1、Designation: A354 11A354 17Standard Specification forQuenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and OtherExternally Threaded Fasteners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This
3、 specification2 covers the chemical and mechanical requirements of quenched and tempered alloy steel bolts, studs, andother externally threaded fasteners 4 in. and under in diameter for application at normal atmospheric temperatures, where highstrength is required and for limited application at elev
4、ated temperature (Note 1). Any alloy steel capable of meeting the minimummechanical and chemical properties set forth in this specification may be used.NOTE 1For bolts, studs, or other externally threaded fasteners, to be used at elevated temperatures, refer to Specification A193/A193M.1.2 Two level
5、s of bolting strength strength levels are covered, designated Grades BC and BD. Selection will depend upon designand the stresses and service for which the product is to be used.NOTE 2Quenched and tempered alloy steel bolts for structural steel joints up through 112 in. in diameter are covered in Sp
6、ecificationA490F3125/F3125M.Alloy steel bolts, studs, and other externally threaded fasteners (that is, heavy hex-structural bolts over 1For fastener diameter sizesabove 1 12 in., hex bolts, anchor bolts, and countersunk bolts) exhibiting similar mechanical properties to bolts conforming to Grade BC
7、 may beconsidered for structural steel bolting where tensile strength above 120 ksi is necessary and Grade BD may be considered for structural steel bolting wheretensile strength above 150 ksi is necessary. In this event, additional requirements of Specification A490F3125/F3125M shall be covered by
8、Grade BDof this specification. , such as head size, lubricant, and magnetic particle inspection, should be carefully considered.When bolts of Grade BD of this specification are considered for pretentioned applications in excess of 50 % of the bolt tensile strength, the additionalrequirements of head
9、 size, maximum tensile strength, nut size and strength, washer hardness, tests, and inspections contained in Specification A490 shouldbe carefully considered.1.3 Nuts are covered in Specification A563. Unless otherwise specified, the grade and style of nut for each grade of fastenershall be as follo
10、ws:1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivetsand Washers.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2011May 1, 2017. Published December 2011June 2017. Originally approved in 1952. Last
11、previous edition approved in 20072011 asA354 07a.A354 11. DOI: 10.1520/A0354-11.10.1520/A0354-17.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-354 in Section II of that Code.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an AS
12、TM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published
13、 by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Grade of Fastener and Surface FinishNut Grade andStyleABC, plain (or w
14、ith a coating of insufficient thick-ness to require over-tapped nuts)C, heavy hexBC, zinc-coated (or with a coating thickness re-quiring over-tapped nuts)DH, heavy hexBD, all finishes DH, heavy hexA Nuts of other grades and styles having specified proof load stresses (Specification A563, Table 3) gr
15、eater than the specified grade and style of nut are suitable.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Optional supplementary requirements are providedat the end of this standard.1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwis
16、e defined herein.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision o
17、n Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A193/A193M Specification forAlloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for HighTemperature
18、 or High Pressure Service and OtherSpecial Purpose ApplicationsA490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength (Withdrawn 2016)4A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis o
19、f Steel ProductsB695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and SteelE23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic MaterialsE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingD3951E1268 Practice for Commercial PackagingAssessing the Degree of Banding or Orientation of M
20、icrostructuresE1417/E1417M Practice for Liquid Penetrant TestingE1444/E1444M Practice for Magnetic Particle TestingE2884 Guide for Eddy Current Testing of Electrically Conducting Materials Using Conformable Sensor ArraysF436F436/F436M Specification for Hardened Steel Washers (Metric) F0436_F0436M In
21、ch and Metric DimensionsF606F606/F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, and Rivets (Metric) F0606_F0606M Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities of Bolts, Screws, and Stud
22、s, Inch and Metric SeriesF1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance InspectionF1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersF2328 Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization in Hardened and Tempered, Threaded, Steel Bolts,Screws, Studs,
23、 and NutsF2329F2329/F2329M Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded FastenersF3125/F3125M Specification for High Strength Structural Bolts, Steel andAlloy Steel, Heat Treated, 120 ksi (830 MPa) a
24、nd 150ksi (1040 MPa) Minimum Tensile Strength, Inch and Metric Dimensions2.2 ASME Standards:4B1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws, Inch SeriesB18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Standard for B18 Fastener Products2.3 ISO Publication5ISO TR 20491 Fundamentals
25、of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Steel Fasteners63 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Available from
26、 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, ThreeTwo Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990,http:/www.asme.org.5 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Gen
27、eva,Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.6 Pending approval.A354 1723. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for bolts and studs (including nuts and accessories) under this specification shall include the following:3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.2 Name of product (that is, bolt or stud),3.1.3 Grade
28、 (that is, BC or BD),3.1.4 Quantities (number of pieces by size, including nuts), nuts, and washers),3.1.5 Size and length, Size, including nominal bolt diameter and bolt length, and thread pitch if other than standard,3.1.6 WashersSpecify quantity and size (separate from bolts) (4.3),3.1.6 Zinc Coa
29、tingWhen zinc-coated Grade BC fasteners are required, specify the zinc-coating process required, for examplehot-dip, mechanically deposited, or no preference (see 4.44.3).3.1.7 Other FinishesSpecify other protective finish, if required.3.1.8 Specify if inspection at point of manufacture is required,
30、3.1.9 Specify if Certification Test Reports (Section 1417) isare required, and3.1.10 Specify additional testing (Section 912) or special requirements. requirements, and3.1.11 Any supplementary requirements.3.1.12 For establishment of a part identifying system, see ASME B18.24.4. Materials and Manufa
31、cture4.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen process.4.1 All fasteners shall be heat-treated.At the option of the manufacturer, heat treatment may be performed on the raw material,during the manufacturing operations, or after final forming or machining. Heat
32、 treatment shall consist of quenching in a liquidmedium (except Grade BD sizes 112 in. and smaller shall be quenched in oil) from above the austenite transformation temperatureand then temperatingtempering by reheating to a temperature of not less than 800F (427C) for Grade BC and for Grade BD.800F.
