1、Designation: A135/A135M 09Standard Specification forElectric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A135/A135M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers two grades of electric-resi
3、stance-welded steel pipe in NPS 2 to NPS 30 DN 50 to DN750 inclusive, with nominal (average) wall thickness up to0.500 in. 12.70 mm, inclusive, and in nominal sizes NPS34to NPS 5 DN 20 to DN 125 inclusive with nominal (average)wall thickness 0.083 in. 2.11 mm to 0.134 in. 3.40 mm,depending on size.
4、Pipe having other dimensions (Note 1) maybe furnished provided such pipe complies with all otherrequirements of this specification. The pipe is intended forconveying gas, vapor, water or other liquid; only Grade A isadapted for flanging and bending (Note 2). The suitability ofpipe for various purpos
5、es is somewhat dependent upon itsdimensions, properties, and conditions of service, so that thepurpose for which the pipe is intended should be stated in theorder. The pipe may be furnished either nonexpanded or coldexpanded at the option of the manufacturer. When pipe is coldexpanded, the amount of
6、 expansion shall not exceed 1.5 % ofthe outside diameter pipe size.NOTE 1A comprehensive listing of standardized pipe dimensions iscontained in ASME B36.10M.NOTE 2This provision is not intended to prohibit the cold bending ofGrade B pipe.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsar
7、e to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A370 T
8、est Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Meth-ods for Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA865 Specification for Threaded Couplings, Steel, Black
9、orZinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded or Seamless, for Use inSteel Pipe JointsA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with S
10、pecificationsE213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe andTubingE273 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of the Weld Zoneof Welded Pipe and TubingE309 Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tu-bular Products Using Magnetic SaturationE570 Practice for Flux Leakage Examination of Ferr
11、omag-netic Steel Tubular ProductsE1806 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determina-tion of Chemical Composition2.2 ASME Standard:B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose4B36.10M Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe4,52.3 Federal Standards:Fed. STD No. 123 Marking for Shipments (CivilAgencies)6
12、1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originallyapproved in 1931. Last pre
13、vious edition approved in 2006 as A135/A135M 06.DOI: 10.1520/A0135_A0135M-09.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SA-135 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at s
14、erviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from American Society of Mech
15、anical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.6Available from General Service Administration, Washington, DC 20405.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
16、Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Fed. STD No. 183 Continuous Identification Marking ofIron and Steel Products62.4 Military Standards:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage73. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to steel manufacturingand propertie
17、s, refer to Terminology A941.3.2 For definitions of terms relating to mechanical testing,refer to Terminology E6.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 burr, na rough or sharp edge left on pipe ends bycutting or sawing.3.3.2 lot, nall pipe of the same size, wall thickness androlled
18、 length that is produced from the same heat of steel andsubject to the same heat treatment.3.3.3 black thread, na thread crease exhibiting the origi-nal pipe surface after machining.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following, as required, to d
19、escribe the desiredmaterial adequately:4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),4.1.2 Name of product (electric-resistance-welded pipe),4.1.3 Specification designation and year of issue,4.1.4 Grade (see Table 1),4.1.5 Size (nominal size, NPS DN, or outside diameter;and nominal wall thickn
20、ess),4.1.6 Length (specific or random, see 12.4),4.1.7 End finish (plain or threaded, see 13.2),4.1.7.1 Threaded and coupled, if specified,4.1.7.2 Threads only, if specified,4.1.7.3 Plain end, if specified,4.1.8 Alternative electric test (see Section 11),4.1.9 Tension test specimen (see Section 15),
21、4.1.10 Heat analysis, if required (see 6.1),4.1.11 Certificate of compliance, if required (see Section19), and4.1.12 Special requirements.5. Manufacture5.1 The steel shall be made by either or both of thefollowing processes: basic-oxygen or electric-furnace.5.2 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be
22、strand cast. Whensteels of different grades are sequentially strand cast, identifi-cation of the resultant transition material is required. Theproducer shall remove the transition material by any estab-lished procedure that positively separates the grades.5.3 The pipe shall be manufactured from flat
23、 rolled steel inindividual lengths or in continuous length by electric-resistanceor electric-induction welding without the addition of extrane-ous material.5.4 The weld seam of electric-resistance welded pipe toGrade B pipe shall be heat treated after welding to a minimumtemperature of 1000 F 540 C
24、or processed in such a mannerthat no untempered martensite remains.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements prescribedin Table 2, based on the heat analysis. When specified in theorder, the heat analyses shall be reported to the purchaser or arepresentative of the purch
25、aser.7Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 191115094. Attn.: NOPD.TABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsGrade A Grade BTensile strength, min, ksi MPa 48 330 60 415Yield strength, min, ksi MPa 30 205 35 240Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, %
26、:For pipe having a specified wall thickness of516 in. 7.9 mm or more, if tested using a longitudinalstrip test specimen.35 30For pipe having a specified wall thickness of less than516 in. 7.9 mm, if tested using a longitudinalstrip test specimen.ABFor pipe of any size, if tested using a full-size lo
27、ngitudinal test specimen. 35 30AThe minimum elongation shall be determined by the following equation, with the calculated value rounded to the nearest percent:E 5 56t 1 16.5E 5 2.2t 1 16.5where:E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, minimum, %, andt = specified wall thickness, in. mm.BThe minimum elongat
