1、Designation: A 511/A 511M 08Standard Specification forSeamless Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 511/A 511M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers seamless stainles
3、s tubing foruse in mechanical applications where corrosion-resistant orhigh-temperature strength is needed. The grades covered arelisted in Table 1 and Table 2.1.2 This specification covers seamless cold-finished me-chanical tubing and seamless hot-finished mechanical tubing insizes up to 1234 in. 3
4、25 mm in outside nominal diameter (forround tubing) with wall thicknesses as required.1.3 Tubes shall be furnished in one of the following shapes,as specified by the purchaser: round, square, rectangular, orspecial.1.4 Optional supplementary requirements are provided andwhen desired, shall be stated
5、 in the order.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown insquare brackets. The values stated in each system are not exactequivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independentlyof the other.2. Referenced Documents2.1 A
6、STM Standards:2A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 1016/A 1016M Specification for General Requirementsfor Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stain-less Steel TubesE59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determinationof Chemical Composition3
7、2.2 Military Standards:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage4MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products Preparation for Ship-ment and Storage42.3 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipments (Civil Agencies)43. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclud
8、e the following as required to describe the desiredmaterial adequately:3.1.1 Quantity (feet, mass, or number of pieces),3.1.2 Name of material (seamless stainless steel mechanicaltubing),3.1.3 Form (round, square, rectangular, special, see Section1),3.1.4 Dimensions (round, outside diameter and wall
9、 thick-ness, see Section 9; square and rectangular, outside dimensionsand wall thickness, see Section 10; other, specify),3.1.5 Length (specific or random, see 9.3),3.1.6 Manufacture (cold- or hot-finished, see 4.5),3.1.7 Grade (Section 6),3.1.8 Condition (annealed, as cold worked, or with specialhe
10、at treatment, controlled microstructural characteristics, orother condition as required, see Section 5),3.1.9 Surface finish (special pickling, shot blasting, orpolishing, as required, see Supplementary Requirement S5),3.1.10 Specification designation,3.1.11 Report of Chemical Analysis, if required
11、(Sections 7and 8),3.1.12 Individual supplementary requirements, if required,3.1.13 End use,3.1.14 Packaging,3.1.15 Special marking (see 15.2),3.1.16 Special packing (see 16.2), and3.1.17 Special requirements.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel may be made by any process.1This specification is
12、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous editi
13、on approved in 2007 as A 511/A 511M 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available
14、from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States
15、.4.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser,it shall be as stated on the purchase order.4.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-sing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting,such as electroslag remelting or vacuum-arc remelting. Ifsecondary melting is e
16、mployed, the heat shall be defined as allof the ingots remelted from a single primary heat.4.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. Whensteel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identifica-tion of the resultant transition material is required. Theproducer shall remove the
17、transition material by an establishedprocedure that positively separates the grades.4.5 The tubes shall be made by a seamless process and byeither cold working or hot working as specified. Seamless steeltubing is a tubular product made without a welded seam. It isusually manufactured by hot working
18、steel and then coldfinishing the hot-worked tubing to produce the desired shape,dimensions, and properties.5. Condition5.1 Round seamless stainless mechanical tubing is generallysupplied in the cold-worked and annealed condition (see 5.2through 5.4). Square, rectangular, or other shapes of tubing ar
19、egenerally supplied annealed prior to final cold shaping. If someother condition is desired, details shall be included in the order.5.2 The thermal treatment for ferritic and martensitic steelsshall be performed by a method and at a temperature selectedby the manufacturer unless otherwise specified
20、by the pur-chaser.5.3 Unless otherwise specified, all austenitic tubes shall befurnished in the annealed condition. The anneal shall consist ofheating the material to a minimum temperature of 1900 FTABLE 1 Chemical Requirements of Austenitic Stainless SteelsGradeComposition, %CarbonManga-nese, maxPh
