1、Designation: A 230/A 230M 05Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Oil-Tempered Carbon Valve Spring Quality1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 230/A 230M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the high
3、est quality of roundcarbon steel spring wire, uniform in quality and temper,intended especially for the manufacture of valve springs andother springs requiring high-fatigue properties.1.2 The values stated in either SI (metric) units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
4、values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; there-fore, each system must be used independent of the other.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 510 Specification for General Requirements for WireRods and Coa
5、rse Round Wire, Carbon SteelA 510M Specification for General Requirements for WireRods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel MetricA 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for Domestic ShipmentA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of S
6、teel ProductsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 ANSI Standard:3B 32.4M Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rect-angle, and Hexagon Metal Products2.3 Military Standard:4MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-ment
7、and Storage2.4 Federal Standard:4Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)2.5 AIAG Standard:5AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli-cation Standard3. Ordering Information3.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the applicable requirements of the
8、 current edition ofeither Specification A 510 or Specification A 510M.3.2 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following information for each ordered item:3.2.1 Quantity (mass or weight),3.2.2 Name of material (oil-tempered carbon steel valvespring quality wire),3.2.3 Dimen
9、sions (Section 8),3.2.4 Chemical composition (Table 1), if required,3.2.5 Packaging (Section 14),3.2.6 Cast or heat analysis report, if desired (see 5.2),3.2.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Sec-tion 13), and3.2.8 ASTM designation and date of issue.NOTE 1Atypical metric orderin
10、g description is as follows: 20 000 kgoil-tempered carbon steel valve spring quality wire, 6.00 mm diameter in125-kg coils to ASTM A 230M dated _, or for inch-pound units,40 000 lb oil-tempered carbon steel valve spring quality wire, 0.250 in.diameter in 350-lb coils to ASTM A 230 dated _.4. Materia
11、ls and Manufacture4.1 The steel may be made by any commercially acceptedsteel-making process. The steel shall be continuously cast.4.2 The finished wire shall be free of detrimental pipe andundue segregation.4.3 The wire shall be hardened and tempered to produce thedesired mechanical properties.5. C
12、hemical Composition5.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemicalcomposition prescribed in Table 1.5.2 Cast or Heat AnalysisEach cast or heat of steel shallbe analyzed by the manufacturer to determine the percentage of1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01
13、on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originallyapproved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as A 230/A 230M 99.2For referenced ASTM standards,
14、 visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New
15、York, NY 10036.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-50985Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48034.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of
16、this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.elements prescribed in Table 1. This analysis shall be madefrom a test specimen preferably taken during the pouring of thecast or heat. When requested, this shall be report
17、ed to thepurchaser and shall conform to the requirements of Table 1.5.3 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by thepurchaser from finished wire representing each cast or heat ofsteel. The chemical composition thus determined, as to ele-ments required or restricted, shall conform to the productana
18、lysis requirements specified in Table 10 of SpecificationA 510 or Specification A 510M.5.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A 751 shall be used.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Tension Test:6.1.1 RequirementsThe material as represented by tensiontest specimens shall conform t
19、o the requirements prescribed inTable 2 or Table 3.6.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat ina given lot shall be tested.6.1.3 Location of TestsTest specimens shall be taken fromeither end of the coil.6.1.4 Test Metho
