1、Designation: A511/A511M 11Standard Specification forSeamless Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A511/A511M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers seamless stainless tub
3、ing foruse in mechanical applications where corrosion-resistant orhigh-temperature strength is needed. The grades covered arelisted in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3.1.2 This specification covers seamless cold-finished me-chanical tubing and seamless hot-finished mechanical tubing insizes up to 1234
4、in. 325 mm in outside nominal diameter (forround tubing) with wall thicknesses as required.1.3 Tubes shall be furnished in one of the following shapes,as specified by the purchaser: round, square, rectangular, orspecial.1.4 Optional supplementary requirements are provided andwhen desired, shall be s
5、tated in the order.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown insquare brackets. The values stated in each system are not exactequivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independentlyof the other.2. Referenced Documents
6、2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA1016/A1016M Specification for General Requirementsfor Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stain-less Steel TubesE59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determinationof Chemical Compositio
7、n32.2 Military Standards:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage4MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products Preparation for Ship-ment and Storage42.3 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipments (Civil Agencies)43. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldincl
8、ude the following as required to describe the desiredmaterial adequately:3.1.1 Quantity (feet, mass, or number of pieces),3.1.2 Name of material (seamless stainless steel mechanicaltubing),3.1.3 Form (round, square, rectangular, special, see Section1),3.1.4 Dimensions (round, outside diameter and wa
9、ll thick-ness, see Section 9; square and rectangular, outside dimensionsand wall thickness, see Section 10; other, specify),3.1.5 Length (specific or random, see 9.3),3.1.6 Manufacture (cold- or hot-finished, see 4.5),3.1.7 Grade (Section 6),3.1.8 Condition (annealed, as cold worked, or with special
10、heat treatment, controlled microstructural characteristics, orother condition as required, see Section 5),3.1.9 Surface finish (special pickling, shot blasting, orpolishing, as required, see Supplementary Requirement S5),3.1.10 Specification designation,3.1.11 Report of Chemical Analysis, if require
11、d (Sections 7and 8),3.1.12 Individual supplementary requirements, if required,3.1.13 End use,3.1.14 Packaging,3.1.15 Special marking (see 15.2),3.1.16 Special packing (see 16.2), and3.1.17 Special requirements.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel may be made by any process.1This specification i
12、s under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous ed
13、ition approved in 2008 as A511/A511M08.DOI: 10.1520/A0511_A0511M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM w
14、ebsite.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
15、Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser,it shall be as stated on the purchase order.4.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-sing or refining and may
16、 be followed by secondary melting,such as electroslag remelting or vacuum-arc remelting. Ifsecondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as allof the ingots remelted from a single primary heat.4.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. Whensteel of different grades is sequenti
17、ally strand cast, identifica-tion of the resultant transition material is required. Theproducer shall remove the transition material by an establishedprocedure that positively separates the grades.4.5 The tubes shall be made by a seamless process and byeither cold working or hot working as specified
18、. Seamless steeltubing is a tubular product made without a welded seam. It isusually manufactured by hot working steel and then coldfinishing the hot-worked tubing to produce the desired shape,dimensions, and properties.5. Condition5.1 Round seamless stainless mechanical tubing is generallysupplied
19、in the cold-worked and annealed condition (see 5.2through 5.5). Square, rectangular, or other shapes of tubing aregenerally supplied annealed prior to final cold shaping. If someother condition is desired, details shall be included in the order.5.2 The thermal treatment for ferritic and martensitic
20、steelsshall be performed by a method and at a temperature selectedby the manufacturer unless otherwise specified by the pur-chaser.5.3 Unless otherwise specified, all austenitic tubes shall befurnished in the annealed condition. The anneal shall consist ofheating the material to a minimum temperatur
