1、Designation: A234/A234M 14 Used in USDOE-NE StandardsStandard Specification forPiping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel forModerate and High Temperature Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A234/A234M; the number immediately following the designation indicates t
2、he yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.
3、S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers wrought carbon steel andalloy steel fittings of seamless and welded construction coveredby the latest revision of ASME B16.9, B16.11, MSS-SP-79,MSS-SP-83, MSS-SP-95, and MSS-SP-97. These fittings arefor use in pressure piping and in pre
4、ssure vessel fabrication forservice at moderate and elevated temperatures. Fittings differ-ing from these ASME and MSS standards shall be furnished inaccordance with Supplementary Requirement S58 of Specifi-cation A960/A960M.1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided forfittings where a gr
5、eater degree of examination is desired. Whendesired, one or more of these supplementary requirements maybe specified in the order.1.3 This specification does not cover cast welding fittings orfittings machined from castings. Cast steel welding fittings aregoverned by Specifications A216/A216M and A2
6、17/A217M.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units. However, unless the order specifies theapplicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be
7、 regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard.2. R
8、eferenced Documents2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed inSpecification A960/A960M, the following list of standardsapply to this specification.2.2 ASTM Standards:3A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suit-able for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature ServiceA217/A217M
9、Specification for Steel Castings, MartensiticStainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-able for High-Temperature ServiceA960/A960M Specification for Common Requirements forWrought Steel Piping Fittings2.3 ASME Standards:4B16.9 Steel Butt-Welding FittingsB16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, S
10、ocket Welding and Threaded2.4 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:4Section VSection VIII, Division 1Section IX2.5 MSS Standards:5MSS-SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,Flanges, and UnionsMSS-SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer InsertsMSS-SP-83 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket-Welding andThreadedM
11、SS-SP-95 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull PlugsMSS-SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch OutletFittingsSocket Welding, Threaded and ButtweldingEnds1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommi
12、tteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originallyapproved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as A234/A234M131.DOI: 10.1520/A
13、0234_A0234M-14.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-234 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informa
14、tion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fit
15、tingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.6 ASNT Standard:6SNT-TC-1A Recommended Pra
16、ctice for NondestructiveTesting Personnel Qualification and Certification2.7 AWS Specifications7A5.5/A5.5M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodesfor Shielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.23/A5.23M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Elec-trodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc WeldingA5.28/A5.28M Specificati
17、on for Low-Alloy Steel Elec-trodes for Gas Shielded Arc WeldingA5.29/A5.29M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux CoredArc Welding3. Ordering Information3.1 See Specification A960/A960M.4. General Requirements4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification
18、 A960/A960M, including anysupplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchaseorder. Failure to comply with the requirements of SpecificationA960/A960M constitutes non-conformance with this specifi-cation. In case of a conflict between the requirements of thisspecification and Specification
19、 A960/A960M, this specificationshall prevail.5. Materials5.1 The starting material for fittings shall be fully killedsteel, consisting of forgings, bars, plates, sheet, and seamless orfusion-welded tubular products with filler metal added andshall conform to the chemical requirements of Table 1. Unl
20、essotherwise specified for carbon steel plates and sheet, the steelmay be made to either coarse grain or fine grain practice. GradeWP9 shall be made to fine grain practice.5.2 A starting material specification that specifically re-quires the addition of any element beyond those listed for themateria
21、ls in Table 1 for the applicable grade of material is notpermitted. This does not preclude the use of deoxidizers or thejudicious use of elements for grain size control.6. Manufacture6.1 Forging or shaping operations may be performed byhammering, pressing, piercing, extruding, upsetting, rolling,ben
