1、Designation: A 345 04Standard Specification forFlat-Rolled Electrical Steels for Magnetic Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 345; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers general procedures for speci-fying requirements in the procurement and delivery of flat-rolled elect
3、rical steels for magnetic applications. When anapplicable individual specification does not exist, this specifi-cation enables the user to order a suitable material to besupplied under controlled conditions with respect to magneticquality, sampling, testing, packaging, and so forth, by specify-ing c
4、ertain requirements on the purchase order and citing thisspecification.1.2 Individual specifications that are in conformity with thisspecification are Specifications A 677/A 677M, A 683/A 683M, A 726, A 840, and A 876.NOTE 1For more information on procedures associated with thisspecification, refer
5、to the following: Test Methods A 341/A 341M, A 343/A 343M, A 348/A 348M, A 596/A 596M, A 712, A 719/A 719M, A 720/A 720M, A 721/A 721M, A 773/A 773M, A 804/A 804M, A 889/A 889M, A 937/A 937M, A 971, and Practice A 664.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion,
6、Section 13, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions
7、prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 34/A 34M Practice for Sampling and Procurement Test-ing of Magnetic MaterialsA 340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating toMagnetic TestingA 341/A 341M Test Method for Direct-Current MagneticProperties of Materials Using D-C Permeam
8、eters and theBallistic Test MethodsA 343/A 343M Test Method for Alternating-Current Mag-netic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies UsingWattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm EpsteinTest FrameA 348/A 348M Test Method for Alternating-Current Mag-netic Properties of Materials Using the W
9、attmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method, 100 to 10 000 Hz and 25-cmEpstein FrameA 596/A 596M Test Method for Direct-Current MagneticProperties of Materials Using the Ballistic Method andRing SpecimensA 664 Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical andLaminations Steel Grades in ASTM Specification
10、sA 677/A 677M Specification for Nonoriented ElectricalSteel, Fully Processed TypesA 683/A 683M Specification for Nonoriented ElectricalSteel, Semiprocessed TypesA 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for Domestic ShipmentA 712 Test Method for Electrical Resisti
11、vity of Soft Mag-netic AlloysA 717/A 717M Test Method for Surface Insulation Resis-tivity of Single-Strip SpecimensA 719/A 719M Test Method for Lamination Factor of Mag-netic MaterialsA 720/A 720M Test Method for Ductility of NonorientedElectrical SteelA 721/A 721M Test Method for Ductility of Orien
12、ted Elec-trical SteelA 726 Specification for Cold-Rolled Magnetic LaminationQuality Steel, Semiprocessed TypesA 773/A 773M Test Method for dc Magnetic Properties ofMaterials Using Ring and Permeameter Procedures withdc Electronic HysteresigraphsA 804/A 804M Test Methods for Alternating-MagneticPrope
13、rties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using Sheet-Type Test SpecimensA 840 Specification for Fully Processed Magnetic Lamina-tion Steel1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 onMagnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.02 onMaterials Speci
14、fications.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originallyapproved in 1949 to replace A 310. Last previous edition approved in 1998 asA 345 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annua
15、l Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.A 876 Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented,Silicon-Iron, Electrical
16、Steel, Fully Processed TypesA 889/A 889M Test Method for Alternating-Current Mag-netic Properties of Materials at Low Inductions Using theWattmeter-Varmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and25-cm (250-mm) Epstein FrameA 937/A 937M Test Method for Determining InterlaminarResistance of Insulating Coatings
17、Using Two AdjacentTest SurfacesA 971 Test Method for Measuring Edge Taper and Crownof Flat-Rolled Electrical Steel CoilsA 976 Classification of Insulating Coatings by Composi-tion, Relative Insulating Ability and Application3. Terminology3.1 The terms and symbols used in this specification aredefine
18、d in Terminology A 340.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includeas much of the following information as necessary to describethe desired material:4.1.1 Specification A 345 or the individual specificationnumber for the specification that shall govern.4.1.2