21、e of 1900 FTABLE 1 Chemical Requirements of Austenitic Stainless SteelsGradeComposition, %CarbonManga-nese, maxPhos-pho-rus,maxSul-fur,maxSilicon,maxNickel Chromium MolybdenumTitaniumColumbiumplusTantalumSeleniumMT 302 0.08 to 0.20 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 8.010.0 17.019.0 . . . .MT 303 0.15 max 2.00 0
22、.20 0.15 min 1.00 8.010.0 17.019.0 . . . .MT 303Se 0.15 max 2.00 0.040 0.040 1.00 8.011.0 17.019.0 . . . 0.120.2MT 304 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 8.011.0 18.020.0 . . . .MT 304L 0.035 maxA2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 8.013.0 18.020.0 . . . .MT 305 0.12 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 10.013.0 17.019.0 . . . .MT
23、309S 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 12.015.0 22.024.0 . . . .MT 310S 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 19.022.0 24.026.0 . . . .MT 316 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.014.0 16.018.0 2.03.0 . . .MT 316L 0.035 maxA2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 10.015.0 16.018.0 2.03.0 . . .MT 317 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00
24、 11.014.0 18.020.0 3.04.0 . . .MT 321 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 9.013.0 17.020.0 .B. .MT 347 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 9.013.0 17.020.0 . .C.AFor small diameter or thin wall tubing or both, where many drawing passes are required, a maximum of 0.040 % carbon is necessary in grades MT-304L a
25、nd MT-316L.Small outside diameter tubes are defined as those under a 0.500 in. 12.7 mm outside diameter and light-wall tubes as those under a 0.049 in. 1.2 mm average wallthickness (0.044 in. 1.1 mm min wall thickness).BThe titanium content shall be not less than five times the carbon content and no
26、t more than 0.60 %.CThe columbium plus tantalum content shall be not less than ten times the carbon content and not more than 1.00 %.TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements of Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless SteelsGradeComposition, %Carbon, maxManga-nese,maxPhos-phorus,maxSulfur,maxSilicon,maxNickel Chromi
27、umMolyb-denumAluminum Copper NitrogenSeleniumMartensiticMT 403 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 0.50 0.50 max 11.513.0 0.60 maxMT 410 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 11.513.5 . . . . .MT 414 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 1.252.50 11.513.5 . . . . .MT 416Se 0.15 1.25 0.060 0.060 1.00 0.50 max 12.014.0 . . . .
28、0.120.20MT 431 0.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 1.252.50 15.017.0 . . . . .MT 440A 0.60 to 0.75 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 . 16.018.0 0.75 max . . . .FerriticMT 405 0.08 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 11.514.5 . 0.100.30 . . .MT 429 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 14.016.0 . . . . .MT 430 0.12 1.00 0.040 0
29、.030 1.00 0.50 max 16.018.0 . . . . .MT 443 0.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 18.023.0 . . 0.901.25 . .MT 4461 0.20 1.50 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 23.030.0 . . . 0.25 max .MT 4462A0.12 1.50 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 23.030.0 . . . 0.25 max .29-4 0.010 0.30 0.025 0.020 0.20 0.15 max 28.030.0 3.54.2
30、 . 0.15 max 0.020 max .29-4-2 0.010 0.30 0.025 0.020 0.20 2.02.5 28.030.0 3.54.2 . 0.15 max 0.020 maxB.AMT446-2 is a lower carbon version of MT446-1, that has a lower tensile strength but improved ductility and toughness.BCarbon plus nitrogen = 0.025 max %.A511/A511M 1121040 C and quenching in water
31、 or rapidly cooling by othermeans.Alternatively, immediately following hot forming whilethe temperature of the tubes is not less than the specifiedminimum solution treatment temperature, tubes may be indi-vidually quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means.This anneal shall precede final col
32、d work, when cold-workedtempers are required.5.4 All austenitic-ferritic tubes shall be furnished in theannealed condition as prescribed in Table 4. Alternatively,immediately following hot forming while the temperature ofthe tubes is not less than the specified minimum solutiontreatment temperature,
33、 tubes may be individually quenched inwater or rapidly cooled by other means.5.5 If any controlled microstructural characteristics arerequired, these shall be specified so as to be a guide to the mostsuitable heat treatment.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to
34、chemical composition prescribed in Table 1, Table 2,orTable3. Other grades are available.7. Heat Analysis7.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by thesteel manufacturer to determine the percentages of the ele-ments specified. If secondary melting processes are employed,the heat analysis
