1、Designation: A 494/A 494M 07Standard Specification forCastings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 494/A 494M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers nickel, nickel-copper, nick
3、el-copper-silicon, nickel-molybdenum, nickel-chromium, andnickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy castings for corrosion-resistant service.1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values st
4、ated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation. Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered toSpecification A 494 and SI units for material
5、 ordered toSpecification A 494M.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 488/A 488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Quali-fications of Procedures and PersonnelA 732/A 732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-
6、bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, andCobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated TemperaturesA 781/A 781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,Common Requirements, for General Industrial UseE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significa
7、nt Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, CastIron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron3E38 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Chromiumand Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys3E76 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Nickel-CopperAl
8、loys3E 354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 master heata single furnace charge of refined alloy,which may either be poured directly into castings or into remeltalloy for i
9、ndividual melts.3.1.2 meltsa single furnace charge poured into castings.When master heats are used to prepare melts, a melt analysisshall be reported.4. General Conditions for Delivery4.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A 781/A 781M, includi
10、ngany supplementary requirements that are indicated in thepurchase order. Failure to comply with the general require-ments of Specification A 781/A 781M constitutes nonconfor-mance with this specification. In case of conflict between therequirements of this specification and Specification A 781/A 78
11、1M, this specification shall prevail.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for castings to this specification should includethe following information:5.1.1 Quantity, in pieces, and5.1.2 Grade designation (Table 1) and class (Table 2).5.2 The purchaser shall specify any of the following infor-mation requ
12、ired to describe adequately the desired material:5.2.1 Heat-treat condition (see 6.1 and 6.2),5.2.2 Repair welding (see Section 11)1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on
13、 Castings.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A 494/A 494M 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMS
14、tandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.TABLE1ChemicalR
15、equirementsNOTEValuesaremaximumunlessotherwiseindicated.GradeCZ100M35-1AM35-2M30HM25SM30CAN12MVN7MN3MCY40CW12MWCW6MCW2MCW6MCCY5SnBiMCX2MWCU5MCuCCX2MUNSNumbersN02100N24135N04020N24030N24025N24130N30012N30007J30003N06040N30002N30107N26455N26625N26055N26022N08826N26059Composition,%C,max1.000.350.350.30
16、0.250.300.120.070.030.400.120.070.020.060.050.020.050 max0.02Mn,max1.501.501.501.501.501.501.001.001.001.501.001.001.001.001.51.001.0max1.00Si,max2.001.252.002.7-3.73.5-4.51.0-2.01.001.000.503.001.001.000.801.000.50.801.0 max0.50P,max0.030.030.030.030.030.030.0400.0400.0400.030.0400.0400.030.0150.03
17、0.0250.030 max0.020S,max0.030.030.030.030.030.030.0300.0300.0300.030.0300.0300.030.0150.030.0250.030 max0.020Cu1.25 max26.0- 33.026.0-33.027.0-33.027.0- 33.026.0-33.0.1.50-3.50.Mo.26.0-30.030.0-33.030.0- 33.0.16.0- 18.017.0- 20.015.0- 17.58.0-10.02.0-3.512.5-14.52.5-3.515.0-16.5Fe3.00 max3.50 max3.5
18、0 max3.50 max3.50 max3.50 max4.0-6.03.00max3.00 max11.0max4.5-7.53.0max2.0 max5.0 max2.0 max2.0-6.0balance1.50 maxNi95.00 minbalancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalance38.0-44.0balanceCr.1.001.01.014.0-17.015.5- 17.517.0- 20.015.0- 17.520
19、.0-23.011.0-14.020.0-22.519.5-23.522.0-24.0Cb(Nb).0.5 max0.5 max.1.0-3.0.3.15-4.50.0.60-1.20.W.3.75-5.25.1.0max.2.5-3.5.V.0.20-0.60.0.20-0.40.0.35max.Bi.3.0-5.0.Sn.3.0-5.0.AOrderM35-1orM30Cwhenweldabilityisrequired.A 494/A 494M 0725.2.3 Source inspection requirements, if any (see Specifica-tion A 78