28、ion shall be determined by the following equation, with the calculated value rounded to the nearest percent:E 5 48t 1 14E 5 1.9t 1 14where:E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, minimum, %, andt = specified wall thickness, in. mm.A135/A135M 0927. Product Analysis7.1 An analysis may be made by the purchas
29、er on samplesof pipe selected at random and shall conform to the require-ments specified in Table 2. Methods and Practices relating tochemical analysis shall be in accordance with Test Method,Practices, and Terminology A751.8. Mechanical Properties Requirements8.1 Tensile Properties:8.1.1 The materi
30、al shall conform to the requirements as totensile properties prescribed in Table 1.8.1.2 The yield strength shall be determined by the offsetmethod utilizing 0.2 % of the gage length or by the totalextension under load method using 0.5 % of the gage length.8.1.3 Longitudinal test specimens shall be
31、full-size longitu-dinal test specimens (see Figure A2.1 of Test Methods andDefinitions A370) or longitudinal strip test specimens (seeSpecimen No. 4 in Fig. A2.3 of Test Methods and DefinitionsA370).8.2 The test specimen taken across the weld shall show atensile strength not less than the minimum te
32、nsile strengthspecified for the grade of pipe ordered. This test will not berequired for pipe under NPS 8 DN 200.9. Flattening Test9.1 A specimen at least 4 in. 100 mm in length shall beflattened cold between parallel plates in three steps with theweld located either 0 or 90 from the line of directi
33、on of forceas required in 9.2. During the first step, which is a test forductility of the weld, no cracks or breaks on the inside oroutside surfaces shall occur before the distance between theplates is less than two thirds of the original outside diameter ofthe pipe. As a second step, the flattening
34、 shall be continued.During the second step, which is a test for ductility exclusiveof the weld, no cracks or breaks on the inside or outsidesurfaces shall occur before the distance between the plates isless than one third of the original outside diameter of the pipebut is not less than five times th
35、e wall thickness of the pipe.During the third step, which is a test for soundness, theflattening shall be continued until the specimen breaks or theopposite walls of the pipe meet. Evidence of laminated orunsound material or of incomplete weld that is revealed duringthe entire flattening test shall
36、be cause for rejection.9.2 For pipe produced in single lengths, the flattening testspecified in 9.1 shall be made on both crop ends cut from eachlength of pipe. The tests from each end shall be madealternately with the weld at 0 and at 90 from the line ofdirection of force. For pipe produced in mult
37、iple lengths, theflattening test shall be made on crop ends representing the frontand back of each coil with the weld at 90 from the line ofdirection of force, and on two intermediate rings representingeach coil with the weld 0 from the line of direction of force.9.3 Surface imperfections in the tes
38、t specimen before flat-tening, but revealed during the first step of the flattening test,shall be judged in accordance with the finish requirements inSection 13.9.4 Superficial cracks as a result of surface imperfectionsshall not be cause for rejection.10. Hydrostatic Test10.1 Except as provided for
39、 in 10.3, each length of pipeshall be hydrostatically tested at the mill, without leakagethrough the wall, to a pressure calculated from the followingequation:P 5 2St/Dwhere:P = minimum hydrostatic test pressure, psi, kPa. The testpressure need not exceed 2500 psi 1700 kPa,S = allowable fiber stress
40、 18 000 psi 124 000 kPa forGrade A and 21 000 psi 144 000 kPa for Grade B.This does not prohibit testing at higher pressure at themanufacturers option,t = specified wall thickness, in. mm, andD = specified outside diameter, in. mm.Plain end pipe may be tested at the discretion of themanufacturer in
41、single lengths or in multiple lengths.10.2 The hydrostatic pressure shall be maintained for notless than 5 s.10.3 When specified in the order, pipe may be furnishedwithout hydrostatic testing, and each length so furnished shallinclude with the mandatory marking the letters “NH.”NOTE 3This provision
42、is not intended to apply to light wall (Schedule10) pipe listed in Table X1.1.10.4 When certification is required by the purchaser and thehydrostatic test has been omitted, the certification shall clearlystate “Not Hydrostatically Tested.” The specification numberand material grade, as shown on the
43、certification, shall befollowed by the letters “NH.”11. Nondestructive Examination Requirements11.1 As an alternate to the hydrostatic test, and whenaccepted by the purchaser, each pipe shall be tested with anondestructive electric test. Except for pipe produced on ahot-stretch reducing mill, the we
44、ld seam of each length of pipeshall be tested with a nondestructive test in accordance withPractices E213, E273, E309,orE570. Each length of pipeproduced on a hot-stretch-reducing mill shall be tested with anondestructive electric test that inspects the full volume of thepipe in accordance with Prac
45、tices E213, E309,orE570.11.2 Recognized methods for meeting this test are electro-magnetic (eddy current) or ultrasonic.11.3 The following information is for the benefit of the userof this specification:11.3.1 The ultrasonic examination referred to in this speci-fication is intended to detect longit
46、udinal imperfections havinga reflective area similar to or larger than the reference notch.TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsComposition, max, %Element Grade A Grade BCarbon 0.25 0.30Manganese 0.95 1.20Phosphorus 0.035 0.035Sulfur 0.035 0.035A135/A135M 093The examination may not detect circumferentially
47、orientedimperfections of short, deep imperfections.11.3.2 The eddy-current examination referenced in thisspecification has the capability of detecting significant imper-fections, especially of the short, abrupt type.11.3.3 The hydrostatic test referred to in Section 10 is a testmethod provided for i
48、n many product specifications. This testhas the capability of finding imperfections of a size permittingthe test fluid to leak through the tube wall and may be eithervisually seen or detected by a loss of pressure. This test maynot detect very tight, through-the-wall imperfections or imper-fections
49、that extend an appreciable distance into the wallwithout complete penetration.11.3.4 A purchaser interested in ascertaining the nature(type, size, location, and orientation) of imperfections that canbe detected in the specific application of these examinationsshould discuss this with the manufacturer of the tubularproduct.11.4 In order to accommodate the various types of nonde-structive electric testing equipment and techniques in use, thecalibration pipe shall contain, at the option of the producer,
