1、Designation: A350/A350M 14Standard Specification forCarbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring NotchToughness Testing for Piping Components1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A350/A350M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scop
3、e*1.1 This specification2covers several grades of carbon andlow-alloy steel forged or ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings andvalves intended primarily for low-temperature service andrequiring notch toughness testing. They are made to specifieddimensions, or to dimensional standards, such as the ASM
4、Eand API Specifications referenced in Section 2. Although thisspecification covers some piping components machined fromrolled bar and seamless tubular materials (see 5.3.3), it does notcover raw material produced in these product forms.1.2 No limitation on size is intended beyond the ability ofthe m
5、anufacturer to obtain the specified requirements.However, Class 3 of Grade LF787 is only available in thequenched-and-precipitation heat treated condition.1.3 Supplementary requirements are provided for use whenadditional testing or inspection is desired. These shall applyonly when specified by the
6、purchaser in the order.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units. However, unless the order specifies theapplicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound
7、unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with th
8、estandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsA961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements forSteel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts forPiping Applications2.2 ASME Standards:B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged
9、Fittings4B 16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fittings4B 16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions ofFerrous Valves4B 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding andThreaded4B 16.30 Unfired Pressure Vessel Flange Dimensions4B 16.34 Valves-Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End4B 16.47 Large
10、 Diameter Steel Flanges42.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:Section IX22.4 AWS Standards:A 5.1 Mild Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes5A 5.5 Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes52.5 API Standards:6600 Steel Gate Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends602 Compact Design Carbon Steel
11、 Gate Valves for RefineryUse605 Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges3. Ordering Information3.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order information necessary to purchase the needed1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel a
12、nd Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originallyapproved in 1952. Last pre
13、vious edition approved in 2013 as A350/A350M13.DOI: 10.1520/A0350_A0350M-14.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-350 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at ser
14、viceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available fr
15、om American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.6Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/api-ec.api.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,
16、100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1material. In addition to the ordering information guidelines inSpecification A961/A961M, orders should include the follow-ing information:3.1.1 The number of test reports required (see Section 14).3.1.2 Additional re
17、quirements (see Table 1 footnotes).4. General Requirements4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including anysupplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchaseorder. Failure to comply with the general requirements ofSpeci
18、fication A961/A961M constitutes nonconformance withthis specification. In case of conflict between the requirementsof this specification and Specification A961/A961M, thisspecification shall prevail.5. Manufacture5.1 Melting ProcessThe steel shall be produced by any ofthe following primary processes
19、: open-hearth, basic oxygen,electric-furnace, or vacuum-induction melting (VIM). Theprimary melting may incorporate separate degassing orrefining, and may be followed by secondary melting usingelectroslag remelting (ESR), or vacuum-arc remelting (VAR).5.1.1 The steel shall be fully killed, fine-grai
20、n practice.5.1.2 The molten steel may be vacuum treated prior to orduring pouring of the ingot.5.2 DiscardA sufficient discard shall be made to securefreedom from injurious piping and undue segregation.5.3 Forging Process:5.3.1 Material for forgings shall consist of ingots, or forged,rolled, or stra