35、 shall be obtained from one remelted ingot orthe product of one remelted ingot of each primary melt. Thechemical composition thus determined, or that determinedfrom a product analysis made by the tubular product manufac-turer, shall be reported to the purchaser or the purchasersrepresentative and sh
36、all conform to the requirements specified.When requested in the order or contract, a report of thisanalysis shall be furnished to the purchaser.8. Product Analysis8.1 An analysis of either one billet or one tube shall be madefor each heat of steel. Samples for chemical analysis, exceptspectrochemica
37、l analysis, shall be taken in accordance withMethod E59. The chemical composition thus determined shallconform to the requirements specified in Section 6.8.2 If the original test for product analysis fails, retests oftwo additional billets or tubes shall be made. Both retests, forthe elements in que
38、stion, shall meet the requirements of thespecification, otherwise all remaining material in the heat or lotshall be rejected or, at the option of the producer, each billet ortube may be individually tested for acceptance. Billets or tubeswhich do not meet the requirements of this specification shall
39、be rejected.9. Permissible Variations in Dimensions of Round Tubing9.1 Diameter and Wall Thickness (Cold Finished)Variations in outside diameter and wall thickness shall notexceed the amounts prescribed in Table 5.9.2 Diameter and Wall Thickness (Hot Finished)Variations in outside diameter and wall
40、thickness shall notexceed the amounts prescribed in Table 6.9.3 Lengths (Cold Finished or Hot Finished)Mechanicaltubing is commonly furnished in mill lengths 5 ft 1.5 m andover. When random lengths are ordered, tube lengths may varyby an amount up to 7 ft 2.1 m. Definite cut lengths arefurnished, wh
41、en specified, to the length tolerances shown inTABLE 3 Chemical Requirements of Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless SteelsAGrade Composition, %Carbon Manganese, max Phosphorus, max Sulfur, max Silicon, max Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Nitrogen Copper OthersS31803 0.030 2.00 0.030 0.020 1.00 4.56.5 21.023.0
42、2.53.5 0.080.20 . .S32101 0.040 4.06.0 0.040 0.030 1.00 1.351.70 21.022.0 0.100.80 0.200.25 0.100.80 .S32205 0.030 2.00 0.030 0.020 1.00 4.56.5 22.023.0 3.03.5 0.140.20 . S32304 0.030 2.50 0.040 0.040 1.00 3.05.5 21.524.5 0.050.60 0.050.20 0.050.60 .S32506 0.030 1.00 0.040 0.015 0.90 5.57.2 24.026.0
43、 3.03.5 0.080.20 . W 0.050.30S32550 0.040 1.50 0.040 0.030 1.00 4.56.5 24.027.0 2.93.9. 0.100.25 1.502.50 .S32707 0.030 1.50 0.035 0.010 0.50 5.59.5 26.029.0 4.05.0 0.300.50 1.0 Co 0.52.0S32750 0.030 1.20 0.035 0.020 0.80 6.08.0 24.026.0 3.05.0 0.240.32 0.50 .S32760B0.05 1.00 0.030 0.010 1.00 6.08.0
44、 24.026.0 3.04.0 0.200.30 0.501.00 W 0.501.00S32906 0.030 0.80-1.50 0.030 0.030 0.80 5.87.5 28.030.0 1.502.60 0.300.40 0.80 .S32950 0.030 2.00 0.035 0.010 0.60 3.55.2 26.029.0 1.002.50 0.150.35 . .AMaximum, unless a range or minimum is indicated. Where ellipses (.) appear in this table, there is no
45、minimum and analysis for the element need not be determinedor reported.B%Cr+3.3X%Mo+16X%N$ 40.TABLE 4 Heat Treatment of Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless SteelsGrade Temperature F C QuenchS31803 1870-2010 1020-1100 rapid cooling in air or waterS32101 1870 1020 min quenched in water or rapidly cooled by
46、other meansS32205 1870-2010 1020-1100 rapid cooling in air or waterS32304 1700-1920 925-1050 rapid cooling in air or waterS32506 1870-2050 1020-1120 rapid cooling in air or waterS32550 1900 1040 min rapid cooling in air or waterS32707 1975-2050 1080-1120 rapid cooling in air or waterS32750 1880-2060
47、 1025-1125 rapid cooling in air or waterS32760 1960-2085 1070-1140 rapid cooling in air or waterS32906 1870-2100 1020-1150 rapid cooling in air or waterS32950 1820-1880 990-1025 air coolA511/A511M 113TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter, Ovality, Wall Thickness, and Cut-Length Variatio
48、ns(Cold-Finished Round Tubing)AOutsideNominalDiameter,in. mmPrevailingRange ofCommerciallyAvailableMetric Sizes,mmOutsideDiameter,Tolerance,Bin. mm Overand UnderOvality,BDoubleOutsideDiameterTolerancewhenwall is:Wall Thicknessin %C,DPermissibleVariationsin CutLength, in. mmEOver Under Over UnderUnde
49、r12 13 Under 12.7 0.005 0.1 less than 0.015 in.0.4 mm15 1518 3 012 13 to 11238, excl12.7 to 38.1, excl 0.005 0.1 less than 0.065 in.1.6 mm10 1018 3 0112 38 to 31290, excl38.1 to 88.9 excl 0.010 0.3 less than 0.095 in.2.4 mm10 10316 5 0312 90 to 512140, excl88.9 to 139.7, excl 0.015 0.4 less than 0.150 in.3.8 mm10 10316 5 0512 140 to 8200, excl139.7 to 203.2, excl 0.030 0
