1、Designation: A485 17Standard Specification forHigh Hardenability Antifriction Bearing Steel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers high hardenability modific
3、a-tions of high-carbon bearing quality steel to be used in themanufacture of antifriction bearings.1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature areprovided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values giv
4、en in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for th
5、eDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements for SteelBars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-WroughtA255 Test Meth
6、ods for Determining Hardenability of SteelA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content ofSteelE381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and ForgingsE1019 Test Methods for Determination
7、of Carbon, Sulfur,Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and CobaltAlloys by Various Combustion and Fusion TechniquesE1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarbur-ization of Steel Specimens2.2 Other Standards:SAE J148a Grain Size Determination of Steel3ISO 683 Part 17: Ball and Rolle
8、r Bearing Steels43. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following information:3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),3.1.2 Grade identification,3.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.4 Dimensions,3.1.5 Supplementary requirements, if inclu
9、ded.4. Process4.1 The steel shall be made by a process that is capable ofproviding a high quality product meeting the requirements ofthis specification.5. Chemical Composition and Analysis5.1 Typical examples of chemical compositions are shownin Table 1. Other compositions may be specified.5.2 An an
10、alysis of each heat of steel shall be made by thesteel manufacturer in accordance with Test Methods, Practices,and Terminology A751. The chemical composition thus deter-mined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1for the ordered grade or to other requirements agreed uponbetween manuf
11、acturer and purchaser.5.3 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser inaccordance with Test Methods, Practices, and TerminologyA751. Permissible variations in product analysis shall be inaccordance with Specification A29/A29M.6. Sizes, Shapes, and Dimensional Tolerances6.1 The physical size and s
12、hape of the material shall beagreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys, and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.28 on Bearing Steels.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017
13、. Published October 2017. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A485 14. DOI:10.1520/A0485-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
14、 refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.4Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401
15、, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with interna
16、tionally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.16.2 Dimensional tolerances for hot-rolled or hot-r
17、olled andannealed bars, in straight lengths or coils, and cold-finishedbars furnished under this specification shall conform to therequirements specified in the latest edition of SpecificationA29/A29M.7. Quality Tests7.1 The supplier shall be held responsible for the quality ofthe material furnished
18、 and shall make the necessary tests toensure this quality. The supplier shall be required to report onthe results of the micro-inclusion rating tests detailed below.Quality tests shown in 7.1 through 7.3 are based uponprocedures established in Test Methods E45.7.2 SamplingSamples taken in accordance
19、 with the fol-lowing paragraphs shall be obtained from 4 by 4 in. (102 by102 mm) rolled billets or forged sections. Tests may be madeon smaller or larger sections by agreement with the purchaser.A minimum of 3 to 1 reduction of rolled billets or forgedsections is required for strand cast products.7.
20、2.1 For top poured products, a minimum of six samplesrepresenting the top and bottom of the first, middle and lastusable ingots shall be examined.7.2.2 For bottom poured products, a minimum of sixsamples shall be taken from semi-finished or finished productrepresenting the top and bottom of three in
21、gots. One ingot shallbe taken at random from the first usable plate poured, one ingotat random from the usable plate poured nearest to the middle ofthe heat, and one ingot at random from the last usable platepoured. When a heat is constituted by two usable plates, two ofthe sample ingots shall be se
22、lected from the second usable platepoured. When a heat consists of a single usable plate, any threerandom ingots may be selected. Other methods of samplingshall be as agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.7.2.3 For strand cast products, a minimum of six samplesrepresenting the first, middle
23、, and last portion of the heat castshall be examined. At least one sample shall be taken fromeach strand.7.3 Inclusion RatingSpecimens approximately38 by34 in.(9.5 by 19.1 mm) shall be taken from an area halfway betweenthe center and outside of the billet. The polished face shall belongitudinal to t
24、he direction of rolling. The scale used for ratingthe specimens shall be the chart described in Test MethodsE45, Method A, Plate I-A. Inclusion fields with sizes ornumbers intermediate between configurations shown on thechart shall be classified as the lesser of the rating number. Theworst field of
25、each inclusion type from each specimen shall berecorded as the rating for the specimen. Two thirds of allspecimens and at least one from each ingot tested, or from thefirst, middle and last portion of the strands tested as well as theaverage of all specimens, shall not exceed the rating specifiedin
26、Table 2.8. Grain Size8.1 The steels covered by this specification shall have thecapability of showing fine fracture grain size (approximatelyASTM No. 8) (SAE J418a) when quenched from normalaustenizing temperatures not exceeding 1550 F (843 C).9. Hardenability9.1 Each heat of the grades in Table 3 s
27、hall be tested forhardenability. Normalizing followed by spheroidize annealingshall precede heating for end quenching. In heating for endquenching, the test specimens shall be held for a minimum of30 min at 1500 6 8 F (815 6 4.5 C). End-quench procedureshall be in accordance with Test Methods A255.
