1、Designation: A450/A450M 09Standard Specification forGeneral Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy SteelTubes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A450/A450M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers a group
3、of requirementswhich, with the exceptions of 5.3 and Sections 6, 7, 18, 19, 20,21, 22, 23, and 24, are mandatory requirements to the follow-ing ASTM tubular product specifications:3Title of Specification ASTM DesignationAElectric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and CarbonManganese Steel Boiler TubesA
4、178/A178MSeamless Cold-Drawn Low-Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser TubesA179/A179MSeamless Carbon Steel Boiler Tubes for High-PressureServiceA192/A192MSeamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler and Super-heater TubesA210/A210MElectric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tube
5、sA214/A214MSeamless and Electric-Welded Low-Alloy Steel Tubes A423/A423MSpecification for Seamless and Welded Carbon SteelHeat-Exchanger Tubes with Integral FinsA498Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Feedwater HeaterTubesA556/A556MSeamless, Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Tubing for Hy-draulic System ServiceA
6、822/A822MAThese designations refer to the latest issue of the respective specifications.1.2 One or more of Sections 5.3, 6, 7, 18, 19, 20, 21, 21.1,23, and 24 apply when the product specification or purchaseorder has a requirement for the test or analysis described bythese sections.1.3 In case of co
7、nflict between a requirement of the productspecification and a requirement of this general requirementspecification only the requirement of the product specificationneed be satisfied.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the tex
8、t, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”desi
9、gnation (SI) of the product specification is specified in theorder.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4A178/A178M Specification for Electric-Resistance-WeldedCarbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler andSuperheater TubesA179/A179M Specification for Seamless Cold-DrawnLow-Carbon Steel Hea
10、t-Exchanger and Condenser TubesA192/A192M Specification for Seamless Carbon SteelBoiler Tubes for High-Pressure ServiceA210/A210M Specification for Seamless Medium-CarbonSteel Boiler and Superheater TubesA214/A214M Specification for Electric-Resistance-WeldedCarbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser
11、 TubesA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA423/A423M Specification for Seamless and Electric-Welded Low-Alloy Steel TubesA498 Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon SteelHeat-Exchanger Tubes with Integral FinsA530/A530M Specification for General Requirement
12、s forSpecialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeA556/A556M Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Car-bon Steel Feedwater Heater TubesA700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Meth-ods for Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel Pr
13、oductsA822/A822M Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Car-bon Steel Tubing for Hydraulic System ServiceA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and Ferroalloys1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
14、 and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A450/A450M 07.DOI: 10.1520/A0450_A0450M-09.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vess
15、el Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-450 in Section II of that Code.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vols 01.01 and 01.04.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume inf
16、ormation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE92 Te
17、st Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materi-alsE213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe andTubingE273 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of the Weld Zoneof Welded Pipe and TubingE309 Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tu-bular Products Using Magnetic SaturationE426 Pract
18、ice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami-nation of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austen-itic Stainless Steel and Similar AlloysE570 Practice for Flux Leakage Examination of Ferromag-netic Steel Tubular Products2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 183 Continuous Identification Marking of Ir