21、ndcast blooms, billets, slabs, or bars.5.3.2 The finished product shall be a forging as defined inthe Terminology section of Specification A788/A788M.5.3.3 Except for flanges of all types, hollow, cylindrically-shaped parts may be machined from rolled bar or seamlesstubular materials provided that t
22、he axial length of the part isapproximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the stock.Other parts, excluding flanges of all types, may be machinedfrom hot-rolled or forged bar up through and including NPS4.Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not bemachined directly from bar stock.5
23、.4 Heat Treatment:5.4.1 After hot working and before reheating for heattreatment, the forging shall be allowed to cool substantiallybelow the transformation range.5.4.2 Forgings of grades other than Grade LF787 shall befurnished in the normalized, or normalized and tempered, orquenched and tempered
24、condition.5.4.2.1 Quenching shall consist of either:(1) fully austenitizing the forgings followed by quenchingin a suitable liquid medium, or(2) using a multiple stage procedure whereby the forging isfirst fully austenitized and rapidly cooled, then reheated topartially re-asutenitize, followed by q
25、uenching in a suitableliquid medium.5.4.2.2 All quenched forgings shall be tempered to 5.4.2.35.4.2.3 Forgings, when tempered, shall be tempered at 1100F 590 C, minimum, holding at temperature a minimum of30 min/in. 30 min/25 mm of maximum thickness, but in nocase less than 30 min.5.4.3 Grade LF787
26、forgings shall be furnished in either thenormalized-and-precipitation heat treated condition or in thequenched-and-precipitation heat treated condition. The heattreatment procedures shall be as follows:5.4.3.1 Normalized-and-Precipitation Heat TreatedAustenitize in the range from 1600 to 1725 F 870
27、to 940 Cfor not less than12 h, and remove from the furnace and cool inair. Subsequently, artificially age in the range from 1000 to1200 F 540 to 650 C for not less than12 h, and cool at anyconvenient rate.5.4.3.2 Quenched-and-Precipitation Heat TreatedAustenitize in the range from 1600 to 1725 F 870
28、 to 940 Cfor not less than12 h and quench in a suitable liquid mediumby immersion; artificially age in the range from 1000 to 1225F 540 to 665 C for not less than12 h, and cool at anyconvenient rate.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElementComposition, wt. %Grade LF1 Grade LF2 Grade LF3 Grade LF5 Grade L
29、F6 Grade LF9 Grade LF787Carbon, max 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.22 0.20 0.07Manganese 0.601.35 0.601.35 0.90 max 0.601.35 1.151.50 0.401.06 0.400.70Phosphorus,max0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.025 0.035 0.025Sulfur, max 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.025 0.040 0.025SiliconA0.150.30 0.150.30 0.200.35 0.200.35 0.150.
30、30 . 0.40 maxNickel 0.40 maxB0.40 maxB3.33.7 1.02.0 0.40 maxB1.602.24 0.701.00Chromium 0.30 maxB,C0.30 maxB,C0.30 maxC0.30 maxC0.30 maxB,C0.30 maxC0.600.90Molybdenum 0.12 maxB,C0.12 maxB,C0.12 maxC0.12 maxC0.12 maxB,C0.12 maxC0.150.25Copper 0.40 maxB0.40 maxB0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 maxB0.751.25 1.001
31、.30Columbium 0.02 maxD0.02 maxD0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 minVanadium 0.08 max 0.08 max 0.03 max 0.03 max 0.040.11 0.03 max 0.03 maxNitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.010.030 . . . . . .AWhen vacuum carbon-deoxidation is required by Supplementary Requirement S4, the silicon content sha
32、ll be 0.12 % maximum.BThe sum of copper, nickel, chromium, vanadium and molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 % on heat analysis.CThe sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 % on heat analysis.DBy agreement, the limit for columbium may be increased up to 0.05 % on heat analysis and 0.06 % on
33、 product analysis.A350/A350M 1426. Chemical Composition6.1 Heat Analysis:6.1.1 A chemical heat analysis in accordance with Specifi-cation A961/A961M shall be made and conform to therequirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.Leaded steels shall not be permitted.6.2 Product Analysis
34、:6.2.1 The purchaser may make a product analysis on prod-ucts supplied to this specification in accordance with Specifi-cation A961/A961M.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Tension Tests:7.1.1 RequirementsThe material shall conform to require-ments for tensile properties in Table 2.7.1.1.1 The test specime