20、1/A 781M),5.2.4 Marking-for-identification requirements, if any (see13.1), and5.2.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including thestandards of acceptance.6. Heat Treatment6.1 Castings shall be heat treated in accordance with therequirements in Table 2.NOTE 1Proper heat treatment of these alloys i
21、s usually necessary toenhance corrosion resistance and, in some cases, to meet mechanicalproperties. Minimum heat-treat temperatures are specified; however, it issometimes necessary to heat treat at higher temperatures, hold for someminimum time at temperature, and then rapidly cool the castings in
22、orderto enhance the corrosion resistance and meet mechanical properties.6.2 When Class 1 is specified, grades CY40 and M25S shallbe supplied in the as-cast condition. When Class 2 is specified,grades CY40 and M25S shall be supplied in the solution-treated condition. When Class 3 is specified, grade
23、M25S shallbe supplied in the age-hardened condition.7. Chemical Composition7.1 These alloys shall conform to the chemical compositionrequirements prescribed in Table 1.7.2 An analysis of each master heat shall be made by themanufacturer to determine the percentages of the elementsspecified in Table
24、1. The analysis shall be made from arepresentative sample taken during the pouring of the masterheat. Chemical composition shall be reported to the purchaseror his representative.7.3 Test Methods E76or Test Methods E 354 shall be usedfor referee purposes. Test Methods E30or Methods E38shallbe used i
25、f Test Methods E76or Test Methods E 354 do notinclude a method for some element present in the material.8. Tensile Properties8.1 One tension test shall be made from each master heatexcept for grades M25S and CY5SnBiM when the master heatis used to pour the castings. One tension test shall be madefro
26、m each melt except for grades M25S and CY5SnBiM. Testresults shall conform to the tensile requirements specified inTable 3. Test bars shall be poured in special blocks from thesame heat as the castings represented.8.2 The bar from which the test specimen is taken shall beheat treated in production f
27、urnaces to the same procedure as thecastings it represents. If the castings are not heat treated, thebar used for the test specimen must not be heat treated.TABLE 2 Heat Treat RequirementsGrade Heat TreatmentCZ100, M35-1, M35-2, CY40 Class 1, M30H, M30C,M25S Class 1, CY5SnBiMAs castM25S, Class 2ALoa
28、d into furnace at 600F 315C maximum. Heat to 1600F 870C and holdfor 1 h plus an additional 30 min for each12 in. 13 mm of cross section over 1in.BCool to 1300F 705CCand hold at temperature for 30 min then quench inoil to room temperature.M25S, Class 3 Load into furnace at 600F 315C maximum. Heat slo
29、wly to 1100F 605C andhold to develop maximum hardness. Furnace or air cool to room temperature.N12MV, N7M, N3M Heat to 2000F 1095C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CW12MW, CW6M, CW6MC, CW2M Heat to 2150F 1175C minimum, hol
30、d for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CY40, Class 2 Heat to 1900F 1040C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CX2MW Heat to 2200F 1205C minimum, hold for sufficient t
31、ime to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid air cool by other means.CU5MCuC Heat to 2100F 1150C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water. Stabilize at 1725-1815F 940-990C, hold forsufficient time to heat castings to temperature, quench in wat
32、er or rapid cool byother means.CX2M Heat to 2100F 1150C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid air cool by other means.AM25S, while machinable in the “as-cast” condition, is capable of being solution treated for improved machinability. It may be su
33、bsequently age hardened to thehardness specified in Table 3 and finished machined or ground.BFor cross sections over 6 in. 125 mm, it may be necessary to increase the hold time if maximum softness is desired.CFor maximum softness and the least variation in hardness levels, castings should be transfe
34、rred from an oven at 1600F 870C to a second oven at 1300F 705C.TABLE 3 Mechanical PropertiesCZ100 M35-1 M35-2 M30H M25S M30C N12MV N7M N3M CY40 CW-12MWCW6M CW2M CW6MC CY5S-nBiMCX2MW CU5-MCuCCX2MTensile strength,min, ksi MPa503456545065450100690. 654507652576525765257048572495724957249570485. 8055075
35、52072495Yield strength,min, ksi MPa18125251703020560415. 32.52254027540275402752819540275402754027540275. 453103524039270Elongation in 2 in.50 mm,Amin, %10 25 25 10 . 25 6 20 20.0 30 4 25 20 25 . 30 20 40Hardness HB . . . .B. . . . . . . . . . . . .AWhen ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as
