximum thickness of products furnished underthis speci
5、fication is 4 in. 100 mm for plates and 2 in. 50 mmfor shapes and bars.1.5 When the steel is to be welded, it is presupposed that awelding procedure suitable for the grade of steel and intendeduse or service will be utilized. See Appendix X3 of Specifica-tion A 6/A 6M for information on weldability.
6、1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values fr
7、om thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with this specifi-cation.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 6/A 6M Specification for General Requirements forRolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and SheetPilingA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel Product
8、sE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 control rolling, na steel treatment that consists offinal rolling within the range used for normalizing heattreatments so that the austenite completely recrystallizes.3.1.2 the
9、rmo-mechanical controlled processing, na steeltreatment that consists of strict control of the steel temperatureand the rolling reduction. A high proportion of the rollingreduction is to be carried out close to or below the Ar3transformation temperature and may involve rolling towardsthe lower end o
10、f the temperature range of the intercriticaldual-phase region, thus permitting little if any recrystallizationof the austenite. The process may involve accelerated coolingon completion of rolling.4. Ordering Information4.1 Specification A 6/A 6M establishes the rules for theordering information that
11、 should be complied with whenpurchasing material to this specification.4.2 Additional ordering considerations specific to this speci-fication are:4.2.1 Condition (control rolled or thermo-mechanical con-trol processed, if applicable).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Rimmed steels shall not be applied
12、.5.2 Except for Grades A and B steel, semi-killed steels shallnot be applied.5.3 Grades D, E,AH32,AH36,AH40, DH32, DH36, DH40,EH32, EH36, EH40, FH32, FH36, and FH40 shall be madeusing a fine grain practice. For ordinary-strength grades,aluminum shall be used to obtain grain refinement. For1This spec
13、ification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.02 on Structural Steel for Bridges, Buildings, Rolling Stock and Ships.Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originallyapp
14、roved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A 131/A 131M 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe A
15、STM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.higher-strength grades, aluminum, vanadium, or columbium(niobium) may be used for grain refinement.5.4 Plat
16、es in all thicknesses ordered to Grade E shall benormalized, or thermo-mechanical control processed. Platesover 138 in. 35 mm in thickness ordered to Grade D shall benormalized, control rolled, or thermo-mechanical control pro-cessed. See Table 1.5.5 Plates in all thicknesses ordered to Grades EH32
17、andEH36 shall be normalized, or thermo-mechanical controlprocessed. Plates in all thicknesses ordered to Grade EH40,FH32, FH36, and FH40 shall be normalized, thermo-mechanical control processed, or quenched and tempered.Plates ordered to Grades AH32, AH36, AH40, DH32, DH36,and DH40 shall be normaliz
18、ed, control rolled, thermo-mechanical control processed, or quenched and tempered whenso specified. See Table 2.5.6 In the case of shapes, the thicknesses referred to arethose of the flange. Heat treatment and rolling requirements forshapes and bars are given in Table 1 and Table 2.6. Chemical Requi
19、rements6.1 The heat analysis shall conform to the requirements forchemical composition given in Table 3 and Table 4.6.1.1 When specified, the steel shall conform on productanalysis to the requirements given in Table 3 and Table 4,subject to the product analysis tolerances in SpecificationA 6/A 6M.6.