35、n shall be obtained from a rough orfinished forging, or prolongation thereof. For forgings under10 000 lbs, at time of heat treatment, it may be obtained fromseparately forged test blanks from the same heat of steel as theproduction forgings. The test blank shall be reduced by forgingin a manner sim
36、ilar to that for the products represented, andshall receive approximately the same hot working and reduc-tion and the same heat treatment as the finished productsrepresented. The test material shall be treated in the samefurnace at the same time as the forging it represents, subject tothe requiremen
37、ts of 7.1.2.1.7.1.1.2 The test specimen shall represent all forgings fromthe same heat and heat-treatment load whose maximum thick-nesses do not exceed the thickness of the test forging or blankby more than14 in. 6 mm.7.1.2 Number of TestsOne tension test at room tempera-ture shall be made in accord
38、ance with 7.1.1.2 from each heat ineach heat-treatment load.7.1.2.1 If heat treatment is performed in either a continuousor a batch-type furnace controlled within 625 F 614 C ofthe required heat-treatment temperature and equipped withrecording pyrometers so that complete records of heat treat-ment a
39、re available and if the same heat-treating cycles are usedon the forgings represented by the tension test, then one tensiontest from each heat shall be required, instead of one tension testfrom each heat in each heat treatment load in accordance with7.1.1.2.7.1.3 Test Locations and OrientationsThe t
40、est specimenshall be removed from the heaviest section of the forging ortest blank, at locations described in 7.1.3.1, 7.1.3.2, 7.1.3.5 oras close to these locations as practical, subject to forging sizeand geometry.7.1.3.1 For forgings or test blanks having a maximumheat-treated thickness, T, of 2
41、in. 50 mm or less, thelongitudinal axis of the test specimen shall be taken atmid-thickness and its mid-length shall be at least 2 in. 50 mmfrom all other heat treated surfaces, exclusive of the Tdimension surfaces. (This is normally referred to as12 T by 2in. 50 mm). See Fig. 1 for test specimen lo
42、cation in separatelyforged test blanks.7.1.3.2 For forgings or test blanks having a maximumheat-treated thickness, T, greater than 2 in. 50 mm:(1) Except as stated in 7.1.3.2 (2) and 7.1.3.2 (3), thecentral axis of the test specimen shall be taken at least14 Tfrom the nearest heat-treated surface an
43、d its mid-length shall beTABLE 2 Tensile Properties at Room TemperatureAGradesLF1 and LF5Class 1LF2Classes1 and 2LF3Classes 1and 2LF5Class 2LF6 LF9 LF787Class 1 Classes 2and 3Class 2 Class 3Tensile strength, ksi MPa 608541558570954856557095485655669145563075100515690638843560565854505857595515655Yie
44、ld strength, min, ksi MPaB,C30 205 36 250 37.5 260 52 360 60 415 46 315 55 380 65 450Elongation:Standard round specimen, orsmall proportional specimen,min % in4D gauge length25 22 22 22 20 25 20 20Strip specimen for wall thickness516 in. 7.94 mm and overand for all small sizes testedin full section;
45、 min % in 2 in.50 mm28 30 30 30 28 28 28 28Equation for calculating minelongation for strip specimensthinner than516 in. 7.94 mm;min % in 2 in. 50 mmt = actual thickness in inches48t +13 48t +15 48t +15 48t +15 48t +13 48t +13 48t +13 48t +13Reduction of area, min, % 38 30 35 40 40 38 45 45ASee 7.3
46、for hardness tests.BDetermined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension under load method.CFor round specimens only.A350/A350M 143at least 2 in. 50 mm from all other heat treated surfaces,exclusive of the T dimension surfaces. See Fig. 2 for testspecimen location in separately forged
47、 test blanks.(2) For quenched-and-tempered or for quenched-and-precipitation-heat-treated forgings, the central axis of the testspecimen shall be taken at least14 T from the nearest heat-treated surface, and the mid-length of the test specimen shall beat least T from all other heat treated surfaces,
48、 exclusive of theT dimension surfaces. See Fig. 3 for test specimen location inseparately forged test blanks.(3) For quenched-and-tempered or for quenched-and-precipitationheat-treated forgings that have a W/T ratio 2in.50mmandNotQuenched and TemperedFIG. 3 Separately Forged Test Blank for Forgings
49、withT2in.50mmandQuenched and Tempered or Quenched and Precipitation-Heat TreatedA350/A350M 1469. Surface Finish, Appearance, and Corrosion Protection9.1 Forgings and finished parts shall conform to the require-ments of Specification A961/A961M.10. Retests10.1 If any test specimen shows flaws or defectivemachining, it may be discarded and another specimen substi-tuted.11. Rework and Retreatment11.1 If the results of the mechanical tests d
