1、Designation: A131/A131M 13A131/A131M 14Standard Specification forStructural Steel for Ships1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A131/A131M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers structural steel pla
3、tes, shapes, bars, and rivets intended primarily for use in ship construction.1.2 Material under this specification is available in the following categories:1.2.1 Ordinary StrengthGrades A, B, D, and E with a specified minimum yield point of 34 ksi 235 MPa, and1.2.2 Higher StrengthGrades AH, DH, EH,
4、 and FH with a specified minimum yield point of 46 ksi 315 MPa, 51 ksi 350MPa, or 57 ksi 390 MPa.1.3 Shapes and bars are normally available as Grades A, AH32, and AH36. Other grades may be furnished by agreementbetween the purchaser and the manufacturer.1.4 The maximum thickness of products furnishe
5、d under this specification is 4 in. 100 mm for plates and 2 in. 50 mm forshapes and bars.1.5 When the steel is to be welded, it is presupposed that a welding procedure suitable for the grade of steel and intended useor service will be utilized. See Appendix X3 of Specification A6/A6M for information
6、 on weldability.1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be usedindependently of the other. C
7、ombining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A6/A6M Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet PilingA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testin
8、g of Steel ProductsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 control rolling, rolling (controlled rolling), na steel treatment that consists of hot deformation process intended toprovide austenite (and hence ferrite) gr
9、ain refinement by careful control of the pass-by-pass temperature/reduction schedule at hightemperature regime where austenite recrystallizes after each rolling pass or at lower temperatures where the deformed austenitedoes not recrystallize between rolling passes, or both. In some cases, rolling ma
10、y extend below the temperature (Ar3final rollingwithin the range used for normalizing heat treatments so that the austenite completely recrystallizes.) at which the transformationfrom austenite to ferrite begins, so the final rolling passes may involve deformation in the two-phase (austenite + ferri
11、te) region.3.1.2 thermo-mechanical controlled processing, na steel treatment that consists of strict control of the steel temperature andthe rolling reduction. A high proportion of the rolling reduction is to be carried out close to or below the Ar3 transformationtemperature and may involve rolling
12、towards the lower end of the temperature range of the intercritical dual-phase region, thuspermitting little if any recrystallization of the austenite. The process may involve accelerated cooling on completion of rolling.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, S
13、tainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.02on Structural Steel for Bridges, Buildings, Rolling Stock and Ships.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2013October 2014. Originally approved in 1931. Last previous edition appro
14、ved in 20082013as A131/A131M 08.A131/A131M 13. DOI: 10.1520/A0131_A0131M-13.10.1520/A0131_A0131M-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Doc
15、ument Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM
16、recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Bo
17、x C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Ordering Information4.1 Specification A6/A6M establishes the rules for the ordering information that should be complied with when purchasingmaterial to this specification.4.2 Additional ordering considerations specific to this specification
18、are:4.2.1 Condition (control rolled or thermo-mechanical control processed, if applicable).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The steel shall be killed.5.2 Grades D, E, AH32, AH36, AH40, DH32, DH36, DH40, EH32, EH36, EH40, FH32, FH36, and FH40 shall be made usinga fine grain practice. For ordinary-stre
19、ngth grades, aluminum shall be used to obtain grain refinement. For higher-strength grades,aluminum, vanadium, or columbium (niobium) may be used for grain refinement.5.3 Plates in all thicknesses ordered to Grade E shall be normalized, or thermo-mechanical control processed. Plates over 138in. 35 m
20、m in thickness ordered to Grade D shall be normalized, control rolled, or thermo-mechanical control processed. See Table1.5.4 Plates in all thicknesses ordered to Grades EH32 and EH36 shall be normalized, or thermo-mechanical control processed.Plates in all thicknesses ordered to Grade EH40, FH32, F
