1、Designation: A 395/A 395M 99 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Specification forFerritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use atElevated Temperatures1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 395/A 395M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original ad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1
3、. Scope1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings forpressure-retaining parts for use at elevated temperatures. Cast-ings of all grades are suitable for use up to 450F. Fortemperatures above 450F and up to 650F, only Grade604018 castings are suitable (Note 1).1.2 Valves, flanges, pipe fitti
4、ngs, pumps, and other pipingcomponents are generally manufactured in advance and sup-plied from stock by the manufacturer, jobber, or dealer.1.3 For supplemental casting requirements, SpecificationA 834 may be utilized.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded se
5、parately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.NOTE 1For service other than as specified in this section, reference
6、should be made to Specification A 536 for Ductile Iron Castings.22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure ofGraphite in Iron CastingsA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 536 Specification for Ductile Iron Ca
7、stingsA 732/A 732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, andCobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated TemperaturesA 834 Specification for Common Requirements for IronCastings for General Industrial UseE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Meta
8、llic MaterialsE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-alsE 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-in. 51 to 114-mm) Steel CastingsE 280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to12-in. 114 to 305-mm) Steel CastingsE 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to
9、 2 in.51 mm in ThicknessE 689 Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron CastingsE 1806 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determi-nation of Chemical CompositionF 1476 Specification for Performance of Gasketed Me-chanical Couplings for Use in Piping ApplicationsF 1548 Specification for Performance
10、 of Fittings for Usewith Gasketed Mechanical Couplings Used in PipingApplications2.2 Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valveand Fittings Industry Standard:3SP 25 Standard Marking Systems for Valves, Flanges, PipeFittings, and Unions3. Classification3.1 Castings ordered to this specificati
11、on are classified bygrades based on mechanical property requirements, as listed inTable 1. See note following Table 1.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following applicable information:4.1.1 Drawing, catalog number, or part identifications,4.1.1
12、.1 For grade 65-45-15, drawing indicating critical ar-ea(s) of casting (see 7.2.2 and 7.3.2).4.1.2 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),4.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.4 Grade (See Table 1), if a Grade is not specified, themanufacturer shall supply grade 60-40-18.4.1.5 Heat-treating re
13、quirements (see 5.2.1),4.1.6 Pressure test requirements (see 7.4.3),1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on IronCastings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable andDuctile Iron Castings.Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published August
14、 2009. Originallyapproved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A 395/A 395M 99(2004).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Doc
15、ument Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.7 Test s
16、amples from castings (see 11.1.1 and 12.1.1),4.1.8 Test coupons size (see 11.2),4.1.9 Metallographic option (see 12.1.1),4.1.10 Place of inspection (see 16.1),4.1.11 Certification requirements (see 17.1),4.1.12 Identification marking (see 18.2), and4.1.13 Supplemental Requirements (see 1.4, 7.4.2,S1
17、andS2).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The melting method and the nodularizing practice shallbe optional with the foundry.5.2 Except as provided in 5.2.1, all castings Grade 60-40-18shall be given a ferritizing heat treatment that producesessentially a ferritic structure that contains no massive car
18、-bides.5.2.1 When specified in the purchase order, Grade 60-40-18castings may be provided in an as-cast condition provided theycomply with the requirements of 7.1 and 7.2.1.5.2.2 Castings supplied in accordance with 5.2.1 may bestress relieved by agreement between the manufacturer andpurchaser.5.3 C
19、astings Grade 65-45-15 may be provided in as-castcondition or heat treated, provided they comply with therequirements of 7.1, 7.2.2, and 7.3.2.6. Chemical Requirements6.1 The casting shall conform to the following requirementsfor chemical composition (Note 2):Total carbon, min, % 3.00Silicon, max, %
20、 2.50Phosphorus, max, % 0.086.1.1 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be madeon chilled cast pencil type specimens or from thin wafersapproximately132 in. 0.8 mm thick cut from test coupons.Drillings are not reliable because of the probable loss ofgraphite.6.1.2 For each reduction of 0.01 %
