1、Designation: A494/A494M 14aStandard Specification forCastings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A494/A494M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers nickel, nickel-copper, ni
3、ckel-copper-silicon, nickel-molybdenum, nickel-chromium, andnickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy castings for corrosion-resistant service.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; t
4、herefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA488/A488M Practice for Steel Casting
5、s, Welding, Qualifi-cations of Procedures and PersonnelA732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, andCobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated TemperaturesA781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,Common Requirements, for Gen
6、eral Industrial UseA957/A957M Specification for Investment Castings, Steeland Alloy, Common Requirements, for General IndustrialUseE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE30 Test Metho
7、ds for ChemicalAnalysis of Steel, Cast Iron,Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)3E38 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Chromiumand Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (Withdrawn 1989)3E76 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-CopperAlloys (Withdrawn 2003)3E354 Test Methods for Ch
8、emical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 master heata single furnace charge of refined alloy,which may either be poured directly into castings or into remeltalloy for individual melts.3.1.2 meltsa s
9、ingle furnace charge poured into castings.When master heats are used to prepare melts, a melt analysisshall be reported.4. General Conditions for Delivery4.1 Except for investment castings, castings furnished tothis specification shall conform to the requirements of Speci-fication A781/A781M, includ
10、ing any supplementary require-ments that are indicated on the purchase order. Failure tocomply with the general requirements of Specification A781/A781M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. Incase of conflict between the requirements of this specificationand Specification A781/A781M,
11、this specification shall pre-vail.4.2 Investment castings furnished to this specification shallconform to the requirements of Specification A957/A957M,including any supplementary requirements that are indicated inthe purchase order. Failure to comply with the general require-ments of Specification A
12、957/A957M constitutes nonconfor-mance with this specification. In case of conflict between therequirements of this specification and Specification A957/A957M, Specification A957/A957M shall prevail.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for castings to this specification should includethe following infor
13、mation:5.1.1 Quantity, in pieces, and5.1.2 Grade designation (Table 1) and class (Table 2).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved Oct.
14、1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A494/A494M 14.DOI: 10.1520/A0494_A0494M-14A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandar
15、ds volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
16、, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1TABLE1ChemicalRequirementsNOTE1Valuesaremaximumunlessotherwiseindicated.AlloyFamilyNiNi-CuNi-MoNi-CrOtherGradeCZ100M25SM30CAM30HM35-1AM35-2N3MN7MN12MVCU5MCuCCW2MCW6MCW6MCCW12MWCX2MCX2MWCY40CY5SnBiMUNSNumbersN02100N24025N24130N24030N24135N24020J30003J
17、30007N30012N08826N26455N30107N26625N30002N26059N26022N06040N26055Composition,%C1.000.250.300.300.350.350.030.070.120.0500.020.070.060.120.020.020.400.05Mn1.501.501.501.501.501.501.001.001.001.01.001.001.001.001.001.001.501.5Si2.003.5-4.51.0-2.02.7-3.71.252.000.501.001.001.00.801.001.001.000.500.803.