28、The “J” valuesfor hardenability as shown in Table 3 shall apply.TABLE 1 Chemical CompositionA, BISOCName C Mn P (max) S (max) Si Cr Ni (max) Ti (max) Cu (max) Mo O (max)DAl (max). Grade 1 0.901.05 0.901.20 0.025 0.015 0.450.75 0.901.20 0.25 0.0050 0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.050. Grade 2 0.851.00 1.401
29、.70 0.025 0.015 0.500.80 1.401.80 0.25 0.0050 0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.050. Grade 3 0.951.10 0.650.90 0.025 0.015 0.150.35 1.101.50 0.25 0.0050 0.30 0.200.30 0.0015 0.050. Grade 4 0.951.10 1.051.35 0.025 0.015 0.150.35 1.101.50 0.25 0.0050 0.30 0.450.60 0.0015 0.050ISO 100CrMnSi44 0.931.05 0.901.20
30、0.025 0.015 0.450.75 0.901.20 . . .E0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.050ISO 100CrMnSi64 0.931.05 1.001.20 0.025 0.015 0.450.75 1.401.65 . . .E0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.050ISO 100CrMnSi66 0.931.05 1.401.70 0.025 0.015 0.450.75 1.401.65 . . .E0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.050ISO 100CrMo7 0.931.05 0.250.45 0.025 0.0
31、15 0.150.45 1.651.95 . . .E0.30 0.150.30 0.0015 0.050ISO 100CrMo73 0.931.05 0.600.80 0.025 0.015 0.150.45 1.651.95 . . .E0.30 0.200.35 0.0015 0.050ISO 100CrMo74 0.931.05 0.600.80 0.025 0.015 0.150.35 1.651.95 . . .E0.30 0.400.50 0.0015 0.050ISO 100CrMnMoSi846 0.931.05 0.801.10 0.025 0.015 0.400.60 1
32、.802.05 . . .E0.30 0.500.60 0.0015 0.050AElements not quoted shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser.BIntentional additions of calcium or calcium alloys for deoxidation or inclusion shape control are not permitted unless specifically approved by the purch
33、aser.CSteels listed as ISO meet the requirements of ISO 683, Part 17, Third Edition, Table 3.DOxygen content applies to product analysis and shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E1019.EA maximum titanium content may be agreed upon at the time of inquiry and order.TABLE 2 Inclusion Rat
34、ingRating UnitsThin Series Heavy SeriesA2.5 A1.5B2.0 B1.0C0.5 C0.5D1.0 D1.0TABLE 3 Hardenability ValuesRockwell CMinimum Rockwell C Values at Sixteenth of InchGrade 10 20 281 46 . .2 . . . 52 323 46 . .4 . . . 52 35A485 17210. Decarburization and Surface Imperfections10.1 Decarburization and surface
35、 imperfections shall notexceed the limits specified in Table 4. Decarburization shall bemeasured using the microscopical methods described in TestMethods E1077.11. Microstructure and Hardness11.1 The material shall be free of excessive carbide segre-gation.11.2 When annealing is specified in the ord
36、er, the steel shallhave a microstructure completely spheroidized, or as agreedupon, and the maximum hardness as specified in Table 5.12. Inspection12.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers inspectorall reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that thematerial is being produced and furn
37、ished in accordance withthis specification. Mill inspection by the purchaser shall notinterfere unnecessarily with the manufacturers operations. Alltests and inspections shall be made at the place of manufacture,unless otherwise agreed to.13. Certification and Reports13.1 Upon request of the purchas
38、er in the contract or order,a manufacturers certification that the material was manufac-tured and tested in accordance with this specification togetherwith a report of the test results shall be furnished at the time ofshipment. Special requirements agreed to at the time ofpurchase must be noted on t