21、 below the maximumspecified phosphorus content, an increase of 0.08 % siliconabove the specified maximum will be permitted up to amaximum of 2.75 %.NOTE 2Silicon contents above 2.75 %, or phosphorus contents above0.08 % have a tendency to lower the impact resistance of the material. Ifthe carbon con
22、tent is below 3.00 %, excess cementite may form duringcooling and if this is not removed during heat treatment, the impactresistance of the material may be lowered.7. Requirements7.1 Tensile Properties:7.1.1 The ductile iron as represented by the test specimensshall conform to the mechanical propert
23、y requirements in Table1.7.2 Hardness:7.2.1 For Grade 604018, the hardness of the castings andtest specimens shall be within the limits in Table 1.7.2.2 For Grade 654515, the hardness of test specimenand the critical area(s) of the casting, as identified on thecasting drawing, shall be within the li
24、mits in Table 1. If thegrade 654515 casting drawing does not have critical area(s)of the casting identified, all areas of the casting shall be withinthe hardness limits in Table 1.7.3 Microstructure:7.3.1 For Grade 60-40-18, the microstructure of the sepa-rately cast test coupon or the casting shall
25、 be essentially ferriticand contain no massive carbides, and have a minimum of 90 %Type I and Type II Graphite as in Fig. 1 or Plate I of TestMethod A 247.7.3.2 For Grade 65-45-15, the microstructure of the criticalareas of the casting, as identified on the casting drawing, shallbe 45 % pearlitic, m
26、aximum, contain no massive carbides, andhave a minimum 90 % Type I and Type II Graphite as in Fig.1 or Plate I of Test Method A 247.7.4 Pressure Test Requirements:7.4.1 Each pressure retaining Grade 60-40-18 casting shallbe tested after machining to the test pressure specified by theapplicable stand
27、ard of ANSI, ASME Boiler and PressureVessel Code, or other pertinent code, and shall show no leaks.7.4.2 Castings Grade 65-45-15 manufactured under thisspecification shall be capable of passing hydrostatic test(s)compatible with the rating of the finished cast component.Such tests shall be conducted
28、 by the casting manufacturer onlywhen Supplementary Requirement S2 is specified.7.4.3 Castings Grade 60-40-18, ordered under this specifi-cation not covered by ANSI standards and ASME PressureVessel Code, and castings for special service applications, shallbe tested to such pressures as may be agree
29、d upon by themanufacturer and the purchaser.7.4.4 For castings Grade 60-40-18, it is realized that thefoundry may be unable to perform the hydrostatic test prior toshipment, or that the purchaser may wish to defer testing untiladditional work or machining has been performed on thecasting. Castings o
30、rdered in the rough state for final machiningby the purchaser may be tested hydrostatically prior to ship-ment by the manufacturer at pressures to be agreed upon withthe purchaser. However, the foundry is responsible for thesatisfactory performance of the castings under the final hydro-static test.8
31、. Workmanship and Finish8.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined visuallyand shall be free from adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hottears. Any other surface discontinuities shall meet visualacceptance standards specified in the order.9. Repair9.1 Castings for valves, flanges, pipe fittings,
32、 pumps, andother piping components ordered under applicable ANSI stan-dards shall not be repaired by plugging, welding, brazing, orimpregnation.TABLE 1 Mechanical Property RequirementsProperty Grade 60-40-18 Grade 65-45-15Tensile Strength Minimum, psi MPa 60 000 415 65 000 450Yield Strength Minimum,
33、 psi MPa 40 000 275 45 000 310Elongation in 2 in. Minimum, % 18 15Hardness HB, 3000 kgf Load 143-187 156-201A 395/A 395M 99 (2009)29.2 Castings Grade 60-40-18 not covered in 9.1 which leakon hydrostatic tests may be repaired by plugging, provided thefollowing requirements are met:9.2.1 No welding or
34、 brazing is permitted.9.2.2 The diameter of the plug shall not exceed the diameterof a standard 2 in. ISO R2 pipe plug.9.2.3 The plugs, where practical, shall conform in alldimensions to the standard ISO38 plugs. In addition, theyshall have full thread engagement corresponding to the thick-ness in t
35、he repaired section. Where a tapered plug is imprac-tical because of the excess wall thickness in terms of plugdiameter and coincident thread engagement, other types ofplugs may be used provided both full engagement and effectivesealing against pressure are obtained. Where possible, the endsof the p
36、lug should be ground smooth after installation toconform to the inside and outside contours of the wall of thepressure vessel or pressure part.9.2.4 The material from which the plug is manufacturedshall conform in all respects to the materials specifications thatapply to the pressure vessel or press
37、ure part.9.2.5 The area adjacent to the drilled hole shall be examinedby radiography, and shall meet the Level 3 acceptance require-ments of Reference Radiographs E 689 and supporting Refer-ence Radiographs E 446, E 186,orE 280 as applicable anddefined in accordance with Reference Radiographs E 689.
