1、Designation: A426/A426M 11aStandard Specification forCentrifugally Cast Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A426/A426M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers centrifugally cast alloy steelpipe intended for use in high-temperature
3、, high-pressure ser-vice.1.2 Several grades of ferritic steels are covered. Theircompositions are given in Table 1.1.3 Supplementary Requirements S1 through S12 areprovided. The supplementary requirements provide for addi-tional tests of an optional nature and when desired shall be sostated in the o
4、rder (Section 4).1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non
5、-conformancewith the standard.1.4.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices
6、 and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA609/A609M Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy,and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic ExaminationTher
7、eofA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysA999/A999M Specification for General Requirements forAlloy and Stainless Steel PipeE94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE186 Reference Radiograph
8、s for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-in. (50.8 to 114-mm) Steel CastingsE208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test toDetermine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of FerriticSteelsE280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to12-in. (114 to 305-mm) Steel CastingsE446 Reference Radiographs for St
9、eel Castings Up to 2 in.(50.8 mm) in ThicknessE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing2.2 ANSI Standard:4B46.1 Surface Texture2.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:5Section IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications2.4 AWS Specifications6A5.5/A5.5M LowAlloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded MetalArc Weldi
10、ngA5.23/A5.23M Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes forSubmerged Arc WeldingA5.28/A5.28M Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods forGas Shielded Arc WeldingA5.29/A5.29M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux CoredArc Welding3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall incl
11、udethe following, as required, to describe the desired materialadequately:3.1.1 Quantity (feet, centimetres, or number of lengths),3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast pipe),3.1.3 Specification number,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel
12、and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A426/A426M - 11.DOI: 10.1520/A0426_A0426M-11A.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vess
13、el Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-426 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pag
14、e onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asm
15、e.org.6Available from American Welding Society, 550 NW LeJuene Rd., Miami, FL33126, http:/www.aws.org1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.4 Grade (Table
16、 1),3.1.5 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wallthickness),3.1.6 Length (specific or random) (Section on PermissibleVariations in Length of Specification A999/A999M),3.1.7 End finish (Section on Ends of Specification A999/A999M),3.1.8 Optional Requirements S1 through S12 and Section15.1,3
17、.1.9 Test report required (Section on Certified Test Reportof Specification A999/A999M),3.1.10 Service temperature if over 1000F 540C (Note 1),and3.1.11 Special requirements or additions to specification.4. General Requirements for Delivery4.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-fo
18、rm to the applicable requirements of the current edition ofSpecification A999/A999M unless otherwise provided herein.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Heat-TreatmentThe pipe shall be furnished in theaustenitized and tempered condition (Note 1) according to therequirements of Table 2.5.1.1 Heat treatme
19、nt shall be performed after the pipe hasbeen allowed to cool below the transformation range. Defini-tion of heat-treatment terms shall be as given in TerminologyA941.NOTE 1Except for Grade CP91, it is recommended that the tempera-ture for tempering should be at least 100F 55C above the intendedservi
20、ce temperature. The purchaser shall advise the manufacturer of theservice temperature when it is over 1000F 540C. (See 3.1.10.)5.2 MachiningThe pipe shall be machined on the innerand outer surfaces to a roughness value no greater than 250 in. 6.35 m arithmetical average deviation (AA) from themean l
21、ine unless otherwise specified as in ANSI B46.1.6. Chemical Analysis6.1 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat shall be madeby the manufacturer to determine the percentages of elementsspecified in Table 1. The analysis shall be made on a testsample taken preferable during the pouring of the heat. The
22、chemical composition thus determined shall conform to therequirements specified in Table 1 (Note 2).NOTE 2The role of alloying elements in the development of GradeCP91 has been extensively investigated. V and Nb contribute to precipi-tation strengthening by forming fine and coherent precipitation of
23、M(C,N)X carbo-nitrides in the ferrite matrix. V also precipitates as VNduring tempering or during creep. Therefore, the addition of strong nitrideforming elements, those with a stronger affinity for nitrogen than Nb andV, as deoxidation agents, interferes with these high-temperature strength-ening m
24、echanisms.76.2 Product AnalysisAproduct analysis may be made bythe purchaser. The sample for analysis shall be selected so as tobe representative of the pipe being analyzed. The chemicalcomposition thus determined shall conform to the requirementsof Table 1.7Viswanathan, R. and Bakker, W. T.,Materia
25、ls for Ultra Supercritical FossilPower Plants, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2000, TR-114750.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAComposition, %GradeUNSNumberCarbon ManganesePhos-phorus,maxSulfur,maxSilicon Chromium Molybdenum OtherCP1 J12521 0.25max0.30-0.80 0.030 0.025 0.10-0.50 . . . 0.44-0.65 . . .CP2 J11547 0.
