1、Designation: A 473 01Standard Specification forStainless Steel Forgings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses i
2、ndicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers austenitic, austenitic-ferritic,ferritic, and mart
3、ensitic stainless steel forgings for general use,and for low- or high-temperature service.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:A 314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars forForging2A 370 Test Methods and D
4、efinitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel Products3A 484/A 484M Specification for General Requirements forStainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings2A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel Products3E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)43. Ordering
5、 Information3.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify allrequirements that are necessary for material ordered under thisspecification. Such requirements may include, but are notlimited to, the following:3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),3.1.2 Dimensions, including prints or
6、sketches,3.1.3 Name of material (stainless steel forgings),3.1.4 Type or UNS designation (Table 1),3.1.5 Condition (Table 2), and3.1.6 ASTM designation and date of issue.3.1.7 Test for magnetic permeability if specified by cus-tomer purchase order when ordering Types 207 and 205.3.1.8 Special requir
7、ements.3.2 If possible the intended end use of the item should begiven on the purchase order especially when the item is orderedfor a specific end use or uses.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 5 stainless steelforgings, Type 410, Designation A, ASTM Specification A 473 dated. End u
8、se: pump blocks for oil well equipment.4. General Requirements4.1 In addition to the requirements of this specification, allrequirements of the current edition of Specification A 484/A 484M shall apply. Failure to comply with the generalrequirements of Specification A 484/A 484M constitutes non-conf
9、ormance with this specification.5. Manufacture5.1 Material for forgings shall consist of ingots or blooms,billets, slabs, or bars, either forged or rolled from an ingot, andcut to the required length by a suitable process. This material,except for ingots, may be specified to Specification A 314.5.2
10、The material shall be forged by hammering, pressing,rolling, extruding, or upsetting. It shall be brought as nearly aspossible to the finished shape and size by hot-working; andshall be processed, if practicable, so as to cause metal-flowduring the hot-working operation in the direction most favor-a
11、ble for resisting the stresses encountered in service as may beindicated to the manufacturer by the purchaser.5.3 When specified on the order, a sample forging may besectioned and etched to show flow lines and the condition asregards internal imperfections. When so specified, the questionof acceptab
12、le and unacceptable metal-flow shall be subject toagreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser prior toorder entry.5.4 When specified on the order, the manufacturer shallsubmit for approval of the purchaser a sketch showing theshape of the rough forging before machining, or before heattreati
13、ng for mechanical properties.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.17 on Flat Stainless Steel Products.Current edition approved Mar. 10, 2001. Published April 2001. Original
14、lypublished as A 473 62 T. Last previous edition A 473 99.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.T
15、ABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAUNSDesig-nationBTypeNum-berCarbon,%Manga-nese,%Phos-pho-rus,%Sulfur,%Silicon,%Chromium,%Nickel,%Molyb-denum, %Nitro-gen, %OtherElements,%Austenitic GradesS20100 201 0.15 5.57.5 0.060 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 3.55.5 . . . 0.25S20200 202 0.15 7.510.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 4
16、.06.0 . . . 0.25S20500 205 0.120.25 14.015.5 0.060 0.030 1.00 16.518.0 1.001.75 . . . 0.320.40S21900 XM-10 0.08 8.010.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 19.021.5 5.57.5 . . . 0.150.40S21904 XM-11 0.04 8.010.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 19.021.5 5.57.5 . . . 0.150.40S28200 . . . 0.15 17.019.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 . . . 0
17、.751.25 0.400.60 Cu 0.751.25S30200 302 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . 0.10S30215 302B 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 2.003.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . .S30300 303 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.15 min 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 0.60C.S30323 303 Se 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.06 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . . Se 0.
18、15 minS30400 304 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.010.5 . . . 0.10S30403 304L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.012.0 . . . 0.10S30500 305 0.12 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 10.513.0 . . . . . .S30800 308 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.021.0 10.012.0 . . . . . .S30815 . . . 0.10 0.80 0.040
19、 0.030 1.402.00 20.022.0 10.012.0 . . . 0.140.20 Ce 0.030.08S30900 309 0.20 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.024.0 12.015.0 . . . . . .S30908 309S 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.024.0 12.015.0 . . . . . .S31000 310 0.25 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.50 24.026.0 19.022.0 . . . . . .S31008 310S 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.50
20、 24.026.0 19.022.0 . . . . . .S31254 . . . 0.020 1.00 0.030 0.010 0.80 19.520.5 17.518.5 6.06.5 0.180.22 Cu 0.501.00S31400 314 0.25 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.503.00 23.026.0 19.022.0 . . . . . .S31600 316 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 0.10S31603 316L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0
21、18.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 0.10S31700 317 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 11.015.0 3.04.0 0.10S32100 321 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.012.0 . . . . . . Ti 53C minS34700 347 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.013.0 . . . . . . Cb+Ta 103C,minS34800 348 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9
22、.013.0 . . . . . . Cb+Ta 103C,minTa 0.10Co 0.20Austenitic-Ferritic GradesS32550D. . . 0.04 1.50 0.040 0.030 1.00 24.0-27.0 4.5-6.5 2.9-3.9 0.10-0.25 Cu 1.502.50S32760D. . . 0.030 1.00 0.030 0.010 1.00 24.026.0 6.08.0 3.04.0 0.200.30 Cu 0.501.00W 0.501.00S32950 . . . 0.03 2.00 0.035 0.010 0.60 26.029
23、.0 3.55.2 1.002.50 0.150.35Ferritic GradesS40500 405 0.08 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.514.5 0.60 . . . . . . A1 0.100.30S42900 429 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 14.016.0 0.75 . . . . . .S43000 430 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 0.75 . . . . . .S43020 430F 0.12 1.25 0.06 0.15 min 1.00 16.018.0 0.75 0.
