1、Designation: A 401/A 401M 03Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 401/A 401M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers round chromium-silicon alloysteel spring wire having properties and quality intended for themanufacture of
3、 springs resistant to set when used at moderatelyelevated temperatures. This product is not meant to be used forhigh cycle fatique applications (see Specification A 877/A 877M). This wire shall be provided either in the annealedand cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by thepurchaser.1.
4、2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated ineach system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independent of the other.2. Referenced Docume
5、nts2.1 ASTM Standards:A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel Products2A 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipment3A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel Products2A 752 Specificati
6、on for General Requirements for WireRods and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy Steel2A 877/A 877M Specification for Steel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloy Valve Spring Quality2E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications42.2 ANSI Standard:B 32.4 Preferred Me
7、tric Sizes for Round, Square, Rectangleand Hexagon Metal Products52.3 Federal Standards:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)62.4 Military Standard:MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-ment and Storage62.5 AIAG Standard:AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification
8、Tag Appli-cation Standard73. Ordering Information3.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specifyall requirements that are necessary for material under thisspecification. Such requirements may include, but are notlimited to, the following:3.1.1 Quantity (mass),3.1.2 Name of material (c
9、hromium-silicon alloy steel wire),3.1.3 Dimensions (Table 1 and Section 8),3.1.4 Condition (Section 6),3.1.5 Packaging (Section 14),3.1.6 Heat analysis report, if requested (5.2),3.1.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Sec-tion 13), and3.1.8 ASTM designation and year of issue.NOTE
10、 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 20 000-kg,oil-tempered chromium-silicon alloy steel wire, size 6.00 mm in 150 kgcoils to ASTM A 401/A 401M dated _, or for inch-pound units,40 000-lb oil-tempered chromium-silicon alloy steel spring wire, size0.250 in. in 350-lb coils to ASTM A 401/A 4
11、01M dated _.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel may be made by any commercially acceptedsteel making process. The steel may be either ingot cast orstrand cast.4.2 The finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipeand undue segregation.5. Chemical Composition5.1 The steel shall conform to th
12、e requirements of Grade9254 for chemical composition specified in Table 2.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2
13、003. Published Sept. 2003. Originallyapproved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as A 401/A 401M 98.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI),
14、 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.6Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.7Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48034.1*A Summary of Ch
15、anges section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 Heat AnalysisEach heat of steel shall be analyzed bythe manufacturer to determine the percentage of elementsprescribed in Table 2. T
16、his analysis shall be made from a testspecimen preferably taken during the pouring of the heat.When requested, this shall be reported to the purchaser andshall conform to the requirements of Table 2.5.3 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by thepurchaser from finished wire representing each heat
17、 of steel.The chemical composition thus determined, as to elementsrequired or restricted, shall conform to the product analysisrequirements in Table 4 of Specification A 752.5.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A 751 shall be used.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Annealed and
18、 Cold DrawnWhen purchased in theannealed and cold-drawn condition, the wire shall have beengiven a sufficient amount of cold working to meet the purchas-ers coiling requirements and shall be in a suitable condition torespond properly to heat treatment. In special cases thehardness or tensile strengt
19、h, if desired, shall be stated in thepurchase order.6.2 Oil TemperedWhen purchased in the oil-temperedcondition, the tensile strength and minimum percent reductionof area, sizes 2.50 mm 0.105 in. and coarser, of the wire shallconform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.NOTE 2Any specimen break