18、000.5P0.030.030.030.030.030.030.0300.0300.0300.0300.030.0300.0150.0300.0200.0250.030.03S0.020.020.020.020.020.020.0200.0200.0200.0200.020.0200.0150.0200.0200.0200.020.02Cu1.2527.0-33.026.0-33.027.0-33.026.0- 33.026.0-33.0.1.50-3.50BBBBBBB.Mo.30.0-33.030.0- 33.026.0-30.02.5-3.515.0-17.517.0- 20.08.0-
19、10.016.0- 18.015.0-16.512.5- 14.5B2.0-3.5Fe3.003.503.503.503.503.503.003.004.0-6.0balance2.03.05.04.5-7.51.502.0-6.011.02.0Ni95.00 minbalancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalance38.0-44.0balancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalancebalanceCr.1.01.01.0019.5-23.515.0-17.517.0- 20.020.0
20、-23.015.5- 17.522.0-24.020.0- 22.514.0-17.011.0-14.0Cb(Nb).B1.0-3.0B0.50.5.0.60-1.20BB3.15-4.50BBBB.W.B1.0BB3.75- 5.25B2.5-3.5B.V.BB0.20-0.60BBBB0.20- 0.40B0.35B.Bi.3.0-5.0Sn.3.0-5.0AOrderM35-1orM30Cwhenweldabilityisrequired.BElementtobeanalyzedandreportedforinformationonly.A494/A494M 14a25.2 The pu
21、rchaser shall specify any of the following infor-mation required to describe adequately the desired material:5.2.1 Heat-treat condition (see 6.1 and 6.2),5.2.2 Repair welding (see Section 11)5.2.3 Source inspection requirements, if any (see Specifica-tion A781/A781M),5.2.4 Marking-for-identification
22、 requirements, if any (see13.1), and5.2.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including thestandards of acceptance.6. Heat Treatment6.1 Castings shall be heat treated in accordance with therequirements in Table 2.NOTE 1Proper heat treatment of these alloys is usually necessary toenhance corrosion re
23、sistance and, in some cases, to meet mechanicalproperties. Minimum heat-treat temperatures are specified; however, it issometimes necessary to heat treat at higher temperatures, hold for someminimum time at temperature, and then rapidly cool the castings in orderto enhance the corrosion resistance a
24、nd meet mechanical properties.6.2 When Class 1 is specified, grades CY40 and M25S shallbe supplied in the as-cast condition. When Class 2 is specified,grades CY40 and M25S shall be supplied in the solution-treated condition. When Class 3 is specified, grade M25S shallbe supplied in the age-hardened
25、condition.7. Chemical Composition7.1 These alloys shall conform to the chemical compositionrequirements prescribed in Table 1.7.2 The grades that pertain to this specification are placedinto the five general categories given below. The producer shallreport for information all elements in Table 1 for
26、 which a limitis given for any alloy in the same alloy family. The alloyfamilies are:(1) Nickel CZ100(2) Nickel-copper M35-1, M35-2, M30C, M30H, M25S(3) Nickel-molybdenum N12MV, N7M, N3M(4) Nickel-chromium CY40, CW6M, CW2M, CW6MC,CX2MW, CU5MCuC, CX2M(5) Other CY5SnBiM7.3 An analysis of each master h
27、eat shall be made by themanufacturer to determine the percentages of the elementsspecified in Table 1. The analysis shall be made from arepresentative sample taken during the pouring of the masterheat. Chemical composition shall be reported to the purchaseror his representative.7.4 Test Methods E76
28、or Test Methods E354 shall be usedfor referee purposes. Test Methods E30 or Methods E38 shallbe used if Test Methods E76 or Test Methods E354 do notinclude a method for some element present in the material.8. Tensile Properties8.1 One tension test shall be made from each master heatexcept for grades
29、 M25S and CY5SnBiM when the master heatis used to pour the castings. One tension test shall be madefrom each melt except for grades M25S and CY5SnBiM. Testresults shall conform to the tensile requirements specified inTable 3. Test bars shall be poured in special blocks from thesame heat as the casti
30、ngs represented.8.2 The bar from which the test specimen is taken shall beheat treated in production furnaces to the same procedure as thecastings it represents. If the castings are not heat treated, thebar used for the test specimen must not be heat treated.8.3 Test specimens may be cut from castin
31、gs, at the produc-ers option, instead of from test bars.8.4 When castings are produced by methods other thaninvestment process, tension test coupons shall be machined toTABLE 2 Heat Treat RequirementsGrade Heat TreatmentCZ100, M35-1, M35-2, CY40 Class 1, M30H, M30C,M25S Class 1, CY5SnBiMAs castM25S,
32、 Class 2ALoad into furnace at 600F 315C maximum. Heat to 1600F 870C and holdfor 1 h plus an additional 30 min for each12 in. 13 mm of cross section over 1in.BCool to 1300F 705CCand hold at temperature for 30 min then quench inoil to room temperature.M25S, Class 3 Load into furnace at 600F 315C maxim
33、um. Heat slowly to 1100F 605C andhold to develop maximum hardness. Furnace or air cool to room temperature.N12MV, N7M, N3M Heat to 2000F 1095C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CW12MW, CW6M, CW6MC, CW2M Heat to 2150F 1175C
34、minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CY40, Class 2 Heat to 1900F 1040C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CX2MW Heat to 2200F 1205C minimum, hold for
35、sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid air cool by other means.CU5MCuC Heat to 2100F 1150C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water. Stabilize at 1725-1815F 940-990C, hold forsufficient time to heat castings to temperature, q
36、uench in water or rapid cool byother means.CX2M Heat to 2100F 1150C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid air cool by other means.AM25S, while machinable in the “as-cast” condition, is capable of being solution treated for improved machinability.