20、2 For thermo-mechanical control process steel, the carbonequivalent shall be determined from the heat analysis and shallconform to the requirements given in Table 5.7. Metallurgical Structure7.1 The steel grades indicated in 5.3 shall be made to finegrain practice, and the requirements for fine aust
21、enitic grainsize in Specification A 6/A 6M shall be met.7.2 Where the use of fine grain practice using columbium,vanadium, or combinations is permitted in 5.3, one or more ofthe following shall be met:7.2.1 Minimum columbium (niobium) content of 0.020 %or minimum vanadium content of 0.050 % for each
22、 heat, or7.2.2 When vanadium and aluminum are used in combi-nation, minimum vanadium content of 0.030 % and minimumacid-soluble aluminum content of 0.010 %, or minimum totalaluminum content of 0.015 %.7.2.3 When columbium (niobium) and aluminum are usedin combination, minimum columbium (niobium) con
23、tent of0.010 % and minimum acid-soluble aluminum content of0.010 %, or minimum total aluminum content of 0.015 %.7.2.4 A McQuaid-Ehn austenitic grain size of 5 or finer inaccordance with Test Methods E112for each ladle of eachheat.8. Mechanical Requirements8.1 Tension Test:8.1.1 Except as specified
24、in the following paragraphs, thematerial as represented by the test specimens shall conform tothe tensile requirements prescribed in Table 6.8.1.1.1 Shapes less than 1 in.2645 mm2 in cross section,and bars, other than flats, less than12 in. 12.5 mm inthickness or diameter need not be subjected to te
25、nsion tests bythe manufacturer, but chemistry consistent with the requiredtensile properties must be applied.8.1.1.2 The elongation requirement of Table 6 does notapply to floor plates with a raised pattern. However, for floorplates over12 in. 12.5 mm in thickness, test specimens shallbe bent cold w
26、ith the raised pattern on the inside of thespecimen through an angle of 180 without cracking whensubjected to a bend test in which the inside diameter is threetimes plate thickness. Sampling for bend testing shall be asspecified for the tension tests in 8.1.2.8.1.2 One tension test shall be made fro
27、m each of twodifferent plates, shapes, or bars from each heat of structuralsteel unless the finished product from a heat is less than 50 tons45 Mg, in which case one tension test is sufficient. If,however, product from one heat differs38 in. 10 mm or morein thickness or diameter, one tension test sh
28、all be made fromboth the thickest and the thinnest structural product rolled,regardless of the weight mass represented.TABLE 1 Condition of Supply and Frequency of Impact Tests for Ordinary-Strength Structural SteelGrade Deoxidation ProductACondition of SupplyB(Frequency of Impact TestC)Thickness (t
29、 ), in. mmt 0.25 6.4t #1.0 25t 1.0 25t #1.375 35t 1.375 35t #2.0 50t 2.0 50t #4.0 100ASemi-Killed AllA()NADKilledPN()E, TM (), CR (50 45),AR (50 45)S NADBSemi-Killed AllA () A (50 45)NADKilledPN (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (25 23), AR (25 23)S NADDKilled, Fine GrainPracticePA (50 45), N (50 45)N (50 45),
30、TM (50 45),CR (50 45)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (25 23)S NADEKilled, Fine GrainPracticeP N (P), TM (P) N (P), TM (P)S N (25 23), TM (25 23), CR (15 14) NADAProduct: P = plate; S = shapes and barsBCondition of Supply: A = any condition; AR = as-rolled; N = normalized; CR = control rolled; TM = thermo-m
31、echanical controlled processingCFrequency of Impact Test: (impact test lot size in tons Mg from each heat); () = no impact test required; (P) = each plate-as-rolledDCondition of supply is not applicableEImpact tests for Grade A are not required if material is produced using a fine grain practice and
32、 normalizedA 131/A 131M 0828.1.3 For quenched and tempered steel, including GradesEH40, FH32, FH36, and FH40, one tension test shall be madeon each plate as quenched and tempered.8.2 Toughness Tests:8.2.1 Charpy V-notch tests shall be made on Grade Amaterial over 2 in. 50 mm in thickness, on Grade B
33、 materialover 1 in. 25 mm in thickness and on material over14 in. 6.4mm in thickness of Grades D, E, AH32, AH36, AH40, DH32,DH36, DH40, EH32, EH36, EH40, FH32, FH36, and FH40, asrequired by Table 1 and Table 2. The frequency of CharpyV-notch impact tests shall be as given in Table 1 and Table 2.The
34、test results shall conform to the requirements given inTable 7.8.2.2 For Grades EH32, EH36, EH40, FH32, FH36, andFH40 plate material, one set of three impact specimens shall bemade from each plate-as-rolled.8.2.3 For Grade A, B, D, AH32, AH36, AH40, DH32,DH36, and DH40 plate material, and for all sh