20、ing in the grips shall be discarded and anew specimen tested if the specified mechanical properties are notachieved.6.2.1 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a givenlot shall be tested.6.2.2 Location of TestsTest specimens sh
21、all be taken fromeither end of the coil.6.2.3 Test MethodThe tension test shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.6.3 Wrap Test:6.3.1 Oil-tempered or cold drawn wire 4.00 mm 0.162 in.and smaller in diameter shall wind on itself as an arbor withoutbreakage. Larger diameter
22、wire up to and including 8.00 mm0.312 in. in diameter shall wrap without breakage on amandrel twice the wire diameter. The wrap test is not appli-cable to wire over 8.00 mm 0.312 in. in diameter.6.3.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach 10 coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Ea
23、ch heat in a givenlot shall be tested.6.3.3 Location of TestTest specimens shall be taken fromeither end of the coil.6.3.4 Test MethodThe wrap test shall be made in accor-dance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.7. Metallurgical Requirements7.1 Surface Condition:7.1.1 The surface of the wire as
24、 received shall be free of rustand excessive scale. No serious die marks, scratches, or surfaceTABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsASI UnitsDiameter,BmmMPa, min MPa, maxReduction ofArea, min, %0.80 2080 2260C0.90 2070 2250C1.00 2060 2240C1.10 2040 2220C1.20 2020 2200C1.40 2000 2180C1.60 1980 2160C1.80 1960
25、2140C2.00 1940 2120C2.20 1920 2100C2.50 1900 2080 452.80 1880 2060 453.00 1860 2040 453.50 1840 2020 404.00 1820 2000 404.50 1800 1980 405.00 1780 1960 405.50 1760 1940 406.00 1740 1920 406.50 1720 1900 407.00 1700 1880 408.00 1680 1860 409.00 1660 1840 4010.00 1640 1820 4011.00 1620 1800 3512.0 160
26、0 1780 3513.0 1580 1760 3014.0 1570 1750 3015.0 1560 1740 3016.0 1550 1730 3017.0 1540 1720 3018.0 1530 1710 30Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter,in.ksi, min ksi, maxReduction ofArea, min, %0.032 300 325C0.041 298 323C0.054 292 317C0.062 290 315C0.080 285 310C0.092 280 305 450.120 275 300 450.135 270 295 400.
27、162 265 290 400.177 260 285 400.192 260 283 400.219 255 278 400.250 250 275 400.312 245 270 400.375 240 265 400.438 235 260 350.500 230 255 350.562 228 253 300.625 226 251 300.687 224 249 30ATensile strength values for intermediate diameters may be interpolated.BPreferred sizes. For a complete list,
28、 refer to ANSI B32.4.CThe reduction of area test is not applicable to wire under 2.34 mm 0.092 in.in diameter.TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsUNS Designation G 92540 Grade No. 9254Ranges and Limits, %Carbon ManganesePhosphorus,maxSulfur,maxSilicon Chromium0.510.59 0.600.80 0.035 0.040 1.201.60 0.600.80
29、A 401/A 401M 032imperfections shall be present. Based upon examination ofetched-end specimen, seams shall not exceed 3.5 % of the wirediameter, or 0.25 mm 0.010 in., whichever is the smaller asmeasured on a transverse section.7.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach 10 coils, or
30、 fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat ina given lot shall be tested.7.1.3 Location of TestTest specimens shall be taken fromeither or both ends of the coil.7.1.4 Test MethodThe surface shall be examined afteretching in a solution of equal parts of hydrochloric acid andwater that has been he
31、ated to approximately 80C. Test endsshall be examined using 103 magnification. Any specimensshowing the presence of a questionable surface imperfectionshall have a transverse section taken from the unetched area,properly mounted and polished and examined to measure thedepth of the seam.7.2 Decarburi
32、zation:7.2.1 The depth of complete decarburization (free ferrite)shall not exceed 0.75 % of the wire diameter. The total affecteddepth (free ferrite plus partial decarburization) shall not exceed2 % of the wire diameter on all sizes of wire.7.2.2 Test MethodDecarburization shall be determined byetch
33、ing a suitably polished transverse section of wire withnital. The entire periphery to be examined should be in a singleplane with no edge rounding.7.2.3 The entire periphery shall be examined at a magnifi-cation of no less than 1003 for depth of free ferrite and totalaffected depth. Smaller wire siz
34、es may require higher magni-fication. Measure the worst area present excluding decarbur-ization associated with any surface imperfections. Completedecarburization exists when only free ferrite is present. Partialdecarburization exists when ferrite is found mixed with pearliteor tempered martensite.