37、It may be subsequently age hardened to the hardnessspecified in Table 3 and finished machined or ground.BFor cross sections over 6 in. 125 mm, it may be necessary to increase the hold time if maximum softness is desired.CFor maximum softness and the least variation in hardness levels, castings shoul
38、d be transferred from an oven at 1600F 870C to a second oven at 1300F 705C.A494/A494M 14a3the form and dimension shown in Fig. 8 of, and tested inaccordance with, Test Methods E8.8.4.1 When castings are produced by the investmentprocess, test specimens in accordance with Specification A732/A732M sha
39、ll be used for measurement of tensile properties.8.5 If any specimen shows defective machining or developsflaws, it may be discarded and another substituted from thesame heats.8.6 To determine conformance with the tension testrequirements, an observed value or calculated value shall berounded in acc
40、ordance with the “Rounding Method” of Prac-tice E29 to the nearest 0.5 ksi 5 MPa for yield and tensilestrength and to the nearest 1 % for elongation and reduction ofarea. In the special case of rounding the number “5” when noadditional numbers other than “0” follow the “5,” roundingshall be done in
41、the direction of the specification limits iffollowing Practice E29 would cause rejection of material.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 Critical surfaces of all castings intended for corrosion-resistant service shall be cleaned. Cleaning may be accom-plished by blasting with clean sand or met
42、allic corrosion-resistant shot or by other approved methods.10. Quality10.1 The castings shall not be peened, plugged, or impreg-nated to stop leaks.10.2 Internal chills and chaplets may be used in the manu-facture of castings. However, the chills, chaplets and affectedcast material must be complete
43、ly removed.11. Repair by Welding11.1 Repairs shall be made by using a welding procedureand operators capable of producing sound welds. The compo-sition of deposited weld metal shall be similar to that of thecastings.11.2 Weld repairs shall be considered major in the case of acasting that has leaked
44、on hydrostatic test or when the depth ofthe cavity after preparation for repair exceeds 20 % of theactual wall thickness, or 1 in. 25 mm, whichever is smaller,or when the extent of the cavity exceeds approximately 10 in.265 cm2. All other weld repairs shall be considered minor.Major and minor weld r
45、epairs shall be subject to the samequality standards as are used to inspect the castings.11.3 Castings of M30H, M25S, and CY5SnBiM may not beweld repaired.11.4 Grades N12MV, N7M, N3M, CW12MW, CW6M,CW2M, CX2MW, CX2M, CW6MC, and CU5MCuC mayrequire post-weld heat treatment after major weld repairs. Ifp
46、ost-weld heat treatment is required, it must be specified alongwith the grade. If required, it shall be performed in accordancewith Section 6.11.5 For grade CU5MCuC, the composition of the depos-ited weld metal shall be similar to that of AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo3 or AWS A5.11 E NiCrMo3.12. Rejection and
47、Rehearing12.1 Samples that represent rejected material shall be pre-served for two weeks from the date of transmission of therejection report. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of thetests, the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing withinthat time.13. Product Marking13.1 Castings sha
48、ll be marked for the material identificationwith the ASTM specification designation (A494/A494M) andgrade symbol, that is, CY40. The manufacturers name oridentification mark and the pattern number shall be cast orstamped on all castings except those of such small size as tomake such marking impracti
49、cal. To minimize small defectscaused by dislodged particles of molding sand, the number ofcast identification marks shall be minimized. The marking ofheat numbers on individual castings shall be agreed upon bythe manufacturer and the purchaser. Markings shall be in suchposition as not to injure the usefulness of the casting.13.1.1 When the castings are too small to mark individually,a symbol traceable to the heat sh