21、H36, and FH40 shall be normalized, thermo-mechanical controlprocessed, or quenched and tempered. Plates ordered to GradesAH32,AH36,AH40, DH32, DH36, and DH40 shall be normalized,control rolled, thermo-mechanical control processed, or quenched and tempered when so specified. See Table 2.5.5 In the ca
22、se of shapes, the thicknesses referred to are those of the flange. Heat treatment and rolling requirements for shapesand bars are given in Table 1 and Table 2.6. Chemical Requirements6.1 The heat analysis shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition given in Table 3 and Table 4.6.1.1 W
23、hen specified, the steel shall conform on product analysis to the requirements given in Table 3 and Table 4, subject tothe product analysis tolerances in Specification A6/A6M.6.2 For thermo-mechanical control process steel, the carbon equivalent shall be determined from the heat analysis and shallco
24、nform to the requirements given in Table 5.7. Metallurgical Structure7.1 The steel grades indicated in 5.2 shall be made to fine grain practice, and the requirements for fine austenitic grain size inSpecification A6/A6M shall be met.7.2 Where the use of fine grain practice using columbium, vanadium,
25、 or combinations is permitted in 5.2, one or more of thefollowing shall be met:7.2.1 Minimum columbium (niobium) content of 0.020 % or minimum vanadium content of 0.050 % for each heat, or7.2.2 When vanadium and aluminum are used in combi-nation, minimum vanadium content of 0.030 % and minimumacid-s
26、oluble aluminum content of 0.010 %, or minimum total aluminum content of 0.015 %.TABLE 1 Condition of Supply and Frequency of Impact Tests for Ordinary-Strength Structural SteelGrade Deoxidation ProductACondition of SupplyB (Frequency of Impact TestC )Thickness (t ), in. mmt 0.25 6.4t #1.0 25t 1.0 2
27、5t #1.375 35t 1.375 35t #2.0 50t 2.0 50t #4.0 100A Killed P A ( )N ()E , TM (), CR (50 45),AR (50 45)S NADB Killed P A () A (50 45)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (25 23), AR (25 23)S NADD Killed, Fine GrainPractice P A (50 45), N (50 45)N (50 45),TM (50 45),CR (50 45)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (25 23)S NADE
28、 Killed, Fine GrainPractice P N (P), TM (P) N (P), TM (P)S N (25 23), TM (25 23), CR (15 14) NADA Product: P = plate; S = shapes and barsB Condition of Supply: A = any condition; AR = as-rolled; N = normalized; CR = control rolled; TM = thermo-mechanical controlled processingC Frequency of Impact Te
29、st: (impact test lot size in tons Mg from each heat); () = no impact test required; (P) = each plate-as-rolledD Condition of supply is not applicableE Impact tests for Grade A are not required if material is produced using a fine grain practice and normalizedA131/A131M 1427.2.3 When columbium (niobi
30、um) and aluminum are used in combination, minimum columbium (niobium) content of 0.010 %and minimum acid-soluble aluminum content of 0.010 %, or minimum total aluminum content of 0.015 %.7.2.4 A McQuaid-Ehn austenitic grain size of 5 or finer in accordance with Test Methods E112 for each ladle of ea
31、ch heat.8. Mechanical Requirements8.1 Tension Test:8.1.1 Except as specified in the following paragraphs, the material as represented by the test specimens shall conform to thetensile requirements prescribed in Table 6.8.1.1.1 Shapes less than 1 in.2 645 mm2 in cross section, and bars, other than fl
32、ats, less than 12 in. 12.5 mm in thickness ordiameter need not be subjected to tension tests by the manufacturer, but chemistry consistent with the required tensile propertiesmust be applied.8.1.1.2 The elongation requirement of Table 6 does not apply to floor plates with a raised pattern. However,
33、for floor plates over12 in. 12.5 mm in thickness, test specimens shall be bent cold with the raised pattern on the inside of the specimen through anangle of 180 without cracking when subjected to a bend test in which the inside diameter is three times plate thickness. Samplingfor bend testing shall
34、be as specified for the tension tests in 8.1.2.8.1.2 One tension test shall be made from each of two different plates, shapes, or bars from each heat of structural steel unlessthe finished product from a heat is less than 50 tons 45 Mg, in which case one tension test is sufficient. If, however, prod
35、uct fromone heat differs 38 in. 10 mm or more in thickness or diameter, one tension test shall be made from both the thickest and thethinnest structural product rolled, regardless of the weight mass represented.TABLE 2 Condition of Supply and Frequency of Impact Tests for Higher-Strength Structural