35、ape material, andall bar material, one set of three impact specimens shall bemade from the thickest material in each test lot size of eachheat, as required by Table 1 and Table 2. If heat testing isrequired, a set of three specimens shall be tested for each testlot size indicated in Table 1 and Tabl
36、e 2, of the same type ofproduct produced on the same mill from each heat of steel. Theset of impact specimens shall be taken from different as-rolledor heat-treated pieces of the heaviest gage produced. Anas-rolled piece refers to the product rolled from a slab, billet,bloom, or directly from an ing
37、ot. Where the maximum thick-ness or diameter of various sections differs by38 in. 10 mmor more, one set of impacts shall be made from both thethickest and the thinnest material rolled regardless of theweight represented.8.2.4 The specimens for plates shall be taken from a cornerof the material and t
38、he specimens from shapes shall be takenfrom the end of a shape at a point one third the distance fromthe outer edge of the flange or leg to the web or heel of theshape. Specimens for bars shall be in accordance with Speci-fication A 6/A 6M.TABLE 2 Condition of Supply and Frequency of Impact Tests fo
39、r Higher-Strength Structural SteelGrade DeoxidationGrainRefiningElementProductACondition of SupplyB(Frequency of Impact TestC)Thickness (t ), in. mmt 0.25 6.4t #0.5 12.5t 0.512.5t #0.8020t 0.80 20t #1.0 25t 1.0 25t #1.375 35t 1.375 35t #2.0 50t 2.0 50t #4.0 100AH32AH36Killed, FineGrainPracticeCbVP A
40、 (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45)N (50 45), TM (5045), CR (25 23)S A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45), AR (25 23) NADAl P A (50 45)AR (25 23), N(50 45) , TM(50 45), CR (5045)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (50 45)N (50 45,) TM (5045), CR (25 23)Al + Ti S A (50 45)AR (25 23), N(50 45), TM
41、(5045), CR (5045)N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (5045), AR (25 23)NADDH32DH36Cb P A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45)N (50 45), TM (5045), CR (25 23)V S A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45) NADAl P A (50 45)AR (25 23), N(50 45), TM (5045), CR (5045)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (50 45)N (50 45)
42、, TM (5045), CR (25 23)Al + Ti S A (50 45)AR (25 23), N(50 45), TM (5045), CR (5045)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (50 45)NADEH32EH36AnyP N (P), TM (P) N (P), TM (P)S N (25 23), TM (25 23), CR (15 14) NADFH32FH36AnyP N (P), TM (P), QT (P) N (P), TM (P), QTS N (25 23), TM (25 23), QT (25 23) NADAH40 AnyP A
43、 (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45)N (50 45), TM (5045), QT (P)S A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45) NADDH40 AnyP N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45) N (50 45), TM (5045), QT (P)S N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45) NADEH40 AnyPN (P), TM (P), QT (P)N(P),TM(P),QT (P)S N (25 23), TM (25 23)
44、, CR (25 23) NADFH40 AnyPN (P), TM (P), QQT (P)N(P),TM(P),QT (P)S N (25 23), TM (25), CR (25 23) NADAProduct: P = plate; S = shapes and barsBCondition of Supply: A = any condition; AR = as-rolled; TM = thermo-mechanical controlled processing; CR = control rolled; QT = quenched and tempered; N=normal
45、izedCFrequency of Impact Test: (impact test lot size in tons Mg from each heat); (P) = each plate-as-rolledDCondition of supply is not applicableA 131/A 131M 0838.2.5 The largest size specimens possible for the materialthickness are to be machined. The longitudinal axis of eachspecimen shall be loca
46、ted midway between the surface and thecenter of the structural product thickness, and the length of thenotch shall be perpendicular to the rolled surface of thestructural product.8.2.6 Unless a specific orientation is called for on thepurchase order, the longitudinal axis of the specimens may bepara
47、llel or transverse to the final direction of rolling of thestructural product at the option of the steel manufacturer.8.2.7 The impact test shall be made in accordance with theCharpy Impact Testing section in Test Methods and DefinitionsA 370.8.2.8 Each impact test shall constitute the average value
48、 ofthree specimens taken from a single test location. The averagevalue shall meet the specified minimum average with not moreTABLE 3 Chemical Requirements for Ordinary-Strength Structural SteelElementChemical Composition (heat analysis), % max unless otherwise specifiedAGrade A Grade B Grade D Grade EDeoxidation and Thickness (t ), in. mmKilled or Semi-Killedt #2.0 in. 50 mmKilledt 2.0 in. 50 mmKilled or Semi-Killedt #2.0 in. 50 mmKilledt 2.0 in. 50 mmKilled, FineGrain PracticeBKilled, FineGrain PracticeBC 0.21C0.21 0.21 0.18Mn, min 2.5 3 C 0.60 0.60 0.70S