36、provided for in Specification A 732/A 732M, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4 to 1.B300 HB minimum for the age hardened condition.A 494/A 494M 0738.3 Test specimens may be cut from castings, at the produc-ers option, instead of from test bars.8.4 When castings are produced
37、 by methods other thaninvestment process, tension test coupons shall be machined tothe form and dimension shown in Fig. 8 of, and tested inaccordance with, Test Methods E8.8.4.1 When castings are produced by the investment pro-cess, test specimens in accordance with Specification A 732/A 732M shall
38、be used for measurement of tensile properties.8.5 If any specimen shows defective machining or developsflaws, it may be discarded and another substituted from thesame heats.8.6 To determine conformance with the tension test require-ments, an observed value or calculated value shall be roundedin acco
39、rdance with Practice E29to the nearest 500 psi 3.5MPa for yield and tensile strength and to the nearest 1 % forelongation and reduction of area.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 Critical surfaces of all castings intended for corrosion-resistant service shall be cleaned. Cleaning may be accom
40、-plished by blasting with clean sand or metallic corrosion-resistant shot or by other approved methods.10. Quality10.1 The castings shall not be peened, plugged, or impreg-nated to stop leaks.10.2 Internal chills and chaplets may be used in the manu-facture of castings. However, the chills, chaplets
41、 and affectedcast material must be completely removed.11. Repair by Welding11.1 Repairs shall be made by using a welding procedureand operators capable of producing sound welds. The compo-sition of deposited weld metal shall be similar to that of thecastings.11.2 Weld repairs shall be considered maj
42、or in the case of acasting that has leaked on hydrostatic test or when the depth ofthe cavity after preparation for repair exceeds 20 % of theactual wall thickness, or 1 in. 25 mm, whichever is smaller,or when the extent of the cavity exceeds approximately 10in.265 cm2. All other weld repairs shall
43、be considered minor.Major and minor weld repairs shall be subject to the samequality standards as are used to inspect the castings.11.3 Castings of M30H, M25S, and CY5SnBiM may not beweld repaired.11.4 Grades N12MV, N7M, N3M, CW12MW, CW6M,CW2M, CX2MW, CX2M, CW6MC, and CU5MCuC mayrequire post-weld he
44、at treatment after major weld repairs. Ifpost-weld heat treatment is required, it must be specified alongwith the grade. If required, it shall be performed in accordancewith Section 6.11.5 For grade CU5MCuC, the composition of the depos-ited weld metal shall be similar to that of AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo3
45、 or AWS A5.11 E NiCrMo3.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Samples that represent rejected material shall be pre-served for two weeks from the date of transmission of therejection report. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of thetests, the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing withinthat
46、 time.13. Product Marking13.1 Castings shall be marked for the material identificationwith the ASTM specification designation (A 494/A 494M) andgrade symbol, that is, CY40. The manufacturers name oridentification mark and the pattern number shall be cast orstamped on all castings except those of suc
47、h small size as tomake such marking impractical. To minimize small defectscaused by dislodged particles of molding sand, the number ofcast identification marks shall be minimized. The marking ofheat numbers on individual castings shall be agreed upon bythe manufacturer and the purchaser. Markings sh
48、all be in suchposition as not to injure the usefulness of the casting.13.1.1 When the castings are too small to mark individually,a symbol traceable to the heat shall be placed on the castingsand the required identification then placed on a tag affixed tothe container in which these castings are shi
49、pped.14. Keywords14.1 corrosion-resistant applications; nickel; nickel alloycastings; nickel alloys; nickel castingsSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements shall not apply unless specified in the purchase order. Alist of standard supplementary requirements for use at the option of the purchaser is included inSpecificationA 781/A 781M