33、 When heat treatment is performed after threading for headed fasteners or double end studs, the fasteners shall be quenchedin oil.NOTE 3The manufacturer should ensure that the austenite transformation temperature has been exceeded and sufficient time allowed to achieveadequate transformation to mart
34、ensite throughout the fastener during quenching. This requirement is especially critical for sizes above 112 in. as theyrequire more time for heat transfer from the center. This microstructure helps to ensure uniform mechanical properties, specifically hardness, strength andtoughness, are achieved t
35、hroughout the fastener.4.2 When used, suitable hardened washers shall be quenched and tempered (non-carburized) Washers for bolts supplied to thisstandard shall be in accordance with Specification F436F436/F436M. Nuts for bolts supplied to this standard shall be in accordancewith Specification A563.
36、4.3 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically Deposited: Deposited Requiring Over-tapped Nuts:4.3.1 When zinc-coated fasteners are required, the purchaser shall specify the zinc coating process, for example, hot-dip,mechanically deposited, or no preference.4.3.2 When “hot-dip” is specified, the fasten
37、ers threaded components (bolts and nuts) shall be zinc coated by the hot-dip processin accordance with the requirements of Specification F2329F2329/F2329M.4.3.3 When mechanically deposited“mechanically deposited” is specified, the fasteners threaded components (bolts and nuts)shall be zinc-coated by
38、 the mechanical-deposition process in accordance with the requirements of Class 55 of Specification B695.4.3.4 When no preference is specified, the supplier may furnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance with SpecificationF2329F2329/F2329M, or a mechanically deposited zinc coating in accord
39、ance with Specification B695, Class 55. Threadedcomponents (bolts and nuts) shall be coated by the same zinc-coating process and the suppliers option is limited to one processper item with no mixed processes in a lot.NOTE 3When the intended application requires that assembled tension exceeds 50 % of
40、 minimum bolt proof load, an anti-galling lubricant may beneeded.Application of such a lubricant to nuts and a test of the lubricant efficiency are provided in Supplementary Requirement S1 of Specification A563and should be specified when required.4.3.5 Unless otherwise specified, when zinc-coated w
41、ashers are required, the washers shall be hot-dip zinc coated in accordancewith Specification F2329/F2329M, or mechanically deposited zinc-coated in accordance with Specification B695, Class 55. Thecoating process for the washers need not be the same as that for the threaded components (bolts and nu
42、ts).NOTE 4See ISO TR 204916, “Fundamentals of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Steel Fasteners”, listed in 2.3, in regard to the susceptibility of highhardness, electroplated zinc coated materials to hydrogen embrittlement.4.4 Zinc-coated bolts and nuts shall be shipped in the same container unless specifi
43、cally requested otherwise by the purchaser.Other Coatings:NOTE 4Research conducted on bolts of similar material and manufacture indicates that hydrogen-stress cracking or stress cracking corrosion mayoccur on hot-dip galvanized Grade BD bolts.A354 1734.4.1 When other coatings are required, the purch
44、aser shall specify the coating specification, including the classification codesor grade numbers to identify the coating material, thickness, supplemental treatments, or other requirements to define the coating.The fasteners shall be coated in accordance with and conform to the specified coating spe
45、cification.4.4.2 When a specification does not apply, the purchaser shall specify the desired coating, coating thickness, supplementarytreatments, or other requirements to define the coating.5. Chemical Composition5.1 All fasteners shall be made from alloy steel conforming to the chemical compositio
46、n requirements in accordance with Table1. The steel shall contain sufficient alloying elements to qualify it as an alloy steel.NOTE 5Steel is considered to be alloy, by the American Iron and Steel Institute, when the maximum of the range given for the content of alloyingelements exceeds one or more
47、of the following limits: manganese, 1.65 %; silicon, 0.60 %; copper, 0.60 %; or in which a definite range or a definiteminimum quantity of any of the following elements is specified or required within the limits of the recognized field of constructional alloy steels:aluminum, chromium up to 3.99 %,
48、cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any other alloying elementsadded to obtain a desired alloying effect.5.2 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser from finished material representing each lot of fasteners. The chemicalcomposition thus determined
49、 shall conform to the requirements given in Table 1. Choice of alloy steel composition necessary toensure meeting the specified mechanical requirements shall be made by the manufacturer and shall be reported to the purchaserfor information purposes only.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAlloy Steel for Sizes through 4 in. for Grade BC and through 2 14 in. forGrade BDElement Heat Analysis, % ProductAnalysis, %Carbon:For sizes through112 in.0.30 to 0.53 0.28 to 0.55Carbon: 0.30 to 0.53 0.28 to 0.55For sizes larger than112 in.0.35 to 0.53 0.33 to 0.55Manganese,