19、Class of electrical steel, whether grain-oriented elec-trical steel, nonoriented electrical steel, or magnetic laminationsteel.4.1.3 Whether semi- or fully processed.4.1.4 Core loss type number or standard grade designation.If an individual specification is not cited, the limiting value ofthe core l
20、oss or other magnetic property that shall control, aswell as all applicable test conditions and test methods, shall bestated on the order.4.1.5 Insulation coating type.4.1.6 Thickness, width, and length, if in cut lengths insteadof coils, for the ordered item.4.1.7 Total weight of ordered item.4.1.8
21、 Limitations on coil size or lift weight.4.1.9 End use. Whenever possible, state a single end use forthe desired material. For instance, specify whether it is forpunched or stamped laminations, sheared laminations, woundcores, formed cores, welded lamination cores, adhesive-bonded cores, and so fort
22、h. This will help the producer toprovide material with the most desirable physical characteris-tics for the users fabricating practices.4.1.10 Exceptions to the cited specification or a statement ofspecial requirements.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Normally, these electrical steels are composed pr
23、inci-pally of iron with relatively small amounts of alloying elementssuch as silicon and aluminum. Other chemical elements areeither in residual amounts or added in small amounts toimprove fabrication. The producer shall provide on request astatement of nominal chemistry being supplied.5.2 The chemi
24、cal composition and the method of manufac-ture shall not be unduly prescribed. Any restriction on theconditions of manufacture shall be negotiated between theproducer and the user.5.3 When changes in the manufacture of successive ship-ments of material because of changing technology are believedto i
25、ncrease the likelihood of adverse effects upon magnetic orfabrication performance in the specified end use, the producershall notify the user before shipment is made so that he can beafforded an opportunity to evaluate the effects.6. Magnetic Properties6.1 Electrical steels are normally graded and p
26、urchased tospecified maximum coreloss requirements. The user shallmake clear to the producer the limiting values of core lossrequired for the ordered material. The grain direction of the testspecimen, whether as sheared or given a specific anneal, thetest induction and frequency, the test method, an
27、d otherinformation pertinent to the proper qualification of the materialshall be specified.6.2 When the desired end use imposes definite limits onother magnetic properties such as specific exciting power,relative permeability, coercive field strength, and so forth, theuser is responsible for so spec
28、ifying on the order. The user shallalso state whether specific tests are required for these otherproperties or whether the specified characteristics are forinformational purposes only.6.3 The user may request statistical monitoring of productquality by the producer. If mutually agreed upon, any devi
29、ationfrom established product quality limits shall be promptlyreported to the user prior to shipment even though the steelbeing provided conforms in all other respects to the specifica-tion.7. Electrical Properties7.1 Electrical steels are normally provided with an electricalresistivity appropriate
30、to the core-loss limit and the specifiedend use. If the electrical resistivity must be restricted, thelimiting value shall be negotiated with the producer.7.2 The surface insulation ability inherent in the processingof electrical steels for magnetic applications may differ widelywith the class of el
31、ectrical steel and the intended end use.Several types of applied coatings are available to attaindifferent levels of insulation ability as needed for criticalapplications. These inherent and applied coating types C-0,C-2, C-3, C-4, C-4AS, C-5, C5-AS, and C-6 are described andcharacterized in Classif
32、ication A 976. If the inherent mill-processed surface lacks sufficient insulating ability for theusers purposes, the user shall specify the applied coating typeto be used, whether tests shall be made by Test MethodA 717/A 717M or Test Method A 937/A 937M, any special testconditions under these test
33、methods, and any limiting value ofthe insulation ability.8. Mechanical Properties8.1 Requirements for ductility, lamination factor, tensile oryield strength, and so forth that differ from those inherent in theusual product meeting the magnetic requirements should bespecified. Any limiting value(s),
34、the test method(s), and testconditions that apply should be specified also.A3450429. Dimensions and Permissible Variations9.1 ThicknessElectrical steels are normally supplied incertain standardized decimal thicknesses for the various classesof electrical steel covered by the individual specification