19、onand Steel Products52.3 Military Standards:MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products Preparation for Ship-ment and Storage5MIL-STD-271 Nondestructive Testing Requirements forMetals5MIL-STD-792 Identification Marking Requirements forSpecial Purpose Equipment52.4 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:Section IX
20、 Welding Qualifications62.5 Steel Structures Painting Council:SSPC-SP 6 Surface Preparation Specification No. 6 Com-mercial Blast Cleaning72.6 Other Document:SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for NondestructivePersonnel Qualification and Certification.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to
21、This Standard:3.1.1 remelted heatin secondary melting, all of the ingotsremelted from a single primary heat.3.1.2 thin-wall tubea tube meeting the specified outsidediameter and specified wall thickness set forth as follows:Specified OutsideDiameterSpecified Wall Thickness2 in. 50.8 mm or less 2 % or
22、 less of specified outside diameterGreater than 2 in. 50.8mm3 % or less of specified outside diameterAny 0.020 in. 0.5 mm or less3.2 Other defined termsThe definitions in Test Methodsand Definitions A370, Test Methods, Practices, and Terminol-ogy A751, and Terminology A941 are applicable to thisspec
23、ification and to those listed in 1.1.4. Process4.1 The steel may be made by any process.4.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser,it shall be as stated on the purchase order.4.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-sing or refining and may be followed by secondary
24、melting,such as electroslag remelting or vacuum-arc remelting.4.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. Whensteel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identifica-tion of the resultant transition material is required. Theproducer shall remove the transition material by an est
25、ablishedprocedure that positively separates the grades.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Samples for chemical analysis, and method of analysisshall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A751.5.2 Heat AnalysisIf the heat analysis reported by the steelproducer is not sufficiently comp
26、lete for conformance with theheat analysis requirements of the applicable product specifica-tion to be fully assessed, the manufacturer may complete theassessment of conformance with such heat analysis require-ments by using a product analysis for the specified elementsthat were not reported by the
27、steel producer, provided thatproduct analysis tolerances are not applied and the heatanalysis is not altered.5.3 Product AnalysisProduct analysis requirements andoptions, if any, are contained in the product specification.6. Tensile Properties6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as tot
28、ensile properties prescribed in the individual specification.6.2 The yield strength corresponding to a permanent offsetof 0.2 % of the gage length or to a total extension of 0.5 % ofthe gage length under load shall be determined.6.3 If the percentage of elongation of any test specimen isless than th
29、at specified and any part of the fracture is more than34 in. 19.0 mm from the center of the gage length, asindicated by scribe marks on the specimen before testing, aretest shall be allowed.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphi
30、a, PA 19111-5098.6Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.7Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http:/www.sspc.org.
31、A450/A450M 0927. Standard Weights7.1 The calculated weight per foot, based upon a specifiedminimum wall thickness, shall be determined by the followingequation:W 5 CD 2 t!t (1)where:C = 10.69 0.0246615,W = weight, lb/ft kg/m,D = specified outside diameter, in. mm, andt = specified minimum wall thick
32、ness, in. mm7.2 The permissible variations from the calculated weightper foot kilogram per metre shall be as prescribed in Table 1.8. Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness8.1 Variations from the specified minimum wall thicknessshall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 2.8.2 For tubes 2 in.
33、 50.8 mm and over in outside diameterand 0.220 in. 5.6 mm and over in thickness, the variation inwall thickness in any one cross section of any one tube shallnot exceed the following percentage of the actual mean wall atthe section. The actual mean wall is defined as the average ofthe thickest and t
34、hinnest wall in that section.Seamless tubes 610 %Welded tubes 65%8.3 When cold-finished tubes as ordered require wall thick-nesses34 in. 19.1 mm or over, or an inside diameter 60 % orless of the outside diameter, the permissible variations in wallthickness for hot-finished tubes shall apply.9. Permi