22、ding, fusion welding, machining, or by a combination oftwo or more of these operations. The forming procedure shallbe so applied that it will not produce injurious imperfections inthe fittings.6.2 Fittings NPS-4 and under may be machined fromhot-forged or rolled, cold-sized, and straightened bar sto
23、ckhaving the chemical composition of the Grade in Table 1 andthe mechanical properties of the Grade in Table 2. Heattreatment shall be in accordance with Section 7. All capsmachined from bar stock shall be examined by liquid penetrantor magnetic particle in accordance with S52 or S53 inSpecification
24、 A960/A960M.6.3 All welds including welds in tubular products fromwhich fittings are made shall be (1) made by welders, weldingoperators, and welding procedures qualified under the provi-sions of ASME Section IX, (2) heat treated in accordance withSection 7 of this specification, and (3) radiographi
25、cally exam-ined throughout the entire length of each weld in accordancewith Article 2, ASME Section V with acceptance limits inaccordance with Paragraph UW-51 of ASME Section VIII,Division 1 of the ASME Boiler SAW, A5.23/A5.23M EB9 + flux; GTAW,A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B9; and FCAWA5.29/A5.29M E91T1-B9. I
26、n addition, the Ni+Mn content of all welding consumablesused to fabricate WP91 fittings shall not exceed 1.0 %.6.3.2 All welds in WP92 and WP911 shall be made usingwelding consumables meeting the chemical requirements forthe grade in Table 1.6.4 Personnel performing NDE examinations shall be quali-f
27、ied in accordance with SNT-TC-1A.6.5 The welded joints of the fittings shall be finished inaccordance with the requirements of Paragraph UW-35 (a)ofASME Section VIII, Division 1.6.6 All butt-weld tees manufactured by cold-forming meth-od(s) shall be liquid penetrant or magnetic particle examinedby o
28、ne of the methods specified in Supplementary RequirementS52 or S53 in Specification A960/A960M. This examinationshall be performed after final heat treat. Only the side wall areaof the tees need be examined. This area is defined by a circlethat covers the area from the weld bevel of the branch outle
29、t tothe center line of the body or run. Internal and external surfacesshall be examined when size permits accessibility. No cracksshall be permitted. Other imperfections shall be treated inaccordance with Section 14 on Surface Quality. After theremoval of any crack, the tee(s) shall be re-examined b
30、y theoriginal method. Acceptable tees shall be marked with thesymbol PT or MT, as applicable, to indicate compliance.6.7 Stubends may be produced with the entire lap added bythe welding of a ring, made from plate or bar of the same alloygrade and composition, to the outside of a straight section ofp
31、ipe, provided the weld is double welded, is a full penetrationjoint, satisfies the requirements of 6.3 for qualifications and7.3.4 for post weld heat treatment.7. Heat Treatment7.1 Heat Treatment ProceduresFittings, after forming atan elevated temperature, shall be cooled to a temperature6Available
32、fromAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.7Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.A234/A234M 142below the critical range under suitable condition
33、s to preventinjurious defects caused by too rapid cooling, but in no casemore rapidly than the cooling rate in still air. Heat treatmenttemperatures specified are metal (part) temperatures. Heat-treated fittings shall be treated according to paragraph 7 inSpecification A960/A960M.7.2 WPB, WPC, and W
34、PR Fittings:7.2.1 Hot-formed WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings uponwhich the final forming operation is completed at a temperatureabove 1150 F 620 C and below 1800 F 980 C need notbe heat treated provided they are cooled in still air.7.2.2 Hot-formed or forged WPB, WPC, and WPR fittingsfinished at temperat
35、ure in excess of 1800 F 980 C shallsubsequently be annealed, normalized, or normalized andtempered. Hot-forged fittings NPS 4 or smaller need not beheat treated.7.2.3 WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings over NPS 12, producedby locally heating a portion of the fitting stock to anytemperature for forming, shal
36、l be subsequently annealed,normalized, or normalized and tempered. Fittings such aselbows, tees, header tees, reducers and lap joint stub ends withTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsNOTE 1All requirements are maximum unless otherwise indicated.NOTE 2Where an ellipsis (.) appears in this table, there is no
37、 requirement and analysis for the element need not be determined or reported.Grade andMarkingSymbolAComposition, %Carbon ManganesePhospho-rusSulfur Silicon Chromium Molybdenum Nickel Copper OthersWPBB,C,D,E,0.30 0.291.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 0.15 max 0.40 0.40 Vanadium 0.08WPCC,D,E,0.35 0.291.0
38、6 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 0.15 max 0.40 0.40 Vanadium 0.08WP1 0.28 0.300.90 0.045 0.045 0.100.50 . . . 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP12 CL1, 0.050.20 0.300.80 0.045 0.045 0.60 0.801.25 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP12 CL2 .WP11 CL1 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.030 0.030 0.501.00 1.001.50 0.440.65 . . . . . . .