35、s listedin 1.2. The specified thickness should be one of the standard-ized decimal thicknesses whenever possible. Where the re-quirements of the end use indicate thicknesses that are lighteror heavier than those commonly offered, the producer shouldbe consulted by the user and a thickness agreeable
36、to both (andagreement on the corresponding effects on the magneticrequirements) should be negotiated.9.2 Thickness VariationsThe thickness supplied shall beas close as possible to the ordered decimal thickness. Thevariations with respect to the ordered thickness may differappreciably with the class
37、of electrical steel to be provided andthe mill equipment normally used for its manufacture. Thespecified thickness tolerances should be no more stringent thanrequired for satisfactory fabrication of the desired end product.The tolerances given in the individual specifications representnormal commerc
38、ial tolerances. For further details or require-ments more stringent than the normal ones, the producershould be consulted.9.3 Width LimitationsMaximum widths that are availableare limited by the width capability of the rolling and othersteel-processing equipment used for the manufacture of thevariou
39、s classes of electrical steels. Narrower than economicwidths are usually provided as subwidths slit from a moreeconomic width. Tolerances on the ordered width are depen-dent on the limitations imposed by the equipment required forthe ordered width. The individual specifications or the pro-ducer shou
40、ld be consulted for the normal tolerances that can beprovided.9.4 Cut LengthsMaterial to be supplied as sheets orblanks is generally obtained by shearing from coils. Thetolerances normally available may be determined by consultingthe individual specifications or the producer of the desiredmaterial.9
41、.5 CamberIn cut lengths or coiled strip, the tolerance forthe deviation of a side edge from a true straight line touchingboth ends of the side over a specified length may be determinedby consulting the individual specifications or the producer ofthe desired material.10. Workmanship and Finish10.1 Fl
42、atness:10.1.1 Adequately defining a limiting degree of flatness ofelectrical steels for commercial purposes is extremely difficult.Therefore, no specific limits or qualifications for flatnessevaluation are generally accepted. It is recognized that sharpwaves and buckles are objectionable and that th
43、ey should beminimized in the delivered material to an extent that willensure that it is suitable for fabrication of the intended endproduct.10.1.2 The user shall inform the producer of any require-ments for a degree of flatness more critical than that providedby the usual commercial manufacturing pr
44、actices. Proceduresfor evaluating the required degree of flatness shall be negoti-ated between the user and the producer.10.2 Surface DefectsThe surface shall be reasonably freeof loose dust and essentially free of manufacturing defects suchas holes, blisters, slivers, indentations, and so forth, wh
45、ichwould interfere with its effective use in the intended applica-tion. Surface oxide and insultation coatings should be thin andtightly adherent.11. Sampling11.1 The producer shall assign a number to each test lot foridentification. The test lot shall conform to the requirements ofPractice A 34/A 3
46、4M unless otherwise agreed between the userand the producer.11.2 Samples shall be obtained from full width coils afterthe final mill heat treatment or the final operation that may havea significant influence on the magnetic properties of the steel.12. Specimen Preparation12.1 The required samples sh
47、all be made into specimenssuitable for magnetic, electrical, or mechanical tests as requiredby Practice A 34/A 34M or by the test method cited in theindividual specification or the purchase order. Care should bepracticed to eliminate any bent, twisted, dented, highly burred,or improperly prepared pi
48、eces from the test specimen.13. Test Methods13.1 The required tests to determine the core-loss grade, andother tests, when required, shall be in accordance with the testmethods of Practice A 34/A 34M or as designated in theindividual specification or the purchase order.13.2 The density of the materi
49、al will vary according to thechemical composition of the material to be supplied. Theproper test density shall be determined and used in the testingby the producer in compliance with the requirements ofPractice A 34/A 34M.14. Test Report14.1 The producer shall submit to the user, at the time ofshipment or as promptly as possible thereafter, a certifiedreport of the measured core loss value(s) or other required testvalue(s) to show that the material conforms to the individualspecification or the purchase order. The test methods andapplicable test conditions, including the tes
