1、Designation: A 508/A 508M 05bStandard Specification forQuenched and Tempered Vacuum-Treated Carbon and AlloySteel Forgings for Pressure Vessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 508/A 508M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*
3、1.1 This specification2covers quenched and temperedvacuum-treated carbon and alloy steel forgings for pressurevessels such as those used in reactor systems. Specifically, itcovers forgings for vessel closures, shells, flanges, tube sheets,rings, heads, and similar parts.1.2 All grades are considered
4、 weldable under proper condi-tions. Welding technique is of fundamental importance, and itis presupposed that welding procedure and inspection will be inaccordance with approved methods for the grade of materialused.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separ
5、ately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-tion design
6、ation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.NOTE 1Grades 1 and 1A are composed of different chemistries buthave the same mechanical requirements.NOTE 2Designations have been changed as follows:Current FormerlyGrade 1 Class 1Grade 1A Class 1AGrade 2 Class 1 Class 2Grade 2 Class 2 C
7、lass 2AGrade 3 Class 1 Class 3Grade 3 Class 2 Class 3AGrade 4N Class 1 Class 4Grade 4N Class 2 Class 4AGrade 4N Class 3 Class 4BGrade 5 Class 1 Class 5Grade 5 Class 2 Class 5AGrade 22 Class 3 Class 22BGrade 22 Classes 4, 5, 6, and7Grade 3V Class 3V1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of
8、 thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 275/A 275M Test Method
9、 for Magnetic Particle Exami-nation of Steel ForgingsA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination ofHeavy Steel ForgingsA 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, GeneralRequirementsA 966/A 966M Test Method for Magneti
10、c Particle Exami-nation of Steel Forgings Using Alternating CurrentE 208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test toDetermine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of FerriticSteelsE 428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Steel Refer-ence Blocks Used in Ultrasonic Examination2.2 American Soci
11、ety of Mechanical Engineers Standard:Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodeSection III, ArticlesNB 2300, NC 2300, ND 2300, NE 2300, NF 2300, NG230043. Ordering Information3.1 Purchase OrderIn addition to the ordering informa-tion required by Specification A 788/A 788M, the purchasershall include with the i
12、nquiry and order a detailed drawing that1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published October 2005.
13、 Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A 508/A 508M 05a.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-508/SA-508M in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cus
14、tomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,New York, NY 10017.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of thi
15、s standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.locates the areas of significant loading in the forging (whenrequired), the method of selecting test locations (see 6.1.5 and6.1.6), and purchase options (see 4.2.2, 6.2, and
16、10.1) and anysupplementary requirements desired.3.2 Forging DrawingEach forging shall be manufacturedin accordance with a purchaser-approved drawing showing theprequenched dimensions, the finished dimensions, the surfacesthat will be subjected to significant loading, and the locationsof mechanical t
17、est specimens.3.3 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M, which out-lines additional ordering information, manufacturing require-ments, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking,certification, product analysis variations, an
18、d additional supple-mentary requirements.3.3.1 When specified by the purchaser, it is permissible toperform Magnetic particle examination using the AC yoke inaccordance with Test Method A 966/A 966M instead of usingTest Method A 275/A 275M (see 8.2.1).3.4 The optional minimum silicon content as expr
19、essed inFootnote B to Table 1, if required.3.5 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M, therequirements of this specification shall prevail.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Melting Process:4.1.1 The steel shall be made by the basic
20、electric-furnaceprocess except when secondary ladle refining or the remeltingprocess is employed, in which case the melting processes ofSpecification A 788/A 788M are permitted.4.1.2 The molten steel shall be vacuum treated in accor-dance with the methods described in Specification A 788/A 788M, pri