39、 . .WP11 CL2, 0.050.20 0.300.80 0.040 0.040 0.501.00 1.001.50 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP11 CL3 .WP22 CL1, 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 1.902.60 0.871.13 . . . . . . . . .WP22 CL3 .WP24 0.050.10 0.300.70 0.020 0.010 0.150.45 2.202.60 0.901.10 . . . 0.751.25 Aluminum 0.020Boron 0.00150.0070Nit
40、rogen 0.12Titanium 0.060.10Vanadium 0.200.30WP5 CL1, 0.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.030 0.50 4.06.0 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP5 CL3 .WP9 CL1,WP9 CL30.15 0.300.60 0.030 0.030 1.00 8.010.0 0.901.10 . . . . . . . . .WPR 0.20 0.401.06 0.045 0.050 . . . . . . . . . 1.602.24 0.751.25 . . .WP91 0.080.12 0.300.60
41、0.020 0.010 0.200.50 8.09.5 0.851.05 0.40 . . . Vanadium 0.180.25Columbium 0.060.10Nitrogen 0.030.07Aluminum 0.02FTitanium 0.01FZirconium 0.01FWP911 0.090.13 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.100.50 8.59.5 0.901.10 0.40 . . . Vanadium 0.180.25Columbium 0.0600.10Nitrogen 0.040.09Aluminum 0.02 maxFBoron 0.00030.
42、006Tungsten 0.901.10Titanium 0.01 maxFZirconium 0.01 maxFWP92 0.070.13 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.50 8.509.50 0.300.60 0.40 . . . Aluminum 0.02FBoron 0.0010.006Columbium 0.040.09Nitrogen 0.0300.070Titanium 0.01FTungsten 1.502.00Vanadium 0.150.25Zirconium 0.01FAWhen fittings are of welded construction, t
43、he grade and marking symbol shown above shall be supplemented by letter “W”.BFittings made from bar or plate may have 0.35 max carbon.CFittings made from forgings may have 0.35 max carbon and 0.35 max silicon with no minimum.DFor each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified carbon maximum, an increa
44、se of 0.06 % manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted, up to a maximumof 1.65 %.EThe sum of Copper, Nickel, Chromium, and Molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 %.FApplies both to heat and product analyses.A234/A234M 143TABLE2TensileRequirementsNOTE1Whereanellipsis(.)appearsinthistable,ther
45、eisnorequirement.GradeandMarkingSymbolWPBWPC,WP11CL2,WP12CL2WP1WP11CL1,WP22CL1,WP5CL1WP9CL1WPRWP11CL3,WP22CL3WP5CL3WP9CL3WP24WP91WP92WP911WP12CL1Tensilestrength,minimumunlessarangeisgivenksiMPa60415704855580380550604156388 4356057552085585906209012062084060415Yieldstrength,min,ksiMPa(0.2%offsetor0.5
46、%extension-under-load)35240402753020530205463154531060415604156444032220ElongationRequirementsGradesAllGradesexceptWPR,WP91,andWP911WPRandWP24WP91 WP92WP911Longi- tudinalTrans-verseLongi- tudinalTrans-verseLongi- tudinalTrans-verseElongation:Standardroundspecimen,orsmallproportionalspecimen,min%in4D
47、221420.2013Rectangularspecimenforwallthickness516in.7.94mmandover,andforallsmallsizestestedinfullsection;min%in2in.50mm3020A28.Rectangularspecimenforwallthicknesslessthan516in.7.94mm;min%in2in.50mm(12-in.12.7-mmwidespecimen)BBB.AWPBandWPCfittingsmanufacturedfromplateshallhaveaminimumelongationof17%.
48、BForeach132in.0.79mmdecreaseinwallthicknessbelow516in.7.94mm,adeductionof1.5%forlongitudinaland1.0%fortransversefromthevaluesshownaboveispermitted.Thefollowingtablegivestheminimumvalueforvariouswallthicknesses.WallThicknessGradesAllGradesexceptWPR,WP91andWP911WPRWP91,WP92,andWP911in.mmLongitudinalTr
49、ansverseLongitudinalLongitudinal516(0.312)7.9430.020.028.020932(0.281)7.1428.519.026.51914(0.250)6.3527.018.025.018732(0.219)5.5625.5.23.517316(0.188)4.7624.0.22.016532(0.156)3.9722.5.20.51518(0.125)3.1721.0.19.014332(0.094)2.3819.5.17.513116(0.062)1.5918.0.16.012NoteThistablegivesthecomputedminimum%elongationvalueforeach132in.0.79mmdecreaseinwallthickness.Wherethewallthicknessliesbetwee