35、Structures of 1003 tempered marten-site shall be defined as not decarburized.7.2.4 Decarburization shall be checked on annealed wire bygiving a wire sample an austenitize, oil quench and temper heattreatment. A flat shall be ground on the test sample prior to heattreatment. The flat shall have a min
36、imum width equal to onehalf of the wire diameter. Any decarburization visible on thisground section shall necessitate a retest with new samples. Ifno decarburization is visible on the ground flat, evaluate thecomplete wire section in accordance with 7.2.3.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1
37、The permissible variations in the diameter of the wireshall be as specified in Table 3.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 Annealed and Cold DrawnThe wire shall not bekinked or improperly cast. To test for cast, a few convolutionsof wire shall be cut loose from the coil and placed on a flatsur
38、face. The wire shall lie substantially flat on itself and notspring up nor show a wavy condition.9.2 Oil TemperedThe wire shall be uniform in quality andtemper and shall not be wavy or crooked.9.3 Each coil shall be one continuous length of wireproperly coiled. Welds made prior to cold drawing are p
39、ermit-ted. If unmarked welds are unacceptable to the purchaser,special arrangements should be made with the manufacturer atthe time of the purchase.10. Retests10.1 If any test specimen exhibits obvious defects or showsthe presence of a weld, it may be discarded and anotherspecimen substituted.11. In
40、spection11.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer is responsible for the performance ofall inspection and test requirements specified in this specifica-tion. Except as otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer may use his own or a
41、ny other suitablefacilities for the performance of the inspection and testrequirements unless disapproved by the purchaser at the timethe order is placed. The purchaser shall have the right toperform any of the inspections and tests set forth in thisspecification when such inspections and tests are
42、deemednecessary to assure that the material conforms to prescribedrequirements.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based on testsmade in accordance with these specifications shall be reportedto the manufacturer as soon as possible so that an investigationmay be
43、initiated.12.2 The material must be adequately protected and cor-rectly identified in order that the manufacturer may make aproper investigation.13. Certification13.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, amanufacturers or suppliers certification shall be furnished tothe purchaser that t
44、he material was manufactured, sampled,tested, and inspected in accordance with this specification andhas been found to meet the requirements. When specified in thepurchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall befurnished.13.2 The certification shall include the specification num-ber
45、, year date of issue, and revision letter, if any.14. Packaging, Marking, and Loading for Shipment14.1 The coil mass, dimensions, and the method of packag-ing shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer andpurchaser.TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Wire DiameterASI UnitsDiameterPermissible Variat
46、ions,6 mmPermissible Out-of-RoundTo 2.00, incl 0.03 0.03Over 2.00 to 11.0, incl 0.05 0.05Over 11.00 0.07 0.07Inch-Pound UnitsDiameterPermissible Variations,6 in.Permissible Out-of-Round0.032 to 0.075, incl 0.001 0.001Over 0.075 to 0.438, incl 0.002 0.002Over 0.438 0.003 0.003AFor purposes of determi
47、ning conformance with this specification, all specifiedlimits are absolute as defined in Practice E 29.A 401/A 401M 03314.2 The size of the wire, purchasers order number, ASTMspecification number, heat number, and name or mark of themanufacturer shall be marked on a tag securely attached toeach coil
48、 of wire.14.3 Unless otherwise specified in the purchasers order,packaging, marking, and loading for shipments shall be inaccordance with those procedures recommended by PracticesA 700.14.4 For Government ProcurementPackaging, packing,and marking of material for military procurement shall be inaccor
49、dance with the requirements of MIL-STD-163, Level A,Level C, or commercial as specified in the contract or purchaseorder. Marking for shipment of material for civil agencies shallbe in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123.14.5 Bar CodingIn addition to the previously-stated iden-tification requirements, bar coding is acceptable as a supple-mentary identification method. Bar coding should be consistentwith AIAG B-5 02.00, Primary Metals Identification TagApplication. The bar code may be applied to a substantiallyaffixed tag.15. Keywords15.1