24、60C.S43023S44600430F Se4460.120.201.251.500.060.0400.060.0301.001.0016.018.023.027.00.750.75.0.25Se 0.15 minMartensitic GradesS40300 403 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 0.50 11.513.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .S41000 410 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.513.5 0.75 . . . . . . . . .S41008 410S 0.08 1.00 0.040 0.030 1
25、.00 11.513.5 0.75 . . . . . . . . .S41400 414 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.513.5 1.252.50 . . . . . . . . .S41425 . . . 0.05 0.501.00 0.020 0.005 0.50 12.015.0 4.07.0 1.502.00 0.060.12 Cu 0.30S41500E0.05 0.51.0 0.030 0.030 0.60 11.514.0 3.55.5 0.400.80 . . .S41600 416 0.15 1.25 0.06 0.15 min 1.00 1
26、2.014.0 . . . 0.60C.S41623 416 Se 0.15 1.25 0.06 0.06 1.00 12.014.0 . . . . . . . . . Se 0.15 minS42000 420 Over 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 12.014.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .S43100 431 0.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 15.017.0 1.252.50 . . . . . . . . .S44002 440A 0.600.75 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 . .
27、 . 0.75 . . .S44003 440B 0.750.95 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 . . . 0.75 . . .S44004 440C 0.951.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 . . . 0.75 . . .AMaximum, unless range or minimum is indicated.BNew designation established in accordance with Practice E 527 and SAE J 1086.CAt manufacturers option;
28、reported only when intentionally added.D% Cr + 3.3 3 %Mo+163 %N$ 40.EWrought version of CA6NM.A4730125.5 The grain size shall be as fine as practicable andprecautions shall be taken to minimize grain growth.6. Heat Treatment6.1 Except for S31254, the austenitic steels shall receive asolution heat tr
29、eatment, consisting of heating the material to aminimum temperature of 1900F (1040C), followed by cool-ing rapidly in air or water.6.2 S31254 shall receive a solution heat treatment, consist-ing of heating the material to a minimum temperature of2100F (1150C) followed by cooling rapidly in air or wa
30、ter.6.3 When specified, Types 347, 348, and 321 shall receive astabilization heat treatment in addition to the solution heattreatment specified in 6.1, which shall consist of holding theforgings at 1550 to 1750F (845 to 955C) for 1 h for each inchof section thickness with a minimum holding time of 2
31、 h,followed by air-cooling or water quenching. The stabilizationheat treatment is not usually specified, unless thesesteels areintended for severely corrosive environments in the tempera-ture range from 800 to 1600F (425 to 870C). When specified,the stabilization heat treatment shall be the final he
32、at treatmentand may be performed before machining.6.4 S32950 shall receive an annealing treatment, consistingof heating the material to a temperature of 1825F (995C) to1875F (1025C) for an appropriate time followed by waterquenching or rapid cooling by other means.6.5 S32760 shall receive an anneali
33、ng treatment consistingof heating the material to a minimum temperature of 2010F(1100C), followed by water quenching or rapid cooling byother means.6.6 The ferritic grades shall be properly annealed:6.7 Except for S41425 and S41500, the martensitic gradesshall be annealed, or hardened and tempered a
34、s specified.Liquid quenching shall be permitted only by agreement withthe purchaser.6.8 For S41425, heat to 1700F (925C) minimum and holdfor1hattemperature minimum. Air cool to below 90F (32C)and temper at 1100F (595C) minimum for 1 h/in. ofcross-sectional thickness minimum.TABLE 2 Mechanical Proper
35、ty RequirementsType ConditionYield Strength,min, ksi(MPa)ATensile Strength,min, ksi(MPa)Elongationin 2 in.(50 mm) or4D, min %Reductionof Area,min, %BrinellHardnessNumber,maxAustenitic Grades201, 302, 302B, 303, 303SE, 305, 308, 309,309S, 310, 310S, 314, 317, 321, 347, 348A 30 (205) 75 (515) 40 50 .
