1、Designation: A 489 04e1Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Lifting Eyes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 489; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthese
2、s indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1NOTESections 2.2 and 3.1.10 were editorially revised in October 2006.1. Scope*1.1 T
3、his specification covers weldless forged, quenched,and tempered carbon steel threaded lifting eyes (formerlyeyebolts) for overhead lifting.NOTE 1Lifting eyes carrying this specification number even thoughthey are liquid quenched and tempered may be processed from carbonsteel which, in the compositio
4、n range permitted by this specification,could have a fracture appearance transition temperature (50 % shear)higher than operating temperatures. Therefore, in order to minimize thepossibility of a brittle cleavage failure, these lifting eyes should never beloaded above the proof load, and should not
5、be used when surfacediscontinuities exist on the lifting eyes.1.2 The specification includes two types denoting shankpattern and one style denoting shank length (both defined inASME B 18.15) as follows:1.2.1 Type 1Plain pattern (straight shank).1.2.2 Type 2Shoulder pattern.1.2.3 Style BShort length.
6、1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F 1789 unless otherwise defined herein.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 370 Test Method
7、s and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeF 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of E
8、xternally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF 1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners2.2 ASME Standards:3B 1.1 Unified Inch Screw ThreadsB 18.15 Forged Lifting EyesB 18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan-dard for B 18 Fastener Produc
9、ts3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for lifting eyes under this specification shouldinclude the following information:3.1.1 ASTM specification number and date of issue.3.1.2 Name of product, that is lifting eyes.3.1.3 Type and style (see 1.2, Type 1 Style B) will befurnished when a Type and Style is
10、 not specified.3.1.4 Drawing, if nonstandard lifting eyes are required (see8.3).3.1.5 Number of pieces.3.1.6 Size, nominal thread diameter and threads.3.1.7 Certification, if required (see Section 14).3.1.8 Supplementary requirements, if required.3.1.9 Other special requirements.3.1.10 For establish
11、ment of a part identifying system, seeASME B 18.24.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Melting ProcessThe steel shall be made by theopen-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process andshall be made to a fine-grain practice.4.2 ForgingLifting eyes shall be forged without welds.4.3 Heat TreatmentThe
12、 lifting eyes shall be liquidquenched and tempered prior to machining the threaded end.4.4 MachiningThe lifting eyes shall be machined after thequench and temper operation.4.5 ThreadsThe lifting eyes shall be threaded. Threadsmay be rolled, cut, or ground.1This specification is under the jurisdictio
13、n of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets, and Washers.Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approvedin 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as A 489 03.2For referenced ASTM standar
14、ds, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headqu
15、arters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Chemical Composition5.1 LimitsThe lifting eyes shall be manufacture
16、d fromsteels having a heat analysis conforming to the requirements inTable 1.5.2 Product Analysis:5.2.1 Analyses of finished lifting eyes may be made by thepurchaser or may be requested to be made by the manufacturer.The composition thus determined shall conform to the productanalysis requirements s
17、pecified in Table 1.5.3 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Proof LoadThe lifting eyes shall withstand the proofload specified in Table 2.6.1.1 The proof load shall be defined as the load that can beapplied
18、 without causing permanent deformation exceeding0.01 in. (0.255 mm) between prick punch marks at oppositeends of the diameter across the eye. The proof load shall beapplied through a mandrel having a diameter of one half thenominal inside diameter of the eye.6.2 Breaking StrengthThe lifting eyes sha
19、ll conform tothe breaking strength specified in Table 2.6.2.1 The breaking strength shall be determined by screw-ing the lifting eye to the full thread engagement into a blocksecured in one jaw of the testing machine and held to the otherjaw by means of a mandrel passing through the eye. Failure oft