20、dThe tension test shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.6.2 Wrap Test:6.2.1 RequirementsWire 4.00 mm or 0.162 in. andsmaller in diameter shall wind on itself as an arbor withoutbreakage. Larger diameter wire, up to and including 6.50 mmor 0.250 in., shall wind, without b
21、reakage, on a mandrel twicethe diameter of the wire.6.2.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat ina given lot shall be tested.6.2.3 Location of TestTest specimens shall be taken fromeither end of the coil.6.2.4 Test Metho
22、dThe wrap test shall be made in accor-dance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370, SupplementIV.6.3 Twist TestA 250 mm (10 in.) specimen of wire slowlytwisted four revolutions in one direction and then twisted in theother direction until failure shall show a square break normal tothe axis of the w
23、ire without splits or cracks.6.4 Special Surface InspectionWhen specified, the entirelength of every coil shall be inspected for surface imperfectionswith a magnetic or eddy current defect analyzer, or both, orequivalent. The defect depth of this surface inspection shall beagreed upon between the ma
24、nufacturer and the purchaser. Alldetected defects shall be properly marked so the purchaser hasthe ability to identify and discard that length of wire.7. Metallurgical Properties7.1 Decarburization:7.1.1 RequirementsTransverse sections of the wire prop-erly mounted, polished and etched shall show no
25、 completelydecarburized (carbon free) areas when examined at 1003magnification. Partial decarburization shall not exceed a depthof 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) on wire 4.90 mm (0.192 in.) andsmaller or 0.038 mm (0.0015 in.) on wire larger than 4.90 mm(0.192 in.). Measure the worst area present excluding dec
26、ar-burization associated with seams or other surface imperfec-tions. Complete decarburization exists when only free ferrite ispresent. Partial decarburization exists when ferrite is foundmixed with pearlite or tempered martensite. Structures of100 % tempered martensite shall be defined as not decarb
27、ur-ized.7.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot.7.1.3 Location of TestsTest specimens may be taken fromeither end of the coil.7.2 Surface Condition:7.2.1 The surface shall be smooth and free of defects such asseams, pits, die marks, and
28、 other defects tending to impair theTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElement Composition, %Carbon 0.600.75AManganese 0.600.90APhosphorus, max 0.025Sulfur, max 0.030Silicon 0.150.35ACarbon and manganese may be varied by the manufacturer at his discretion,provided the mechanical properties specified are m
29、aintained and provided thepurchaser does not specifically stipulate otherwise.TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements, SI UnitsDiameter, mm Tensile Strength, MPa Reduction ofAreas, min, %Amin maxLess than 1.50 1700 1850 . . .1.50 to 2.50, incl 1650 1800 . . .Over 2.50 to 3.50, incl 1600 1750 40Over 3.50 to 4.0
30、0, incl 1580 1720 40Over 4.00 to 4.80, incl 1550 1700 40Over 4.80 to 5.50, incl 1520 1680 40Over 5.50 to 6.50, incl 1500 1650 40Over 6.50 1450 1600 40AThe reduction of area test is not applicable to wire diameters under 2.34 mm.TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements, Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter, in.Tensile Stren
31、gth, ksiReduction ofArea, min, %Amin maxLess than 0.062 245 265 . . .0.062 to 0.092, incl 240 260 . . .Over 0.092 to 0.128, incl 235 255 40Over 0.128 to 0.162, incl 230 250 40Over 0.162 to 0.192, incl 225 245 40Over 0.192 to 0.225, incl 220 240 40Over 0.225 to 0.250, incl 215 235 40Over 0.250 210 23
32、0 40AThe reduction of area test is not applicable to wire diameters under 0.092 in.A 230/A 230M 052fatigue value of the springs. Any additional surface require-ments must be negotiated at the time of entry of the order.7.2.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen from each end ofevery coil shall be tested
33、 for conformance to the provisionsof7.2.1.7.2.3 Test MethodThe surface shall be examined afteretching in a solution of equal parts of hydrochloric acid andwater that has been heated to approximately 80C for up to 2min in order to remove the oxide scale layer from the wiresurface. Examination shall b
34、e made using 103 magnification.7.3 MicrostructureA longitudinal section shall show afine homogeneous tempered martensitic structure.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 The permissible variations in the diameter of the wireshall be as specified in Table 4 or Table 5.8.2 Number of TestsOne tes