38、9.2.6 The thickness of any repaired section in relation to thesize of the plug used shall not be less than that given in Table2.9.2.7 The minimum radius of repaired sections of cylindersor cones in relation to the size of plug used shall not be lessthan that given in Table 3.9.2.8 A repaired area ma
39、y consist of a maximum of threeplugs with a spacing such that the ligaments between adjacentplugs shall not be less than listed in Table 4. Other defectiveNOTEGraphite types are identical with Plate 1 of Test Method A 247 and are so identified.FIG. 1 Suggested Classification of Graphite Form in Duct
40、ile Cast IronA 395/A 395M 99 (2009)3areas may also be repaired by plugging provided the minimumligament between plugs in adjacent areas is not less than twicethe distance from the nearest plug, the values for which arelisted in Table 4.9.3 Surface imperfections in castings Grade 60-40-18 otherthan v
41、alves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps, and other pipingcomponents may be repaired by plugging provided the depth ofthe plug is not greater than 20 % of the thickness of the castingsection and the diameter of the plug is not greater than itslength. Repair of surface defects may not be done on pressure
42、-containing portions of castings. The plug need not be threaded.The conditions of 9.2.1 and 9.2.4 shall also be satisfied.10. Sampling10.1 A lot shall consist of one of the following:10.1.1 All the metal from a single heating in a batch-typemelting furnace.10.1.2 All the metal poured from two or mor
43、e batch-typemelting furnaces into a single ladle or a single casting.10.1.3 All the metal poured from a continuous meltingfurnace for a given period of time between changes in charge,processing conditions, or aim-for chemistry, or 8 h, whicheveris the shorter period.11. Test Coupon11.1 The separatel
44、y cast test coupons poured from the samelot as the castings they represent from which the tension testspecimen is machined shall be cast to the size and shape shownin Fig. 2, Fig. 3,orFig. 4. Cast coupons shall be identified withthe castings they represent. Sectioning procedure for removingtest spec
45、imens from Y-blocks is shown in Fig. 5.11.1.1 Test samples may be removed from castings atlocations designated on a drawing or as agreed to by manu-facturer and purchaser.11.1.2 Test bars removed from castings shall conform toFig. 6. The testing diameter shall be12 in. 12.5 mm ifpossible. Smaller di
46、ameters shall be utilized if necessary.11.2 The test coupon size shall be as mutually agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and purchaser. In the absence ofagreement, it shall be the option of the manufacturer.11.3 The test coupons shall be cast in molds made ofsuitable core sand having a minimum wall
47、 thickness of 112 in.38 mm for the12 in. 12.5 mm, 1 in. 25 mm sizes, and 3in. 75 mm for the 3 in. 75 mm size. The coupons shall beleft in the mold until they have changed to a black color(approximately 900F 480C or less). The keel block asshown in Fig. 2 or the modified keel block produced from them
48、old shown in Fig. 4 may be substituted for the 1 in. 25 mmblock shown in Fig. 3.11.4 When investment castings are made to this specifica-tion, the manufacturer may use test specimens cast to sizeincorporated in the mold with the castings or separately cast tosize using the same type of mold and the
49、same thermalconditions that are used to produce the castings. These testspecimens shall be made to the dimensions shown in Fig. 1 ofSpecification A 732/A 732M or Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 of TestMethods and Definitions A 370.11.5 The manufacturer shall cast a sufficient number of testcoupons to provide for each ferritizing anneal. The testTABLE 2 Minimum Thickness of Repaired SectionsIron Pipe Size Plug, in.Minimum Thickness RepairedSection, in. mm181132 814716 103812 13122132 173434 1911316 2111478 23
