1、Designation: A 511 04Standard Specification forSeamless Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 511; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers seamless stainless tubing forus
3、e in mechanical applications where corrosion-resistant orhigh-temperature strength is needed. The grades covered arelisted in Table 1 and Table 2.1.2 This specification covers seamless cold-finished me-chanical tubing and seamless hot-finished mechanical tubing insizes up to 1234 in. (313.8 mm) in o
4、utside diameter (for roundtubing) with wall thicknesses as required.1.3 Tubes shall be furnished in one of the following shapes,as specified by the purchaser: round, square, rectangular, orspecial.1.4 Optional supplementary requirements are provided andwhen desired, shall be stated in the order.1.5
5、The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 1016/A 1016M Specification for General Requirementsfor Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stai
6、n-less Steel TubesE 59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determinationof Chemical Composition2.2 Military Standards:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage3MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products Preparation for Ship-ment and Storage32.3 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipments (
7、Civil Agencies)33. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following as required to describe the desiredmaterial adequately:3.1.1 Quantity (feet, mass, or number of pieces),3.1.2 Name of material (seamless stainless steel mechanicaltubing),3.1.3 Form (r
8、ound, square, rectangular, special, see Section1),3.1.4 Dimensions (round, outside diameter and wall thick-ness, see Section 9; square and rectangular, outside dimensionsand wall thickness, see Section 10; other, specify),3.1.5 Length (specific or random, see 9.3),3.1.6 Manufacture (cold- or hot-fin
9、ished, see 4.5),3.1.7 Grade (Section 6),3.1.8 Condition (annealed, as cold worked, or with specialheat treatment, controlled microstructural characteristics, orother condition as required, see Section 5),3.1.9 Surface finish (special pickling, shot blasting, orpolishing, as required, see Supplementa
10、ry Requirement S5),3.1.10 Specification designation,3.1.11 Report of Chemical Analysis, if required (Sections 7and 8),3.1.12 Individual supplementary requirements, if required,3.1.13 End use,3.1.14 Packaging,3.1.15 Special marking (see 15.2),3.1.16 Special packing (see 16.2), and3.1.17 Special requi
11、rements.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel may be made by any process.4.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser,it shall be as stated on the purchase order.4.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-sing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting,suc
12、h as electroslag remelting or vacuum-arc remelting. Ifsecondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as allof the ingots remelted from a single primary heat.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys, and is the direct r
13、esponsibility of SubcommitteeA01.10 on Tubing.Current edition approved March 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as A 511 96.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servicea
14、stm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at t
15、he end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. Whensteel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identifica-tion of the resultant transition mate
16、rial is required. Theproducer shall remove the transition material by an establishedprocedure that positively separates the grades.4.5 The tubes shall be made by a seamless process and byeither cold working or hot working as specified. Seamless steeltubing is a tubular product made without a welded
17、seam. It isusually manufactured by hot working steel and then coldfinishing the hot-worked tubing to produce the desired shape,dimensions, and properties.5. Condition5.1 Round seamless stainless mechanical tubing is generallysupplied in the cold-worked and annealed condition (see 5.2through 5.4). Sq
18、uare, rectangular, or other shapes of tubing aregenerally supplied annealed prior to final cold shaping. If someother condition is desired, details shall be included in the order.5.2 The thermal treatment for ferritic and martensitic steelsshall be performed by a method and at a temperature selected
19、by the manufacturer unless otherwise specified by the pur-chaser.5.3 Unless otherwise specified, all austenitic tubes shall befurnished in the annealed condition. The anneal shall consist ofheating the material to a minimum temperature of 1900F(1040C) and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by oth
20、ermeans. Alternatively, immediately following hot forming whilethe temperature of the tubes is not less than the specifiedminimum solution treatment temperature, tubes may be indi-vidually quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means.This anneal shall precede final cold work, when cold-workedt
21、empers are required.TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements of Austenitic Stainless SteelsGradeComposition, %CarbonManga-nese, maxPhos-pho-rus,maxSul-fur,maxSilicon,maxNickel Chromium MolybdenumTitaniumColumbiumplusTantalumSeleniumMT 302 0.08 to 0.20 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 8.010.0 17.019.0 . . . .MT 303Se 0.15
22、 max 2.00 0.040 0.040 1.00 8.011.0 17.019.0 . . . 0.120.2MT 304 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 8.011.0 18.020.0 . . . .MT 304L 0.035 maxA2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 8.013.0 18.020.0 . . . .MT 305 0.12 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 10.013.0 17.019.0 . . . .MT 309S 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 12.015.0 22.024.0 .
