1、Designation: A401/A401M 10Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A401/A401M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers round and shaped chromium-silicon alloy steel spring wire having properties and qualityintended for the manufac
3、ture of springs resistant to set whenused at moderately elevated temperatures. This product is notmeant to be used for non-static applications involving moder-ate fatigue stresses (see Specification A1000) or high cyclefatigue applications (see Specification A877/A877M). Thiswire shall be provided e
4、ither in the annealed and cold-drawn orquench and tempered condition as specified by the purchaser.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used
5、independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown inbrackets.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA700 Pr
6、actices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Meth-ods for Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA752 Specification for General Requirements for WireRods and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy SteelA877/A877M Specification for Steel Wire
7、, Chromium-Silicon Alloy Valve Spring QualityA1000 Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon and AlloySpecialty Spring QualityE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications3. Ordering Information3.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to spe
8、cifyall requirements that are necessary for material under thisspecification. Such requirements may include, but are notlimited to, the following:3.1.1 Quantity (mass),3.1.2 Name of material (chromium-silicon alloy steel wire),3.1.3 Dimensions (Table 1 and Section 8),3.1.4 Condition (Section 6),3.1.
9、5 Packaging (Section 14),3.1.6 Heat analysis report, if requested (5.2),3.1.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Sec-tion 13), and3.1.8 ASTM designation and year of issue.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 20 000-kg,quench and tempered chromium-silicon alloy steel
10、wire, size 6.00 mm in150 kg coils to ASTM A401/A401M dated _, or for inch-pound units,40 000-lb quench and tempered chromium-silicon alloy steel spring wire,size 0.250 in. in 350-lb coils to ASTM A401/A401M dated _.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel may be made by any commercially acceptedste
11、el making process. The steel may be either ingot cast orstrand cast.4.2 The finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipeand undue segregation.5. Chemical Composition5.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements of Grade9254 for chemical composition specified in Table 2.5.2 Heat AnalysisEach h
12、eat of steel shall be analyzed bythe manufacturer to determine the percentage of elementsprescribed in Table 2. This analysis shall be made from a testspecimen preferably taken during the pouring of the heat.When requested, this shall be reported to the purchaser andshall conform to the requirements
13、 of Table 2.5.3 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by thepurchaser from finished wire representing each heat of steel.The chemical composition thus determined, as to elementsrequired or restricted, shall conform to the product analysisrequirements in Table 4 of Specification A752.1This specific
14、ation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originallyapproved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2003
15、 as A401/A401M 03.DOI: 10.1520/A0401_A0401M-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of
16、 Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A751 shall be used.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Annealed and Cold Dr
17、awnWhen purchased in theannealed and cold-drawn condition, the wire shall have beengiven a sufficient amount of cold working to meet the purchas-ers coiling requirements and shall be in a suitable condition torespond properly to heat treatment. In special cases thehardness or tensile strength, if de
18、sired, shall be stated in thepurchase order.6.2 Quench and TemperedWhen purchased in the quenchand tempered condition, the tensile strength and minimumpercent reduction of area, sizes 2.50 mm 0.098 in. andcoarser, of the wire shall conform to the requirements pre-scribed in Table 1. Tensile strength
19、 of shaped and flat rolledwires shall conform to this table based on the conversion toequivalent round dimensions. Percent reduction of area is notapplicable to shaped and flat rolled wires.NOTE 2Any specimen breaking in the grips shall be discarded and anew specimen tested if the specified mechanic