20、he lifting eye below the specified breaking strength constitutesa failure.6.3 Tensile Test RequirementsA specimen machined froma finished lifting eye shall conform to the tensile requirementsspecified in Table 3.6.3.1 When the lifting eye is too small to have a tensile barmachined from it, a test sp
21、ecimen from the same heat of steeland same heat treatment lot or charge as the lifting eyes to betested shall be used to establish the tensile properties of thematerial in accordance with 6.3.6.3.2 The tensile properties shall be determined in accor-dance with Test Methods F 606.6.4 Bend TestType 1
22、straight shank lifting eyes 112 in.(36.1 mm) or less in diameter, after being screwed into a steelblock to the full thread length and bent 45 by pressure, shallnot exhibit any visible surface ruptures in the unthreadedsection of the lifting eye when examined at 103 magnification.6.5 Impact StrengthT
23、he lifting eyes shall have an averageCharpy V-notch impact strength of not less than 35 ftlbf (47 J)at 0C (32F).6.5.1 The impact strength shall be the average of threespecimens tested. Not more than one specimen shall exhibit avalue below the specified minimum average, and in no caseshall a value be
24、 less than 23 ftlbf (31 J).6.5.2 Whenever possible, test specimens shall be taken fromthe shank and shall conform to the standard 10 by 10-mmCharpy V-notch specimen shown in Test Methods and Defini-tions A 370. When lifting eyes are too small for standard-sizespecimens, subsize specimens may be used
25、, or specimens thatrepresent the same heat and have been subjected to the sameforging and heat-treating practices as the lifting eyes theyrepresent may be taken from separate test coupons.6.5.3 The impact properties shall be determined in accor-dance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.7. Grain
26、Size7.1 The finished lifting eyes shall have an as-finished grainsize of ASTM No. 5 or finer.7.2 The grain size shall be rated from a broken tensilespecimen end representing a heat treated lot of one size.TABLE 1 Chemical CompositionElement Heat Analysis Product AnalysisCarbon, max 0.48 0.51Manganes
27、e, max 1.00 1.06Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.048Sulfur, max 0.050 0.058Silicon 0.150.35 0.120.38TABLE 2 Breaking Strength and Proof Load Requirements,Types 1 and 2NominalThread SizeTensile StressAreaABreakingStrength, minProof Load,minBInch Pound Unitsin. in.2lbf lbf14 20 0.0318 2 100 800516 18 0.0524 3
28、400 1 36038 16 0.0775 5 000 2 000716 14 0.1063 6 900 2 76012 13 0.1419 9 200 3 680916 12 0.182 11 830 4 74058 11 0.226 14 700 5 88034 10 0.334 21 700 8 68078 9 0.462 30 000 12 00018 0.606 39 400 15 760118 7 0.763 49 600 19 840114 7 0.969 63 000 25 200112 6 1.41 91 600 36 520134 5 1.90 123 500 49 400
29、24 2.50 162 500 65 000212 4 4.00 260 000 104 000AThe stress area is calculated as follows:As = 0.7854 D (0.9743/n)2where:As = stress area, in.2,D = nominal bolt size, andn = threads per inch.BProof load is calculated as 2 times the rated capacity in straight pull (0degrees) specified in ASME B 18.15
30、.TABLE 3 Tensile Properties for Machined SpecimensTensile strength, psi 65 00090 000Tensile strength (MPa) (448620)Yield point, min, psi 30 000Yield point, min (MPa) (207)Elongation in 4D, min, % 30Reduction of area, min, % 60A48904e127.3 Tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Meth-ods E11
31、2.8. Dimensions8.1 The dimensions of the lifting eyes shall conform to therequirements specified in latest issue of ASME B 18.15 unlessotherwise specified.8.2 The Type and Style shall be as specified by the pur-chaser. When not specified, Type 1, Style B shall be furnished.8.3 When dimensions other
32、than specified in 8.1 are re-quired, they shall be in accordance with the purchasersdrawing. In such cases, the proof load and breaking strengthrequirements are not applicable because the manufacturercannot be assured that the purchasers proprietary design canwithstand the loads in this specificatio
33、n. The machined speci-men tensile, impact, and bend tests shall apply in addition to allother requirements of this specification.9. Threads9.1 The lifting eyes shall be threaded. Threads shall con-form to the Unified Coarse Thread Series as specified inASMEB 1.1 and shall have Class 2A tolerances.10
34、. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance10.1 The lifting eyes shall be descaled.10.2 The lifting eyes shall be free of injurious imperfectionsthat would make them unsuitable for the intended use. Thethreads shall be undamaged upon receipt by the purchaser asdemonstrated by the ability to accept a Go Ri