23、 . . .MT 310S 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 19.022.0 24.026.0 . . . .MT 316 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.014.0 16.018.0 2.03.0 . . .MT 316L 0.035 maxA2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 10.015.0 16.018.0 2.03.0 . . .MT 317 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.014.0 18.020.0 3.04.0 . . .MT 321 0.08 max 2.00 0.0
24、40 0.030 1.00 9.013.0 17.020.0 .B. .MT 347 0.08 max 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 9.013.0 17.020.0 . .C.AFor small diameter or thin wall tubing or both, where many drawing passes are required, a maximum of 0.040 % carbon is necessary in grades MT-304L and MT-316L.Small outside diameter tubes are defined as
25、those under a 0.500 in. outside diameter and light-wall tubes as those under an 0.049 in. average wall thickness (0.044 in.min wall thickness).BThe titanium content shall be not less than five times the carbon content and not more than 0.60 %.CThe columbium plus tantalum content shall be not less th
26、an ten times the carbon content and not more than 1.00 %.TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements of Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless SteelsGradeComposition, %Carbon, maxManga-nese,maxPhos-phorus,maxSulfur,maxSilicon,maxNickel ChromiumMolyb-denumAluminum Copper NitrogenSeleniumMartensiticMT 403 0.15 1.00 0.0
27、40 0.030 0.50 0.50 max 11.513.0 0.60 maxMT 410 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 11.513.5 . . . . .MT 414 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 1.252.50 11.513.5 . . . . .MT 416Se 0.15 1.25 0.060 0.060 1.00 0.50 max 12.014.0 . . . . 0.120.20MT 431 0.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 1.252.50 15.017.0 . . . . .MT 440A
28、 0.60 to 0.75 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 . 16.018.0 0.75 max . . . .FerriticMT 405 0.08 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 11.514.5 . 0.100.30 . . .MT 429 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 14.016.0 . . . . .MT 430 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 16.018.0 . . . . .MT 443 0.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50
29、max 18.023.0 . . 0.901.25 . .MT 4461 0.20 1.50 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 23.030.0 . . . 0.25 max .MT 4462A0.12 1.50 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 23.030.0 . . . 0.25 max .29-4 0.010 0.30 0.025 0.020 0.20 0.15 max 28.030.0 3.54.2 . 0.15 max 0.020 max .29-4-2 0.010 0.30 0.025 0.020 0.20 2.02.5 28.030.0 3.
30、54.2 . 0.15 max 0.020 maxB.AMT446-2 is a lower carbon version of MT446-1, that has a lower tensile strength but improved ductility and toughness.BCarbon plus nitrogen = 0.025 max %.A5110425.4 If any controlled microstructural characteristics arerequired, these shall be specified so as to be a guide
31、to the mostsuitable heat treatment.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2. Othergrades are available.7. Heat Analysis7.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by thesteel manufacturer to determine th
32、e percentages of the ele-ments specified. If secondary melting processes are employed,the heat analysis shall be obtained from one remelted ingot orthe product of one remelted ingot of each primary melt. Thechemical composition thus determined, or that determinedfrom a product analysis made by the t
33、ubular product manufac-turer, shall be reported to the purchaser or the purchasersrepresentative and shall conform to the requirements specified.When requested in the order or contract, a report of thisanalysis shall be furnished to the purchaser.8. Product Analysis8.1 An analysis of either one bill
34、et or one tube shall be madefor each heat of steel. Samples for chemical analysis, exceptspectrochemical analysis, shall be taken in accordance withMethod E 59. The chemical composition thus determined shallconform to the requirements specified in Section 6.8.2 If the original test for product analy
35、sis fails, retests oftwo additional billets or tubes shall be made. Both retests, forthe elements in question, shall meet the requirements of thespecification, otherwise all remaining material in the heat or lotshall be rejected or, at the option of the producer, each billet ortube may be individual