21、os-pho-rus,maxSul-fur,maxSilicon,maxNickel Chromium MolybdenumTitaniumColumbiumplusTantalumSeleniumMT 302 0.08 to 0.20 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 8.010.0 17.019.0 . . . .MT 303 0.15 max 2.00 0.20 0.15 min 1.00 8.010.0 17.019.0 . . . .MT 303Se 0.15 max 2.00 0.040 0.040 1.00 8.011.0 17.019.0 . . . 0.120.2M
22、T 304 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 8.011.0 18.020.0 . . . .MT 304L 0.035 maxA2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 8.013.0 18.020.0 . . . .MT 305 0.12 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 10.013.0 17.019.0 . . . .MT 309S 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 12.015.0 22.024.0 . . . .MT 310S 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 19.022.0 24.0
23、26.0 . . . .MT 316 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.014.0 16.018.0 2.03.0 . . .MT 316L 0.035 maxA2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 10.015.0 16.018.0 2.03.0 . . .MT 317 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.014.0 18.020.0 3.04.0 . . .MT 321 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 9.013.0 17.020.0 .B. .MT 347 0.08 max 2.00 0
24、.040 0.030 1.00 9.013.0 17.020.0 . .C.AFor small diameter or thin wall tubing or both, where many drawing passes are required, a maximum of 0.040 % carbon is necessary in grades MT-304L and MT-316L.Small outside diameter tubes are defined as those under a 0.500 in. 12.7 mm outside diameter and light
25、-wall tubes as those under a 0.049 in. 1.2 mm average wallthickness (0.044 in. 1.1 mm min wall thickness).BThe titanium content shall be not less than five times the carbon content and not more than 0.60 %.CThe columbium plus tantalum content shall be not less than ten times the carbon content and n
26、ot more than 1.00 %.TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements of Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless SteelsGradeComposition, %Carbon, maxManga-nese,maxPhos-phorus,maxSulfur,maxSilicon,maxNickel ChromiumMolyb-denumAluminum Copper NitrogenSeleniumMartensiticMT 403 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 0.50 0.50 max 11.513.0 0.60
27、maxMT 410 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 11.513.5 . . . . .MT 414 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 1.252.50 11.513.5 . . . . .MT 416Se 0.15 1.25 0.060 0.060 1.00 0.50 max 12.014.0 . . . . 0.120.20MT 431 0.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 1.252.50 15.017.0 . . . . .MT 440A 0.60 to 0.75 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 .
28、 16.018.0 0.75 max . . . .FerriticMT 405 0.08 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 11.514.5 . 0.100.30 . . .MT 429 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 14.016.0 . . . . .MT 430 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 16.018.0 . . . . .MT 443 0.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 18.023.0 . . 0.901.25 . .MT 4461
29、0.20 1.50 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 23.030.0 . . . 0.25 max .MT 4462A0.12 1.50 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 23.030.0 . . . 0.25 max .29-4 0.010 0.30 0.025 0.020 0.20 0.15 max 28.030.0 3.54.2 . 0.15 max 0.020 max .29-4-2 0.010 0.30 0.025 0.020 0.20 2.02.5 28.030.0 3.54.2 . 0.15 max 0.020 maxB.AMT446-2 i
30、s a lower carbon version of MT446-1, that has a lower tensile strength but improved ductility and toughness.BCarbon plus nitrogen = 0.025 max %.A 511/A 511M 0821040 C and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by othermeans.Alternatively, immediately following hot forming whilethe temperature of the
31、tubes is not less than the specifiedminimum solution treatment temperature, tubes may be indi-vidually quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means.This anneal shall precede final cold work, when cold-workedtempers are required.5.4 If any controlled microstructural characteristics arerequired,
32、 these shall be specified so as to be a guide to the mostsuitable heat treatment.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2. Othergrades are available.7. Heat Analysis7.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be
33、 made by thesteel manufacturer to determine the percentages of the ele-ments specified. If secondary melting processes are employed,the heat analysis shall be obtained from one remelted ingot orthe product of one remelted ingot of each primary melt. Thechemical composition thus determined, or that d
34、eterminedfrom a product analysis made by the tubular product manufac-turer, shall be reported to the purchaser or the purchasersrepresentative and shall conform to the requirements specified.When requested in the order or contract, a report of thisanalysis shall be furnished to the purchaser.8. Prod