21、or to or during the pouring of the ingot, in order toremove objectionable gases, particularly hydrogen.Grade 22 Classes 4, 5, 6, and 7 liquid steel shall be producedto a fine grain melting practice which has been shown to resultin a prior austenitic grain size of five or finer.4.1.3 DiscardSufficien
22、t discard shall be made from eachingot to secure freedom from piping and excessive segregation.4.2 Heat Treatment:4.2.1 Preliminary Heat TreatmentAfter forging and be-fore reheating, the forgings shall be cooled to provide substan-tially complete transformation of austenite. Preliminary heattreatmen
23、t may be applied to improve machinability and toenhance subsequent heat treatments.4.2.2 Heat Treatment for Mechanical PropertiesThe forg-ings shall be heated to a temperature which produces anaustenitic structure and then quenched in a suitable liquidmedium by spraying or immersion. For Grade 4N, C
24、lasses 1and 3, the austenitizing temperature shall be 1540F 840Cmin to 1640F 895C max. Quenching shall be followed bytempering at a subcritical temperature and holding at thistemperature for a minimum time of one-half hour per inch ofmaximum section thickness. Except when Supplementary Re-quirement
25、S 13 is specified for Grades 2 and 3, the minimumtempering temperatures shall be as follows:Grades 1, 1A, 2 Class 2, and 3 Class 2 1150F 620CGrades 2 Class 1 and 3 Class 1 1200F 650CGrades 4N Classes 1 and 2, and 5Classes 1 and 21100F 595CGrade 4N Class 3 1125F 605CGrades 3V and 3VCb 1250F 675CGrade
26、 22, Class 3 1200F 650CGrade 22, Classes 4, 5, 6, and 7 1100F 593CSpecific cooling rates from the tempering temperature shallbe applied if Supplementary Requirement S14 is specified.4.3 For Grades 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 3, or 3A, a multiple stageaustenitizing procedure may be used whereby the forging isfirst
27、 fully austenitized and liquid quenched, followed byreheating within the intercritical temperature range to partiallyreaustenitize and again liquid quenched. On completion of theaustenitizing/quenching cycles, the forgings shall be temperedat a subcritical temperature as described in 4.2.2.5. Chemic
28、al Composition5.1 Heat AnalysisThe heat analysis obtained from sam-pling in accordance with Specification A 788/A 788M shallcomply with Table 1 except that the additional features ofSupplementary Requirements S7, S8, S9, and S11 shall alsoapply as individually specified in the ordering information.T
29、ABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsComposition, %Grade 1 Grade 1A Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4N Grade 5 Grade 22AGrade 3V Grade 3VCb Grade 6Carbon 0.35 max 0.30 max 0.27 max 0.25 max 0.23 max 0.23 max 0.110.15 0.100.15 0.100.15 0.280.33Manganese 0.401.05 0.701.35 0.501.00 1.201.50 0.200.40 0.200.40 0.300.60 0.3
30、00.60 0.300.60 0.751.15Phosphorus 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.020 max 0.020 max 0.025 maxSulfur 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.020 max 0.010 max 0.025 maxSiliconB0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.30 max
31、 0.35 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.35 maxNickel 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.501.00 0.401.00 2.83.9 2.83.9 0.25 max . . . 0.25 max 0.750.95Chromium 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.250.45 0.25 max 1.502.00 1.502.00 2.002.50 2.83.3 2.73.3 0.701.00Molybdenum 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.550.70 0.450.60 0.400.60 0.400.60 0.901.10 max 0.9
32、01.10 0.901.10 0.300.45Vanadium 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.03 max 0.08 max 0.02 max 0.200.30 0.200.30 0.05 maxColumbium 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.01 max 0.0150.070 0.01 maxCopper 0.20 max 0.20 max 0.20 max 0.20 max 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 max
33、 0.25 max 0.25 maxCalcium 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.00050.0150 0.015 maxBoron 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.003 max 0.0010.003 0.003 max 0.003 maxTitanium 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 m
34、ax 0.015 max 0.0150.035 0.015 max 0.015 maxAluminumC0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.025 maxAFor Grade 22 Classes 5, 6, and 7 with section thickness at heat treat of 8 in. or greater, the carbon and manganese shall be held to 0.13 to 0.15 an
35、d 0.50 to 0.60,respectively.BWhen required by the purchaser a minimum silicon content of 0.15 % shall apply for Grades 1, 1A, 2, 3, and 4N.CAluminum content reported shall be the combined total soluble and insoluble aluminum.A 508/A 508M 05b25.2 Product AnalysisThe manufacturer shall use the prod-uc