20、al properties are notachieved.NOTE 3Equivalent round definition: The cross sectional area ofnon-round wires converted to the round wire diameter.6.2.1 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a givenlot shall be tested.6.2.2 Locat
21、ion of TestsTest specimens shall be taken fromeither end of the coil.6.2.3 Test MethodThe tension test shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.6.3 Wrap Test:6.3.1 Quench and tempered or cold drawn wire 4.00 mm0.157 in. and smaller in diameter shall wind on itself as anarbor
22、 without breakage. Larger diameter wire up to andincluding 8.00 mm 0.315 in. in diameter shall wrap withoutbreakage on a mandrel twice the wire diameter. The wrap testis not applicable to wire over 8.00 mm 0.315 in. in diameteror to shaped and flat rolled wires.6.3.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen
23、 shall be taken foreach 10 coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a givenlot shall be tested.6.3.3 Location of TestTest specimens shall be taken fromeither end of the coil.6.3.4 Test MethodThe wrap test shall be made in accor-dance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.7. Metallurgical
24、Requirements7.1 Surface Condition:7.1.1 On the whole, the surface of the wire as received shallbe free of rust and excessive scale. Based upon examination ofend specimens, no serious die marks, scratches, or othercontinuous surface imperfections shall be present. Based uponexamination of etched-end
25、specimen, seams shall not exceed3.5 % of the wire diameter, or 0.25 mm 0.010 in., whicheveris the smaller as measured on a transverse section.TABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsASI UnitsDiameter,BmmMPa, min MPa, maxReduction ofArea, min, %0.80 2080 2260C0.90 2070 2250C1.00 2060 2240C1.10 2040 2220C1.20 202
26、0 2200C1.40 2000 2180C1.60 1980 2160C1.80 1960 2140C2.00 1940 2120C2.20 1920 2100C2.50 1900 2080 452.80 1880 2060 453.00 1860 2040 453.50 1840 2020 404.00 1820 2000 404.50 1800 1980 405.00 1780 1960 405.50 1760 1940 406.00 1740 1920 406.50 1720 1900 407.00 1700 1880 408.00 1680 1860 409.00 1660 1840
27、 4010.00 1640 1820 4011.00 1620 1800 3512.0 1600 1780 3513.0 1580 1760 3014.0 1570 1750 3015.0 1560 1740 3016.0 1550 1730 3017.0 1540 1720 3018.0 1530 1710 30Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter,in.ksi, min ksi, maxReduction ofArea, min, %0.032 300 325C0.041 298 323C0.054 292 317C0.062 290 315C0.080 285 310C0.0
28、92 280 305 450.120 275 300 450.135 270 295 400.162 265 290 400.177 260 285 400.192 260 283 400.219 255 278 400.250 250 275 400.312 245 270 400.375 240 265 400.438 235 260 350.500 230 255 350.562 228 253 300.625 226 251 300.687 224 249 30ATensile strength values for intermediate diameters may be inte
29、rpolated.BPreferred sizes. For a complete list, refer to ANSI B32.4.CThe reduction of area test is not applicable to wire under 2.34 mm 0.092 in.in diameter.TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsUNS Designation G9254 Grade No. 9254Ranges and Limits, %Carbon ManganesePhosphorus,maxSulfur,maxSilicon Chromium0.
30、510.59 0.600.80 0.035 0.040 1.201.60 0.600.80A401/A401M 1027.1.2 Number of TestsFor the purpose of examination ofetched-end specimens, one test specimen shall be taken foreach 10 coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat ina given lot shall be tested.7.1.3 Location of TestTest specimen
31、s shall be taken fromeither or both ends of the coil.7.1.4 Test MethodThe surface shall be examined afteretching in a solution of equal parts of hydrochloric acid andwater that has been heated to approximately 80C for up to twominutes in order to remove the oxide scale layer from the wiresurface. Te
32、st ends shall be examined using 103 magnification.Any specimens showing the presence of a questionable surfaceimperfection shall have a transverse section taken from theunetched area, properly mounted and polished and examined tomeasure the depth of the surface imperfection.7.2 Decarburization:7.2.1
33、 The depth of complete decarburization (free ferrite)shall not exceed 0.75 % of the equivalent round wire diameter.The total affected depth (free ferrite plus partial decarburiza-tion) shall not exceed 2 % of the equivalent round wirediameter on all sizes of wire.7.2.2 Test MethodDecarburization sha
34、ll be determined byetching a suitably polished transverse section of wire withnital. The entire periphery to be examined should be in a singleplane with no edge rounding.7.2.3 The entire periphery shall be examined at a magnifi-cation of no less than 1003 for depth of free ferrite and totalaffected
