1、Designation: A 493 95 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Specification forStainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods for Cold Heading andCold Forging1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 493; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specificat
3、ion covers cold-finished and hot-finishedstainless steel wire and wire rods for cold heading or coldforging for applications, such as fasteners, where corrosionresistance is a factor.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI equivalents are in parentheses an
4、d maybe approximate.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranu-lar Attack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA 555/A 555M Specification for General Requirements forStainless Steel Wire and Wire RodsA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology f
5、orChemical Analysis of Steel Products3. Ordering Information3.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify allrequirements that are necessary for material ordered under thisspecification. Such requirements may include, but are notlimited to the following:3.1.1 Quantity (weight),3.1.2 Size
6、(diameter),3.1.3 Type or UNS number (see Table 1),3.1.4 Name (wire or wire rods),3.1.5 ASTM designation and issue date,3.1.6 Condition (see 5.2),3.1.7 Coating (see 5.3),3.1.8 Coil size (inside and outside diameter),3.1.9 Special requirements, and3.1.10 Supplementary requirements.4. General Requireme
7、nts for Delivery4.1 In addition to the requirements of this specification, allrequirements of the current editions of Specification A 555/A 555M shall apply. Failure to comply with the generalrequirements of Specification A 555/A 555M constitutes non-conformance with this specification.NOTE 1A typic
8、al ordering description is as follows: 5000 lb (2268 kg)0.225 in. (5.72 mm) round Type 305 cold heading wire, lightly drafted,copper coated, 32 in. (813 mm) max OD22 in. (559 mm) min ID, coils,ASTM Specification A 493 XX. End use: hex head machine bolts.5. Manufacture5.1 Heat Treatment:5.1.1 Austeni
9、tic grades shall be annealed at 1800F (980C)minimum, so that grain boundary carbides enter into solution,and rapidly quenched to prevent grain boundary precipitationof carbides that would cause susceptibility to intergranularcorrosion. See Supplementary Requirements.5.1.2 Ferritic and martensitic gr
10、ades shall be annealed tomeet the requirements for mechanical properties.5.2 Condition:5.2.1 Wire shall be furnished in one of the followingconditions:5.2.1.1 Lightly drafted (normal condition and need not bespecified if this is condition desired),5.2.1.2 Annealed, or5.2.1.3 Drafted to a specified t
11、ensile strength range (asagreed upon between purchaser and producer).5.2.2 Rods shall be furnished in the annealed condition,scale removed.5.3 Coatings and Lubricants:5.3.1 Coatings are necessary for most cold-heading orforming operations. An electroplated copper coating is oftenused. The following
12、coatings may be specified: copper, lime, orspecial (as agreed upon between purchaser and producer).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.17 on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainle
13、ss Steel.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as A 493 95 (2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book o
14、f ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3.2 Lubricants are applied over the coating during thefinal drafting operation perf
15、ormed by the producer. Soap isgenerally used. The following lubricants may be specified:soap, grease, or special (as agreed upon between purchaser andproducer).6. Chemical Requirements6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemicalcomposition specified in Table 1.6.2 Methods and practic
16、es relating to chemical analysisrequired by this specification shall be in accordance with TestMethods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.7. Mechanical Requirements7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as tomechanical properties specified in Table 2. Material can bemanufactured to tensil
17、e strength ranges other than those shownin Table 2. The producer should be consulted when material isrequired to tensile strength ranges other than those specified.8. Resistance to Intergranular Corrosion8.1 All austenitic grades in the annealed condition orannealed and lightly drafted condition sha