26、100.20 0.30-0.61 0.030 0.025 0.10-0.50 0.50-0.81 0.44-0.65 . . .CP5 J42045 0.20max0.30-0.70 0.030 0.025 0.75max4.00-6.50 0.45-0.65 . . .CP5b J51545 0.15max0.30-0.60 0.030 0.025 1.00-2.00 4.00-6.00 0.45-0.65 . . .CP9 J82090 0.20max0.30-0.65 0.030 0.025 0.25-1.00 8.00-10.00 0.90-1.20 . . .CP91 J84090
27、0.080.12 0.300.60 0.030 0.010 0.200.50 8.09.5 0.851.05 nickel, 0.40 max.;columbium, 0.0600.10;nitrogen, 0.0300.070;vanadium, 0.180.25;aluminum, 0.02 max.;titanium, 0.01 max;zirconium, 0.01 max.CP11 J12072 0.050.20 0.30-0.80 0.030 0.025 0.60max1.00-1.50 0.44-0.65 . . .CP12 J11562 0.050.15 0.30-0.61 0
28、.030 0.025 0.50max0.80-1.25 0.44-0.65 . . .CP15 J11522 0.15max0.30-0.60 0.030 0.025 1.15-1.65 . . . 0.44-0.65 . . .CP21 J31545 0.050.15 0.30-0.60 0.030 0.025 0.50max2.65-3.35 0.80-1.06 . . .CP22 J21890 0.050.15 0.30-0.70 0.030 0.025 0.60max2.00-2.75 0.90-1.20 . . .CPCA15 J91150 0.15max1.00max0.030 0
29、.025 1.50max11.5-14.0 0.50max.AWhere ellipses appear in this table there is no requirement.A426/A426M 11a27. Tensile and Hardness Requirements7.1 Steel used for the castings shall conform to the tensileand hardness requirements specified in Table 3.8. Permissible Variations in Dimensions8.1 Thicknes
30、sThe wall thickness shall not vary over thatspecified by more than18 in. 3 mm. There shall be novariation under the specified wall thickness.9. Number of Tests9.1 One tension and one hardness test shall be made fromeach heat.9.2 If a specimen is machined improperly or if flaws arerevealed by machini
31、ng or during testing, the specimen may bediscarded and another substituted from the same heat.10. Retests10.1 If the results of the mechanical tests for any heat do notconform to the requirements specified, the castings may bereheat-treated and retested, but may not be re-austenitizedmore than twice
32、.11. Test Specimens11.1 Test coupons from which tension test specimens areprepared shall be removed from heat-treated casting prolonga-tions.11.2 When agreed upon between the manufacturer and thepurchaser, test coupons from which test specimens are pre-pared shall be cast attached to separate blocks
33、 from the sameheat as the casting represented. The test blocks shall be heattreated in the same manner as the casting represented.11.3 Tension test specimens shall be machined to the formand dimensions of the standard round 2-in. 50-mm gagelength specimens shown in Fig. 6 of Test Methods andDefiniti
34、ons A370.12. Hydrostatic Test12.1 Except for Grade CP91, each length of pipe shall behydrostatically tested in accordance with Specification A999/A999M.12.2 When agreed to between the manufacturer and thepurchaser and so stated in the order, the hydrostatic test may bedeferred and shall be performed
35、 later by the purchaser. Pipefurnished without the hydrostatic test shall include with themandatory marking the letters “NH.” The manufacturer isresponsible for the satisfactory performance of the castingwhen it is tested.TABLE 2 Heat Treatment RequirementsGradeAustenitizingTreatmentTemperingTempera
36、ture,min, unlessa range isshown, FCCP1 Normalizedor LiquidQuenched1100 595CP2 Normalizedor LiquidQuenched1100 595CP5 Normalizedor LiquidQuenched1250 675CP5b Normalizedor LiquidQuenched1250 675CP9 Normalizedor LiquidQuenched1250 675CP91 Austenitizedat 1900-1975 F1040-1080C andthen AirCooled orLiquidQ
37、uenched1350-1470730-800CP11 Normalizedor LiquidQuenched1100 595CP12 Normalizedor LiquidQuenched1100 595CP15 Normalizedor LiquidQuenched1100 595CP21 Normalizedor LiquidQuenched1250 675CP22 Normalizedor LiquidQuenched1250 675CPCA15 Normalizedor LiquidQuenched1250 675TABLE 3 Tensile Properties and Hard