35、depth. Smaller wire sizes may require higher magni-fication. Measure the worst area present excluding decarbur-ization associated with any surface imperfections. Completedecarburization exists when only free ferrite is present. Partialdecarburization exists when ferrite is found mixed with pearliteo
36、r tempered martensite. Structures of 1003 tempered marten-site shall be defined as not decarburized.7.2.4 Decarburization shall be checked on annealed wire bygiving a wire sample an austenitize, oil quench and temper heattreatment.Aflat shall be ground on the test sample prior to heattreatment. The
37、flat shall have a minimum width equal to onehalf of the wire diameter. Any decarburization visible on thisground section shall necessitate a retest with new samples. Ifno decarburization is visible on the ground flat, evaluate thecomplete wire section in accordance with 7.2.3.8. Dimensions and Permi
38、ssible Variations8.1 The permissible variations in the diameter of the wireshall be as specified in Table 3. Any definition of shapedtolerances shall be agreed upon by the producer and thepurchaser.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 Annealed and Cold DrawnThe wire shall not bekinked or improp
39、erly cast. To test for cast, a few convolutionsof wire shall be cut loose from the coil and placed on a flatsurface. The wire shall lie substantially flat on itself and notspring up nor show a wavy condition.9.2 Quench and TemperedThe wire shall be uniform inquality and temper and shall not be wavy
40、or crooked.9.3 Each coil shall be one continuous length of wireproperly coiled. Welds made prior to cold drawing are permit-ted. If unmarked welds are unacceptable to the purchaser,special arrangements should be made with the manufacturer atthe time of the purchase.10. Retests10.1 If any test specim
41、en exhibits obvious defects or showsthe presence of a weld, it may be discarded and anotherspecimen substituted.11. Inspection11.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer is responsible for the performance ofall inspection and test requirements specified in this
42、 specifica-tion. Except as otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer may use his own or any other suitablefacilities for the performance of the inspection and testrequirements unless disapproved by the purchaser at the timethe order is placed. The purchaser shall have th
43、e right toperform any of the inspections and tests set forth in thisspecification when such inspections and tests are deemednecessary to assure that the material conforms to prescribedrequirements.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based on testsmade in accorda
44、nce with these specifications shall be reportedto the manufacturer as soon as possible so that an investigationmay be initiated.12.2 The material must be adequately protected and cor-rectly identified in order that the manufacturer may make aproper investigation.13. Certification13.1 When specified
45、in the purchase order or contract, amanufacturers or suppliers certification shall be furnished tothe purchaser that the material was manufactured, sampled,tested, and inspected in accordance with this specification andhas been found to meet the requirements. When specified in thepurchase order or c
46、ontract, a report of the test results shall befurnished.13.2 The certification shall include the specification num-ber, year date of issue, and revision letter, if any.TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Wire DiameterASI UnitsDiameterPermissible Variations,6 mmPermissible Out-of-RoundTo 2.00, incl 0.0
47、3 0.03Over 2.00 to 11.0, incl 0.05 0.05Over 11.00 0.07 0.07Inch-Pound UnitsDiameterPermissible Variations,6 in.Permissible Out-of-Round0.032 to 0.075, incl 0.001 0.001Over 0.075 to 0.438, incl 0.002 0.002Over 0.438 0.003 0.003AFor purposes of determining conformance with this specification, all spec
48、ifiedlimits are absolute as defined in Practice E29.A401/A401M 10314. Packaging, Marking, and Loading for Shipment14.1 The coil mass, dimensions, and the method of packag-ing shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer andpurchaser.14.2 The size of the wire, purchasers order number, ASTMspecificat
49、ion number, heat number, and name or mark of themanufacturer shall be marked on a tag securely attached toeach coil of wire.14.3 Unless otherwise specified in the purchasers order,packaging, marking, and loading for shipments shall be inaccordance with those procedures recommended by PracticesA700.15. Keywords15.1 annealed chromium-silicon alloy; springs; tempered;wireSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A401/A401M 03) that may impact the use of this st