18、ll be capable ofpassing Practice E of Practices A 262. When SupplementaryRequirement S1 is invoked, all austenitic grades shall be testedand pass Practice E of Practices A 262.9. Packaging and Package Marking9.1 PackagingCoils shall be bundled or boxed in such amanner as to assure safe delivery to t
19、heir destination whenproperly transported by any common carrier.9.2 MarkingsEach lift, bundle, or box shall be properlytagged with durable tags (metal, plastic, or equivalent), show-ing size, grade, cold-heading wire, condition coating, heatnumber, and ASTM A 493.10. Keywords10.1 austenitic stainles
20、s steel; ferritic stainless steel; mar-tensitic stainless steel; stainless steel cold forging wire; stain-less steel cold heading wireTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsGrade Composition, %UNSDesignationAISITypeCarbon,maxAManga-nese,maxPhos-phorus,maxSulfur,maxSilicon,maxChromium Nickel Copper Molyb-denum
21、Nitrogen,maxAOtherElementsAustenitic GradesS 30200 302 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 1.00 max 0.10S 30400 304 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.010.5 1.00 max 0.10S 30403 304L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.012.0 1.00 max 0.10S 30430 0.03 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 8.01
22、0.0 3.04.0S 30500 305 0.04 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 10.513.0 1.00 maxS 31600 316 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 0.10S 31603 316L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 0.10S 38400 384 0.04 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 15.017.0 17.019.0Ferritic GradesS 40940 0.06
23、 1.00 0.045 0.040 1.00 10.511.7 0.50 max Cb 10XC0.75S 42900 429 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 14.016.0S 43000 430 0.04 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.018.0S 44401 . . . 0.025 1.00 0.040 0.030 . . . 17.519.5 1.00 max 1.752.50 0.035 Ti+Cb 0.20+43(C+N)0.80S 44625B. . . 0.010B0.40 0.020 0.020 0.40 25.027.5 0.50
24、max 0.2 max 0.751.50 0.015BNi+Cu 0.5 maxS 44700B. . . 0.010B0.30 0.025 0.020 0.20 28.030.0 0.15 max 0.15 max 3.54.2 0.020BC+N 0.025 maxS 44800B. . . 0.010B0.30 0.025 0.020 0.20 28.030.0 2.002.50 0.15 max 3.54.2 0.020BC+N 0.025 maxMartensitic GradesS 41000 410 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.513.5S 420
25、10 . . . 0.150.30 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 13.515.0 0.350.85 0.400.85S 43100 431 0.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 15.017.0 1.252.50S 44004 440C 0.951.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 0.75 maxAMaximum, unless otherwise indicated.BProduct analysis tolerance over the maximum limit for carbon and nitrogen to be
26、 0.002 %.A 493 95 (2004)2SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following may be required when the purchase order so specifies:S1. Austenitic GradesS1.1 Austenitic grades shall be tested and pass the test forintergranular susceptibility in accordance with Practice E ofPractices A 262.ASTM International takes
27、 no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own resp
28、onsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addresse
29、d to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the
30、address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phon
31、e), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 2 Mechanical Property Requirements for Lightly Drafted and Annealed WireNOTE 1 This table applies to sizes 0.100 in. (2.5 mm) and larger. For smaller sizes, similar mechanical properties apply to fer
32、ritic and martensiticgrades; however the producer should be consulted regarding somewhat higher tensile properties applicable to austenitic grades.Grade As-Annealed Lightly DraftedUNS No. Type No. ksi max. MPa max. ksi max. MPa max.Austenitic GradesS 30200 302 95 655 105 725S 30400 304 90 620 105 72
33、5S 30403 304L 90 620 102 705S 30430 . . . 88 605 96 660S 30500 305 85 585 95 655S 31600 316 90 620 95 655S 31603 316L 85 585 93 640S 38400 384 80 550 85 585Ferritic GradesS 40940 409Cb 70 485 80 550S 42900 429 85 485 90 620S 43000 430 75 520 86 595S 44401 . . . 80 550 90 620S 44625 . . . 100 690 105 725S 44700 . . . 100 690 105 725S 44800 . . . 100 690 105 725Martensitic GradesS 41000 410 82 565 85A585AS 42010 . . . 100 690 105 725S 43100 431 110 760 115 795S 44004 440C 110 760 120 830AFor sizes below 0.160 in. (4 mm) 90 ksi (620 MPa) max.A 493 95 (2004)3