35、ssible Variations in Outside Diameter9.1 Except as provided in 9.2, variations from the specifiedoutside diameter shall not exceed the amounts prescribed inTable 3.9.2 Thin-wall tubes usually develop significant ovality (outof roundness) during final annealing, or straightening, or both.The diameter
36、 tolerances of Table 3 are not sufficient to providefor additional ovality expected in thin-wall tubes, and, for suchtubes, are applicable only to the mean of the extreme (maxi-mum and minimum) outside diameter readings in any one crosssection. However, for thin wall tubes the difference in extremeo
37、utside diameter readings (ovality) in any one cross sectionshall not exceed the following ovality allowances:Outside Diameter Ovality Allowance1 in. 25.4 mm and under 0.020 in. 0.5 mmOver 1 in. 25.4 mm 2.0 % of specified outside diameter10. Permissible Variations in Length10.1 Variations from the sp
38、ecified length shall not exceedthe amounts prescribed in Table 4.TABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Weight Per FootAMethod of ManufacturePermissible Variation in Weightper Foot, %Over UnderSeamless, hot-finishedSeamless, cold-finished:16 0112 in. 38.1 mm and under OD 12 0Over 112 in. 38.1 mm OD 13 0W
39、elded 10 0AThese permissible variations in weight apply to lots of 50 tubes or more insizes 4 in. 101.6 mm and under in outside diameter, and to lots of 20 tubes ormore in sizes over 4 in. 101.6 mm in outside diameter.TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Wall ThicknessAOutsideDiameter,in. mmWall Thickn
40、ess, %0.0952.4andUnderOver0.095to 0.1502.4 to3.8, inclOver 0.150to 0.1803.8 to4.6, inclOver0.180,4.6Over Under Over Under Over Under Over UnderSeamless, Hot-Finished Tubes4 101.6 and 40 0 35 0 33 0 28 0underOver 4 . . 35 0 33 0 28 0101.6Seamless, Cold-Finished TubesOver Under112 38.1 and 20 0underOv
41、er 112 38.1 22 0Welded TubesAll sizes 18 0AThese permissible variations in wall thickness apply only to tubes, exceptinternal-upset tubes, as rolled or cold-finished, and before swaging, expanding,bending, polishing, or other fabricating operations.TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Outside DiameterA
42、Outside Diameter,in. mmPermissible Variations, in. mmOver UnderHot-Finished Seamless Tubes4 101.6 and under164 0.4132 0.8Over 4 to 712 101.6 to 190.5, incl164 0.4364 1.2Over 712 to 9 190.5 to 228.6, incl164 0.4116 1.6Welded Tubes and Cold-Finished Seamless TubesUnder 1 25.4 0.004 0.1 0.004 0.11to112
43、 25.4 to 38.1, incl 0.006 0.15 0.006 0.15Over 112 to 2 38.1 to 50.8, excl 0.008 0.2 0.008 0.22to212 50.8 to 63.5, excl 0.010 0.25 0.010 0.25212 to 3 63.5 to 76.2, excl 0.012 0.3 0.012 0.33 to 4 76.2 to 101.6, incl 0.015 0.38 0.015 0.38Over 4 to 712 101.6 to 190.5, incl 0.015 0.38 0.025 0.64Over 712
44、to 9 190.5 to 228.6, incl 0.015 0.38 0.045 1.14AExcept as provided in 9.2, these permissible variations include out-of-roundness. These permissible variations in outside diameter apply to hot-finishedseamless, welded and cold-finished seamless tubes before other fabricatingoperations such as upsetti
45、ng, swaging, expanding, bending, or polishing.TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in LengthAMethod ofManufactureOutsideDiameter,in. mmCut Length,in. mmOver UnderSeamless, hot-finished All sizes316 5 0 0Seamless, cold-finishedUnder 2 50.82 50.8 and over18 3316 50000Welded Under 2 50.82 50.8 and over18 331
46、6 50000AThese permissible variations in length apply to tubes before bending. Theyapply to cut lengths up to and including 24 ft 7.3 m. For lengths greater than 24ft 7.3 m, the above over-tolerances shall be increased by18 in. 3 mm for each10 ft 3 m or fraction thereof over 24 ft or12 in. 13 mm, whi
47、chever is the lesser.A450/A450M 09311. Permissible Variations in Height of Flash on Electric-Resistance-Welded Tubes11.1 For tubes over 2 in. 50.8 mm in outside diameter, orover 0.135 in. 3.44 mm in wall thickness, the flash on theinside of the tubes shall be mechanically removed by cutting toa maxi
48、mum height of 0.010 in. 0.25 mm at any point on thetube.11.2 For tubes 2 in. 50.8 mm and under in outsidediameter and 0.135 in. 3.4 mm and under in wall thickness,the flash on the inside of the tube shall be mechanicallyremoved by cutting to a maximum height of 0.006 in. 0.15mm at any point on the t
49、ube.12. Straightness and Finish12.1 Finished tubes shall be reasonably straight and havesmooth ends free of burrs. They shall have a workmanlikefinish. Surface imperfections (see Note 1) may be removed bygrinding, provided that a smooth curved surface is maintained,and the wall thickness is not decreased to less than thatpermitted by this or the product specification. T