36、SteelGrade DeoxidationGrainRefiningElementProductACondition of SupplyB (Frequency of Impact TestC )Thickness (t ), in. mmt 0.25 6.4t #0.5 12.5t 0.512.5t #0.8020t 0.80 20t #1.0 25t 1.0 25t #1.375 35t 1.375 35t #2.0 50t 2.0 50t #4.0 100AH32AH36Killed, FineGrainPracticeCbVP A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50
37、45), CR (50 45) N (50 45), TM (5045), CR (25 23)S A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45), AR (25 23) NADAl P A (50 45)AR (25 23), N(50 45) , TM(50 45), CR (5045)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (50 45)N (50 45,) TM (5045), CR (25 23)Al + Ti S A (50 45)AR (25 23), N(50 45), TM (5045), CR (5045)N (50 45)
38、, TM (50 45), CR (5045), AR (25 23)NADDH32DH36Cb P A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45) N (50 45), TM (5045), CR (25 23)V S A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45) NADAl P A (50 45)AR (25 23), N(50 45), TM (5045), CR (5045)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (50 45)N (50 45), TM (5045), CR (25 23)Al
39、 + Ti S A (50 45)AR (25 23), N(50 45), TM (5045), CR (5045)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (50 45)NADEH32EH36 AnyP N (P), TM (P) N (P), TM (P)S N (25 23), TM (25 23), CR (15 14) NADFH32FH36 AnyP N (P), TM (P), QT (P) N (P), TM (P), QTS N (25 23), TM (25 23), QT (25 23) NADAH40 Any P A (50 45) N (50 45), TM
40、 (50 45), CR (50 45)N (50 45), TM (5045), QT (P)S A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45) NADDH40 AnyP N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45) N (50 45), TM (5045), QT (P)S N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45) NADEH40 AnyP N (P), TM (P), QT (P) N (P), TM (P),QT (P)S N (25 23), TM (25 23), CR (25 23) NADF
41、H40 AnyP N (P), TM (P), QQT (P) N (P), TM (P),QT (P)S N (25 23), TM (25), CR (25 23) NADA Product: P = plate; S = shapes and barsB Condition of Supply:A= any condition;AR = as-rolled;TM = thermo-mechanical controlled processing; CR = control rolled; QT= quenched and tempered; N = normalizedC Frequen
42、cy of Impact Test: (impact test lot size in tons Mg from each heat); (P) = each plate-as-rolledD Condition of supply is not applicableA131/A131M 143TABLE 3 Chemical Requirements for Ordinary-Strength Structural SteelElementChemical Composition (heat analysis), % max unless otherwise specifiedAGrade
43、A Grade B Grade D Grade EDeoxidation and Thickness (t ), in. mmKilled or Semi-Killedt #2.0 in. 50 mmKilledt 2.0 in. 50 mmKilled or Semi-Killedt #2.0 in. 50 mmKilledt 2.0 in. 50 mmKilled, FineGrain PracticeBKilled, FineGrain PracticeBC 0.21C 0.21 0.21 0.18Mn, min 2.5 C 0.60 0.60 0.70Si 0.50 0.35 0.10
44、0.35D 0.100.35DP 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035S 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035Ni E E E ECr E E E EMo E E E ECu E E E EC + Mn/6 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40A Intentionally added elements are to be determined and reported.B Grade D steel over 1.0 in. 25 mm and Grade E steel are to contain at least one of the grain refining
45、 elements in sufficient amount to meet the fine grain practicerequirements (see Section 7).C A maximum carbon content of 0.23 % is acceptable for Grade A shapes and bars.D Where the content of acid soluble aluminum is not less than 0.015 %, the minimum required silicon content does not apply.E The c
46、ontents of nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and copper are to be determined and reported. When the amount does not exceed 0.02 %, these elements may bereported as #0.02 %.TABLE 4 Chemical Requirements for Higher-Strength Structural SteelElementChemical CompositionA (heat analysis), % max unless otherwi
47、se specifiedGrades AH/DH/EH32, AH/DH/EH36,and AH/DH/EH40 Grades FH32/36/40DeoxidationKilled, Fine Grain PracticeB Killed, Fine Grain PracticeBC 0.18 0.16Mn 0.901.60C 0.901.60Si 0.100.50D 0.100.50DP 0.035 0.025S 0.035 0.025Al (acid soluble), minE,F 0.015 0.015CbF 0.020.05 0.020.05VF 0.050.10 0.050.10
48、Ti 0.02 0.02Cu 0.35 0.35Cr 0.20 0.20Ni 0.40 0.40Mo 0.08 0.08N . 0.009GA The contents of any other element intentionally added is to be determined and reported.B The steel is to contain at least one of the grain refining elements in sufficient amount to meet the fine grain practice requirement (see Section 7).C Grade AH 0.5 in. 12.5 mm and under in thickness may have a minimum manganese content of 0.70 %.D If the content of soluble aluminum is not less than 0.015 %, the minimum required silicon content does not apply.E The total aluminum content