38、ness RequirementsTensile strength, min, psi MPa:Grade CP1 65 000 450Grades CP11, CP22 70 000 485Grades CP5, CP9, CPCA15 90 000 620Grade CP91 85 000 585 to 110 000 760All other grades 60 000 415Yield strength, min, psi MPa:Grade CP1 35 000 240Grades CP11, CP22 40 000 275Grades CP5, CP9 60 000 415Grad
39、e CPCA15 65 000 450Grade CP91 60 000 415All other grades 30 000 205Elongation, min, %:AGrade CP1 24Grades CP11, CP22 20Grades CP5, CP9, CP91, CPCA15 18All other grades 22Reduction of area, min, %:Grades CP1, CP2, CP11, CP12, CP15,CP21, CP22, CP5, CP5b, CP7, CP935Grade CPCA15 30Grade CP91 45Hardness,
40、 HBW:Grades CP5, CP5b, CP9, CPCA15, max 225Grade CP91 185248All other grades, max 201AElongation in 2 in. 50 mm using a standard round specimen, in either thetransverse or longitudinal direction.A426/A426M 11a312.3 When certification is required by the purchaser and thehydrostatic test has been omit
41、ted, the certification shall clearlystate “not hydrostatically tested.” The specification number andmaterial grade shown on the certification shall be followed bythe letters “NH.”13. Ultrasonic Examination13.1 Each length of Grade CP91 pipe shall be ultrasonicallyexamined in accordance with A999/A99
42、9M.14. Visual Inspection14.1 The surface of the casting shall be free from cracks andhot tears as determined by visual examination. Other surfaceimperfections shall be judged in accordance with visual accep-tance criteria which may be specified in the order.15. Rework and Retreatment15.1 Defects as
43、defined in Section 15 or as found by theultrasonic examination of Grade CP91, shall be removed andtheir removal verified by visual inspection of the resultantcavities. Defects that are located by inspecting with supple-mentary requirements S6, S7, S8, or S9 shall be removed orreduced to an acceptabl
44、e size.15.2 If removal of the defect does not infringe upon theminimum wall thickness, the depression may be blendeduniformly into the surrounding surface.15.3 If the cavity resulting from defect removal infringesupon the minimum wall thickness, weld repair is permittedsubject to the purchasers appr
45、oval. Except for Grade CP91,the composition of the weld rod used shall be suitable for thecomposition of the metal being welded.15.3.1 Only welders and procedures qualified in accordancewith ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, shallbe used. All repair welds will be inspected to the sam
46、e qualitystandards used to inspect the casting.15.3.2 All weld repairs in Grade CP91 shall be made withone of the following processes and consumables: SMAW,A5.5/A5.5M E90XX-B9; SAW, A5.23/A5.23M EB9 + NeutralFlux; GTAW, A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B9; and FCAW, A5.29/A5.29M E91T1-B9. In addition, the sum of
47、the Ni+Mncontent, of all weld consumables used to weld repair GradeCP91, shall not exceed 1 %.15.4 Local or full heat treatment in accordance with tem-pering temperatures specified in 5.1 shall follow welding.16. Rejection16.1 Each length of pipe received from the manufacturermay be inspected by the
48、 purchaser and, if it does not meet therequirements of the specification based on the inspection andtest method as outlined in the specification, the pipe may berejected and the manufacturer shall be notified. Disposition ofrejected pipe shall be a matter of agreement between themanufacturer and the
49、 purchaser.17. Product Marking17.1 Each length of pipe shall be legibly marked with themanufacturers name or brand, the specification number andgrade. In addition, heat numbers or serial numbers that aretraceable to heat numbers shall be marked on each length ofpipe.18. Keywords18.1 alloy steel; centrifugal; ferritic; high-temperature ser-vice; pipe; stainless steel; steel castingsSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSSupplementary requirements shall be applied only when specified by t