36、. .202 A 45 (310) 90 (620) 40 50 . . .205 A 50 (345) 90 (620) 40 50 . . .304 and 316, Sections 5 in. (127 mm) andUnderA 30 (205) 75 (515) 40 50 . . .304 and 316, Sections Over 5 in. (127 mm) A 30 (205) 70 (485) 40 50 . . .304L and 316L A 25 (170) 65 (450) 40 50 . . .XM-10 and XM-11 A 50 (345) 90 (62
37、0) 45 60 . . .S28200 A 60 (415) 110 (760) 40 55 . . .S30815 A 45 (310) 87 (600) 40 50 . . .S31254 A 44 (300) 95 (650) 35 50 . . .Austenitic-Ferritic GradesS32550 A 80 (550) 109 (750) 25.0 . . . 290S32950 A 70 (480) 100 (690) 15 . . . 293S32760 A 80 (550) 109 (750) 25 . . . 290Ferritic Grades430F, 43
38、0FSE, 446 A 40 (275) 70 (485) 20 45 223405 A 30 (205) 60 (415) 20 45 207429 A 35 (240) 65 (450) 23 45 207430 A 35 (240) 70 (485) 20 45 217Martensitic Grades403, 410, 416, 416SE A 40 (275) 70 (485) 20 45 223410S A 35 (240) 65 (450) 22 45 217414 A . . . . . . 298T 90 (620) 115 (795) 15 45 321H 100 (69
39、0) 125 (860) 15 45 321S41425 T 120 (825) 95 (655) 15 45 321S41500 normalized and tempered 90 (620) 115 (795) 15 45 295420 A . . . . . . 223431 A . . . . . . 277BT 90 (620) 115 (795) 15 . . . 321H 135 (930) 175 (1210) 13 . . . 440440A, 440B, 440C A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269AYield streng
40、th shall be determined by the 0.2 % offset method in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370. An alternative method of determining yieldstrength may be used based on a total extension under load of 0.5 %.BType 431 forgings of designation A, when specified, shall be capable of meeting the
41、above mechanical property requirements of designation T after oil quenching from1800 to 1900F (980 to 1038C) and tempering at not less than 1100F (595C), or designation H when oil quenched from 1850 to 1950F (1010 to 1065C) and temperedat not more than 700F (370C).A4730136.9 For S41500 heat to 1750F
42、 (955C) minimum, air coolto 200F (95C) or lower prior to any optional intermediatetemper and prior to the final temper. The final temper shall bebetween 1050F (565C) and 1150F (620C).6.10 Types 420, 440A, 440B, and 440C should be used bythe purchaser in the hardened and tempered condition. Inrespons
43、e to heat treatment, these materials shall be capable ofmeeting the minimum hardness requirements as specified inTable 3.6.11 Type S32550 shall receive an annealing treatmentconsisting of heating the material to a minimum temperature of1940F (1060C), followed by water quenching of rapidcooling by ot
44、her means.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemicalcomposition specified in Table 1.7.2 Methods and practices relating to chemical analysisrequired by this specification shall be in accordance withMethods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.8. Mechanical Prope
45、rties Requirements8.1 The material shall conform to the room temperaturemechanical requirements specified in Table 2.8.2 Instead of tension tests, hardness requirements, in ac-cordance with Table 2, may be specified by the purchaser forthe ferritic and the martensitic steels.8.3 The martensitic grad
46、es shall be capable of meeting thehardness requirements, after heat treating, as specified in Table3.9. Magnetic Permeability9.1 When required by the purchase order, the magneticpermeability of Types 201 and 205 in the annealed conditionshall not exceed 1.2 as tested by a Severn-type indicator.10. P
47、rolongations for Tests10.1 Subject to Sections 10 and 12, the forgings shall beproduced with prolongations for testing, unless otherwisespecified. The producer may elect to submit an extra forging torepresent each test lot instead of prolongations, or the testspecimens can be taken from the forgings
48、 themselves.11. Number of Tests11.1 For all classes of forgings weighing from 5000 to 7000lb (2270 to 3180 kg) each, at least one tension test shall bemade from each forging. Also, one magnetic permeability testmust be made when specified on the customer order.11.2 For all classes of forgings weighi
49、ng more than 7000 lbeach, one tension test shall be made from each end of eachforging. In the case of ring forgings, the tension test specimenshall be removed from each of two locations on the periphery,approximately 180 apart, or insofar as practicable fromopposite ends of the forging. Also, one magnetic permeabilitytest must be made when specified on the customer order.11.3 For forgings weighing less than 5000 lb each,