36、t analysis provision of SpecificationA 788/A 788M to obtaina product analysis from a forging representing each heat ormultiple heat. The permissible variations provided in the tableon Permissible Variations in Product Analysis for Killed Steelin Specification A 788/A 788M apply for manganese, nickel
37、,chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium only. Boron is notsubject to product analysis. The purchaser may also make thisdetermination in accordance with Specification A 788/A 788M.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Tension Test:6.1.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements of Table 2.6.1.2 The location and
38、number of tension test specimens foreach forging or multiple forging shall be as follows:6.1.2.1 Multiple Forgings Separated into Identical Indi-vidual Forgings with Rough Machined Weights not Exceeding1000 lb 455 kg Prior to Quenching and TemperingTreatmentAt least one individual forging from each
39、multipleforging in each heat-treating lot shall be tested using the testspecimen locations of 6.1.5 or 6.1.6 as specified on thepurchase orders, except that test specimens located atmidlength may be closer to the ends of the production forgingthan the specified distance to the second surfaces. All f
40、orgingsshall be quenched and tempered in the same furnace charge.Allforgings from the multiple shall be Brinell hardness tested afterheat treatment and forgings not tested for mechanical proper-ties shall have a Brinell Hardness within 20 points of theBrinell Hardness of the forging that has been te
41、sted formechanical properties.6.1.2.2 Forgings or Multiple Forgings (Note 3) with RoughMachined Weights Less than 10 000 lb 4540 kg and Havinga Heat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Prolongation) of 80in. 2032 mm or LessA test prolongation (Note 4) shall belocated at one end. One tension test speci
42、men shall be takenfrom the test prolongation.6.1.2.3 Forgings or Multiple Forgings with Rough Ma-chined Weights Less than 10 000 lb 4540 kg and Having aHeat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Prolongations) Exceed-ing 80 in. 2032 mmA test prolongation shall be located ateach end. One tension test spe
43、cimen shall be taken from eachtest prolongation. An orientation of 180 shall be establishedbetween the two tension test specimens.6.1.2.4 Forgings or Multiple Forgings with Rough Ma-chined Weights Over 10 000 lb 4540 kg and Having aHeat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Prolongation) of 80 in.2032 m
44、m or LessAtest prolongation shall be located at oneend. Two tension test specimens shall be taken from the testprolongation and shall be oriented 180 apart.6.1.2.5 Forgings or Multiple Forgings with Rough Ma-chined Weights Over 10 000 lb 4540 kg and Having aHeat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Pro
45、longations) Exceed-ing 80 in. 2032 mmA test prolongation shall be located ateach end. The tension test specimens oriented 180 apart fromeach other shall be taken from each test prolongation. The twotension specimens located in one test prolongation shall beoriented 90 in relation to the two tension
46、specimens located inthe other test prolongation.NOTE 3Multiple forgings in 6.1.2.2 through 6.1.2.5 are those whichwill be separated after the quench and temper treatment.NOTE 4A test prolongation is defined as that integral test metallocated at an end of the forging or forging multiples.6.1.3 Sample
47、s for mechanical test specimen shall be re-moved from forgings after the quenching and tempering heattreatment. The sample material shall be subjected to a simu-lated post weld heat treatment if Supplementary RequirementS1 is specified.6.1.4 For upset disk forgings, the longitudinal axis of thetest
48、specimens shall be in the tangential direction. For all otherparts, the longitudinal axis of the specimens shall be parallel tothe direction of major working of the forging.6.1.5 Each forging shall be manufactured in accordancewith a purchaser-approved drawing, showing the prequencheddimensions, the
49、 finished dimensions, the surfaces that will besubjected to critical stresses, and the location of mechanicaltest specimens.6.1.6 The tension test specimens shall be positioned so thatthe longitudinal axis and mid-length is in accordance with oneof the following methods:6.1.6.1 Method 1t by 2t, where t is the distance from thearea of significant loading (see 3.1) to the nearest quenchedsurface. However, they shall not be nearer to one quenchedsurface than34 in. 20 mm