35、t specimen from each end ofthe coil shall be tested for conformance (see 8.1).9. Workmanship and Appearance9.1 The wire shall be uniform in quality and temper andshall not be wavy or crooked.9.2 Each coil shall be one continuous length of wire,properly coiled, and firmly tied.9.3 No welds are permit
36、ted in the finished product and anywelds made during processing must be removed.10. Retests10.1 If any test specimen exhibits obvious defects or showsthe presence of a weld, it may be discarded and anotherspecimen substituted.11. Inspection11.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseo
37、rder, the manufacturer is responsible for the performance ofall inspection and test requirements specified in this specifica-tion. Except as otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer may use his own or any other suitablefacilities for the performance of the inspection an
38、d testrequirements unless disapproved by the purchaser at the timethe order is placed. The purchaser shall have the right toperform any of the inspections and tests set forth in thisspecification when such inspections and tests are deemednecessary to assure that the material conforms to prescribedre
39、quirements.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based on testsmade in accordance with this specification shall be reported tothe manufacturer as soon as possible so that an investigationmay be initiated.12.2 The material must be adequately protected and cor-rectl
40、y identified in order that the manufacturer may make aproper investigation.13. Certification13.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, amanufacturers or suppliers certification shall be furnished tothe purchaser that the material was manufactured, sampled,tested, and inspected in accorda
41、nce with this specification andhas been found to meet the requirements. When specified in thepurchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall befurnished.13.2 The certification shall include the specification num-ber, year date of issue, and revision letter, if any.14. Packaging, Marki
42、ng, and Loading for Shipment14.1 The coil mass, dimensions, and the method of packag-ing shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturer andpurchaser.14.2 The size of the wire, purchasers order number, ASTMspecification number, heat number, and name or mark of themanufacturer shall be marked on a t
43、ag securely attached toeach coil of wire.14.3 Unless otherwise specified in the purchasers order,packaging, marking, and loading for shipments shall be inaccordance with those procedures recommended by PracticesA 700.14.4 For Government ProcurementPackaging, packing,and marking of material for milit
44、ary procurement shall be inaccordance with the requirements of MIL-STD-163, Level A,Level C, or commercial as specified in the contract or purchaseorder. Marking for shipment of material for civil agencies shallbe in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123.14.5 Bar CodingIn addition to the previously-stat
45、ed iden-tification requirements, bar coding is acceptable as a supple-mentary identification method. Bar coding should be consistentwith AIAG B-5 02.00, Primary Metals Identification TagApplication. The bar code may be applied to a substantiallyaffixed tag.15. Keywords15.1 carbon; oil-tempered; valv
46、e spring; wireTABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Wire Diameter, SI UnitsADiameter, mmPermissible Variations,plus and minus, mmPermissible Out-ofRound, mmLess than 1.50 0.01 0.011.50 to 2.50, incl 0.02 0.02Over 2.50 to 3.50, incl 0.03 0.033.50 to 4.50, incl 0.04 0.04Over 4.50 0.05 0.05AFor purposes of
47、 determining conformance with this specification, all specifiedlimits are absolute as defined in Practice E29.TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Wire Diameter, Inch-PoundUnitsADiameter, in.Permissible Variations,plus and minus, in.Permissible Out-of-Round, in.Less than 0.062 0.0005 0.00050.062 to 0.0
48、92, incl 0.0008 0.0008Over 0.092 to 0.148, incl 0.001 0.001Over 0.148 to 0.177, incl 0.0015 0.0015Over 0.177 0.002 0.002AFor purposes of determining conformance with this specification, all specifiedlimits are absolute as defined in Practice E29.A 230/A 230M 053SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has id
49、entified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue,A 230/A 230M 99, that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved March 1, 2005.)(1) Removed the ingot cast steel and added continuous cast in4.1.(2) Removed engine valve spring manufacturer and addedstatements regarding defect depth and identification in 6.4.(3) Changed the length of time for sample preparation from1 % to removal of the oxide layer in 7.2.3.(4) Eliminated Table 6.(5) Added Summary of Changes section.ASTM International takes no position respe