35、ng Gage withnormal hand force.11. Number of Tests and Retests11.1 Lot Definition:11.1.1 Alot shall consist of forgings produced from one heatof steel per treatment charge.11.1.2 If more than one heat of steel is used per treatmentcharge, all heats must be tested as defined in 11.2.1.11.1.3 A treatme
36、nt charge is defined as one furnace load oflifting eyes of the same size per quench and temper operationor in a continuous furnace as every8hofcontinuous operationin quenching and tempering of lifting eyes of the same size.11.2 Number of Tests:11.2.1 Each lot shall be tested for proof load, breaking
37、strength, tensile, and bend properties at the frequency specifiedbelow:Number of Pieces in Lot Number of Tests800 and under 1801 to 8000 28001 to 22 000 3Over 22 000 511.2.2 The number of tests for impact strength and grainsize shall be in accordance with the manufacturers standardquality control pr
38、actices. A specific number of tests are notrequired but the lifting eyes shall be produced by manufactur-ing practices and subject to mill tests and inspection to ensurecompliance with the specified requirements.11.3 Retests:11.3.1 If the results of the mechanical tests do not conformto the requirem
39、ents specified, the manufacturer may retest thesame lot if double the number of samples required for that lotare retested, in which case all additional tests shall meet therequirements of the specification.11.3.2 If any test specimen shows defective machining, itmay be discarded and another specimen
40、 substituted.12. Inspection12.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers qualityassurance representative all reasonable facilities necessary tosatisfy him that the lifting eyes are being produced andfurnished in accordance with this specification. Mill inspectionby the purchaser shall not interf
41、ere unnecessarily with themanufacturers operations. All tests and inspections shall bemade at the place of manufacture, unless otherwise agreed to.12.2 Lots represented by lifting eyes tested by the purchaserthat fail to meet the specified requirements shall be subject torejection.13. Rejection and
42、Rehearing13.1 Lifting eye lots that fail to conform to the requirementsof this specification may be rejected. Rejection should bereported to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. Incase of dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the produceror supplier may make claim for a rehearin
43、g.14. Certification14.1 When specified by the purchaser, a test report shall befurnished for each lot showing the following:14.1.1 Heat analysis and heat number(s),14.1.2 Results of proof load, breaking strength, tensile, andbend tests,14.1.3 Results of any supplementary requirements invoked,14.1.4
44、Statement of compliance with grain size and impactrequirements,14.1.5 Purchase order number,14.1.6 Lot number(s), and14.1.7 ASTM specification number, including type, style,and date of issue.15. Responsibility15.1 The party responsible for the lifting eye shall be theorganization that supplies the l
45、ifting eye to the purchaser.16. Product Marking16.1 Each lifting eye shall have the manufacturers name oridentification mark forged in raised characters on the surface ofthe lifting eye.17. Packaging and Package Marking17.1 Packaging:17.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, packaging shall be inaccordance
46、 with Practice D 3951.17.1.2 When special packaging requirements are required,they shall be defined at the time of the inquiry and order.17.2 Package Marking:17.2.1 Each shipping unit shall include or be plainly markedwith the following information:17.2.1.1 ASTM designation and type,17.2.1.2 Size,A4
47、8904e1317.2.1.3 Name and brand or trademark of the manufacturer,17.2.1.4 Number of pieces,17.2.1.5 Purchase order number, and17.2.1.6 Country of origin.18. Keywords18.1 carbon steel; eyebolts; lifting eye; steelSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirement shall apply only when s
48、pecified by the purchaser as partof the purchasers order or contract and for all agencies of the United States Government.S1. Impact TestsS1.1 Impact tests shall be conducted on each lot. Thenumber of tests shall be in accordance with 11.2.1. The resultsshall be reported to the purchaser.S2. Proof L
49、oad TestsProof load tests shall be conductedon each lifting eye. The results shall be reported to thepurchaser.S3. Grain Size TestsGrain size shall be determined oneach tensile specimen. The results shall be reported to thepurchaser.SUMMARY OF CHANGESThis section identifies the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue,A 48903, that mayimpact the use of this standard. (Approved July 1, 2004.)(1) Revised Section 15, Responsibility.This section identifies the location of selected changes to t