36、ly tested for acceptance. Billets or tubeswhich do not meet the requirements of this specification shallbe rejected.9. Permissible Variations in Dimensions of Round Tubing9.1 Diameter and Wall Thickness (Cold Finished)Variations in outside diameter and wall thickness shall notexceed the amounts pres
37、cribed in Table 3.9.2 Diameter and Wall Thickness (Hot Finished)Variations in outside diameter and wall thickness shall notexceed the amounts prescribed in Table 4.9.3 Lengths (Cold Finished or Hot Finished)Mechanicaltubing is commonly furnished in mill lengths 5 ft (1.5 m) andover. When random leng
38、ths are ordered, tube lengths may varyby an amount up to 7 ft (2.1 m). Definite cut lengths arefurnished, when specified, to the length tolerances shown inTable 3 or Table 4. For tubing ordered in multiple lengths, it iscommon practice to allow a definite amount over for eachmultiple for the purchas
39、ers cutting operations. This amountdepends on the type of purchasers cutting and varies withdiffering wall thickness. The cutting allowance should bespecified on the purchase order. When it is not specified, tubingis customarily supplied with the following allowance for eachmultiple:Excess LengthWal
40、l Thickness, per Multiple,in. (mm) in. (mm)Up to18 (3.2)18 (3.2)Over18 to12 (3.2 to 12.7)316 (4.8)Over12 (12.7)14 (6.4)9.4 Straightness Tolerances (Cold Finished or HotFinished)The deviation from straightness shall not exceedthe amounts shown in Table 5 when measured with a 3-ft(0.9-m) straightedge
41、and feeler gage. If determined by the dialTABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter, Ovality, Wall Thickness, and Cut-Length Variations(Cold-Finished Round Tubing)AOutsideDiameter,in.OutsideDiameter,Tolerance,Bin. Overand UnderOvality,BDoubleOutsideDiameterTolerancewhenwall is:Wall Thicknes
42、sin %C,DPermissibleVariationsin CutLength, in.EOver Under Over UnderUnder12 0.005 less than 0.015 in. 15 1518 012 to 112 , excl 0.005 less than 0.065 in. 10 1018 0112 to 312 , excl 0.010 less than 0.095 in. 10 10316 0312 to 512 , excl 0.015 less than 0.150 in. 10 10316 0512 to 8, excl 0.030 less tha
43、n 0.240 in. 10 10316 08to858 , excl 0.045 less than 0.300 in. 10 10316 0858 to 1234 , incl 0.062 less than 0.350 in. 10 10316 0ATolerances of tubes produced by the rod or bar mandrel process and which have an inside diameter under12 in. (12.7 mm) (or an inside diameter under58 in. (15.8mm) when the
44、wall thickness is more than 20 % of the outside diameter) are as shown in this table, except that wall thickness tolerances are 10 % over and under thespecified wall thickness.BFor ovality values, the tolerance for average outside diameter at any one cross section does not exceed the outside diamete
45、r tolerance value for the applicable outsidediameter.CMany tubes with wall thicknesses more than 25 % of outside diameter or with wall thicknesses over 114 in., (31.7 mm) or weighing more than 90 lb/ft, are difficult todraw over a mandrel. Therefore, the wall thickness can vary 1212 % over and under
46、 that specified. Also see Footnote (B).DFor those tubes with inside diameter under12 in. (12.7 mm) (or under58 in. (15.8 mm) when the wall thickness is more than 20 % of the outside diameter) which arenot commonly drawn over a mandrel, Footnote (A) is not applicable. Therefore, the wall thickness ca
47、n vary 15 % over and under that specified, and the inside diameteris governed by both the outside diameter and wall thickness tolerances.EThese tolerances apply to cut lengths up to and including 24 ft. (7.3 m). For lengths over 24 ft, an additional over tolerance of18 in. (3.1 mm) for each 10 ft (3
48、 m) orfraction thereof shall be permissible, up to a maximum tolerance of12 in. (12.7 mm).A511043indicator method, the values obtained will be approximatelytwice those determined by the straightedge feeler gage method.10. Permissible Variations in Dimensions of Square andRectangular Tubing10.1 Squar
49、e and rectangular seamless stainless mechanicaltubing is supplied as cold worked unless otherwise specified.For this tubing, variations in dimensions from those specifiedshall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 6, Table 7,Table 8, and Table 9.10.2 The squareness of sides is commonly determined byone of the following methods.10.2.1 A square, with two adjustable contact points on eacharm, is placed on two sides. A fixed feeler gage is then used tomeasure the maximum distance between t