35、uct Analysis8.1 An analysis of either one billet or one tube shall be madefor each heat of steel. Samples for chemical analysis, exceptspectrochemical analysis, shall be taken in accordance withMethod E59. The chemical composition thus determined shallconform to the requirements specified in Section
36、 6.8.2 If the original test for product analysis fails, retests oftwo additional billets or tubes shall be made. Both retests, forthe elements in question, shall meet the requirements of thespecification, otherwise all remaining material in the heat or lotshall be rejected or, at the option of the p
37、roducer, each billet ortube may be individually tested for acceptance. Billets or tubeswhich do not meet the requirements of this specification shallbe rejected.9. Permissible Variations in Dimensions of Round Tubing9.1 Diameter and Wall Thickness (Cold Finished)Variations in outside diameter and wa
38、ll thickness shall notexceed the amounts prescribed in Table 3.9.2 Diameter and Wall Thickness (Hot Finished)Variations in outside diameter and wall thickness shall notexceed the amounts prescribed in Table 4.9.3 Lengths (Cold Finished or Hot Finished)Mechanicaltubing is commonly furnished in mill l
39、engths 5 ft 1.5 m andover. When random lengths are ordered, tube lengths may varyby an amount up to 7 ft 2.1 m. Definite cut lengths arefurnished, when specified, to the length tolerances shown inTable 3 or Table 4. For tubing ordered in multiple lengths, it iscommon practice to allow a definite amo
40、unt over for eachmultiple for the purchasers cutting operations. This amountdepends on the type of purchasers cutting and varies withdiffering wall thickness. The cutting allowance should bespecified on the purchase order. When it is not specified, tubingis customarily supplied with the following al
41、lowance for eachmultiple:Excess LengthWall Thickness, per Multiple,in. mm in. mmUp to18 3.218 3Over18 to12 3.2 to 12.7316 5Over12 12.714 69.4 Straightness Tolerances (Cold Finished or HotFinished)The deviation from straightness shall not exceedthe amounts shown in Table 5 when measured with a 3-ft 1
42、-mstraightedge and feeler gage. If determined by the dial indicatormethod, the values obtained will be approximately twice thosedetermined by the straightedge feeler gage method.10. Permissible Variations in Dimensions of Square andRectangular Tubing10.1 Square and rectangular seamless stainless mec
43、hanicaltubing is supplied as cold worked unless otherwise specified.For this tubing, variations in dimensions from those specifiedshall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 6, Table 7,Table 8, and Table 9.10.2 The squareness of sides is commonly determined byone of the following methods.10.2.1
44、 A square, with two adjustable contact points on eacharm, is placed on two sides. A fixed feeler gage is then used tomeasure the maximum distance between the free contact pointand the surface of the tubing.10.2.2 Asquare, equipped with a direct reading vernier, maybe used to determine the angular de
45、viation which, in turn, maybe related to distance in inches.10.3 The squareness of sides varies in accordance with thefollowing equation:6 b = c 3 0.006where:b = tolerance for out-of-square, andc = length of longest side.Example: Rectangular tubes 2 by 1 may have sides fail to be90 to each other by
46、6 0.012 in. 0.3 mm.10.4 The twist in square and rectangular tubing may bemeasured by holding one end of the tubing on a surface plateand noting the height above the surface plate of either corner ofthe opposite end of the same side. Twist may also be measuredby the use of a beveled protractor, equip
47、ped with a level, andnoting the angular deviation on opposite ends, or at any pointthroughout the length.11. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance11.1 Finished tubes shall have smooth ends free of burrs.They shall be free of injurious defects and shall have aworkmanlike finish. Surface imperfections s
48、uch as handlingmarks, straightening marks, light mandrel and die marks,shallow pits and scale pattern, will not be considered asinjurious defects, provided the imperfections are removablewithin the wall tolerance unless a machining allowance hasA 511/A 511M 083TABLE3PermissibleVariationsinOutsideDia
49、meter,Ovality,WallThickness,andCut-LengthVariations(Cold-FinishedRoundTubing)AOutside NominalDiameter,in.mmPrevailingRangeofCommerciallyAvailableMetricSizes,mmOutsideDiameter,Tolerance,Bin.mmOverandUnderOvality,BDoubleOutsideDiameterTolerance whenwallis:WallThicknessin%C,DPermissibleVariationsinCutLength,in.mmEOverUnderOverUnderUnder1213Under12.70.0050.1lessthan0.015in.0.4mm151518301213to11238,excl12.7to38.1,excl0.0050.1lessthan0.065in.1.6mm10101830