39、he certification.SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the supplementary requirements described below apply when included inpurchasers order or contract. When so included, a supplementary requirement shall have the sameforce as if it were in the body of the specification. Supplementary requiremen
40、ts details not fullydescribed shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier, but shall not negate any of therequirements in the body of the specification.S1. “SAM” Inclusion Rating SystemS1.1 The purchaser may specify that the “SAM” inclusionrating method, described in Method E of Test
41、 Methods E45,beused in addition to the micro-inclusion rating method describedin 7.3.S1.2 SamplingSee Section 7.S1.3 LimitsThe “SAM” rating for Type B inclusions shallnot exceed 15. The “SAM” rating for Type D inclusions shallnot exceed 10.S2. Magnetic Particle MethodS2.1 The purchaser may specify t
42、hat the magnetic particlesmethod described below be used in addition to the micro-inclusion rating system described in 7.3. The magnetic particlemethod measures bearing steel cleanliness by evaluating thetotal length of macro-inclusions for a stated area or per unitarea. Results are commonly express
43、ed in mm/m2.S2.2 SamplingSee 7.2.S2.3 Test specimens shall be straight cylinder quarter sec-tion samples prepared and examined in accordance with themagnetic particle method of Test Methods E45.S2.4 For purposes of calculation, an inclusion length shallbe taken as the mean length of the length brack
44、et in which itfalls; that is, an inclusion in the116 to18 in. bracket shall betaken as being332 in length. The sum of all lengths for eachspecimen shall be determined and expressed as total length perarea inspected. The average total length per area inspected ofall six specimens shall not exceed 200
45、 mm/m2(or equivalent).TABLE 4 Decarburization and Surface Imperfections for Bars and TubesMaximum Decarburization or Surface Imperfections per Side, in. (mm)Size, in. (mm) Hot-Rolled Bars Hot-Rolled Annealed Cold-Finished AnnealedBars Tubes Bars TubesOver 1.000 (25.4) to 2.000 (50.8), incl 0.017 (0.
46、43) 0.022 (0.56) 0.020 (0.51) 0.017 (0.43) 0.014 (0.36)Over 2.000 (50.8) to 3.000 (76.2), incl 0.025 (0.64) 0.030 (0.76) 0.030 (0.76) 0.025 (0.64) 0.019 (0.48)Over 3.000 (76.2) to 4.000 (101.6), incl 0.035 (0.89) 0.045 (1.14) 0.035 (0.89) . . . 0.024 (0.61)Over 4.000 (101.6) to 5.000 (127.0), incl 0
47、.055 (1.40) 0.065 (1.65) 0.040 (1.02) . . . 0.028 (0.71)TABLE 5 Hardness Limits for Annealed MaterialProduct ConditionMaximum HardnessBrinell RockwellCoils hot-rolled, annealed . . . B97Bars and tubes hot-rolled, annealed 217 . . .Coils annealed, cold drawn (stress relieved) . . . B92Coils, bars, an
48、d tubes annealed, cold drawnA260 . . .ACold swaged material is not included.A485 173S3. Sulfur Requirements for MachinabilityS3.1 The sulfur content shall be 0.0150.030 %.S3.2 The sulfide (type A) rating units in Table 2 shall be 3.0thin and 2.0 heavy.S3.3 The manufacturers certification shall state
49、 that mate-rial was produced to this supplementary requirement whenapplicable.S4. Calculated HardenabilityS4.1 A calculated hardenability shall be used in lieu of therequirements in Section 9. The method used shall be agreedupon between the purchaser and the steel supplier at the timeof inquiry and order.S5. Sample Reduction RatioS5.1 For the sampling described in 7.2, the purchaser mayspecify that the reduction ratio from as-cast section to testsection be provided.S6. Macroetch TestingS6.1 Samp
