1、Designation: A 576 90b (Reapproved 2006)Standard Specification forSteel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 576; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers hot-wro
3、ught special qualitycarbon steel bars. Special quality bar applications includeforging, heat treating, cold drawing, machining, and manystructural uses. A guide for the selection of steel bars iscontained in Practice A 400.1.2 The bars shall be furnished in the grades specified inTable 1. Sections a
4、nd sizes of bar steel available are covered inSpecification A 29/A 29M. Hot-wrought special quality carbonsteel bars are produced in cut lengths and coils; the manufac-turer should be consulted regarding sections and sizes availablein coils, produced to a chemical composition.1.3 Merchant quality ho
5、t-wrought carbon steel bars arecovered in Specification A 575.1.4 Some end uses may require superior surface quality, orspecial chemical restrictions, metallurgical characteristics, heattreatment, or surface finishes which the purchaser may obtainby designating one or more of the available Supplemen
6、taryRequirements.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon andAlloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA 400 Practice for Steel Bars, Selection Guide, Composi-tion, and Mechanic
7、al PropertiesA 575 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant Qual-ity, M-GradesE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Contentof SteelE 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)2.2 SAE Standard:SAE J 1086 Recommended Practice for Numbering Metalsand Alloys (UNS)33. Ordering Info
8、rmation3.1 Orders under this specification should include the fol-lowing, as required, to describe adequately the desired mate-rial:3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of bars),3.1.2 Name of material (hot-wrought carbon steel bars),3.1.3 Dimensions,3.1.4 ASTM specification number and date of issue,3.1.
9、5 Deoxidation practice (see 4.2.1),3.1.6 Grade designation or chemical composition limits (see5.1 and Table 1),3.1.7 Coarse or fine grain steel (4.2.2),3.1.8 Test reports, if required (Section 7),3.1.9 Additions to the specification and SupplementaryRequirements, if required, and3.1.10 End use.NOTE
10、1A typical ordering description is as follows: 10 000 lb,carbon steel bars, hot rolled 1 000 in. diameter by 10 ft, ASTM A 576dated _, killed steel, Grade 1018, test reports required, coarse grainSupplementary Requirement S10, welded industrial fan hubs and shafts.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Mel
11、ting PracticeThe steel shall be made by one ormore of the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace. The primary melting may incor-porate separate degassing or refining and may be followed bysecondary melting using electroslag remelting or vacuum arcremelting. Where
12、 secondary melting is employed, the heatshall be defined as all of the ingots remelted from a singleprimary heat.4.2 Deoxidation:4.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, the steel shall be rimmed,capped, semi-killed, or killed at the manufacturers option.4.2.2 If killed steel is specified, the purchaser ma
13、y designatethat the steel be made to coarse or fine austenitic grain size (seeS10 or S11).NOTE 2Assured coarse grain size is not always possible since certain1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibili
14、ty of SubcommitteeA01.15 on Bars.Current edition approved March 1, 2006. Published March 2006. Originallyapproved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as A 576 90b (2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.o
15、rg. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,Warrendale, PA 15096.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
16、PA 19428-2959, United States.elements or combination of elements or certain quantities of elements suchas manganese, sulfur, and lead tend to produce grain refinement.4.3 QualityThe bars shall be special quality.4.4 Hot FormingThe bars shall be hot wrought, aswrought.TABLE 1 Grade Designations and C
17、hemical Requirements of Hot-Wrought Carbon Steel BarsNOTEGrade designations and compositions correspond to the respective AISI designations and compositions.UNS DesignationAGrade Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits, %Carbon Manganese Phosphorus, max Sulfur, maxBNonresulfurized Carbon SteelsC,D,E,F,GLow
18、Manganese 1.00 % max or lessG10080 1008 0.10 max 0.300.50 0.040 0.050G10100 1010 0.080.13 0.300.60 0.040 0.050G10120 1012 0.100.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.050G10150 1015 0.130.18 0.300.60 0.040 0.050G10160 1016 0.130.18 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10170 1017 0.150.20 0.300.60 0.040 0.050G10180 1018 0.150.20 0.600
19、.90 0.040 0.050G10190 1019 0.150.20 0.701.00 0.040 0.050G10200 1020 0.180.23 0.300.60 0.040 0.050G10210 1021 0.180.23 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10220 1022 0.180.23 0.701.00 0.040 0.050G10230 1023 0.200.25 0.300.60 0.040 0.050G10250 1025 0.220.28 0.300.60 0.040 0.050G10260 1026 0.220.28 0.600.90 0.040 0.0
20、50G10290 1029 0.250.31 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10300 1030 0.280.34 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10350 1035 0.320.38 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10370 1037 0.320.38 0.701.00 0.040 0.050G10380 1038 0.350.42 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10390 1039 0.370.44 0.701.00 0.040 0.050G10400 1040 0.370.44 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10420 1042
21、 0.400.47 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10430 1043 0.400.47 0.701.00 0.040 0.050G10440 1044 0.430.50 0.300.60 0.040 0.050G10450 1045 0.430.50 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10460 1046 0.430.50 0.701.00 0.040 0.050G10490 1049 0.460.53 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10500 1050 0.480.55 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10530 1053 0.480.55 0.7
22、01.00 0.040 0.050G10550 1055 0.500.60 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10600 1060 0.550.65 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10700 1070 0.650.75 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10780 1078 0.720.85 0.300.60 0.040 0.050G10800 1080 0.750.88 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10840 1084 0.800.93 0.600.90 0.040 0.050G10900 1090 0.850.98 0.600.90 0.040 0
23、.050G10950 1095 0.901.03 0.300.50 0.040 0.050G15130 1513 0.100.16 1.101.40 0.040 0.050G15180 1518 0.150.21 1.101.40 0.040 0.050G15220 1522 0.180.24 1.101.40 0.040 0.050G15240 1524 0.190.25 1.351.65 0.040 0.050G15250 1525 0.230.29 0.801.10 0.040 0.050G15260 1526 0.220.29 1.101.40 0.040 0.050G15270 15
24、27 0.220.29 1.201.50 0.040 0.050G15360 1536 0.300.37 1.201.50 0.040 0.050G15410 1541 0.360.44 1.351.65 0.040 0.050G15470 1547 0.430.51 1.351.65 0.040 0.050G15480 1548 0.440.52 1.101.40 0.040 0.050G15510 1551 0.450.56 0.851.15 0.040 0.050G15520 1552 0.470.55 1.201.50 0.040 0.050G15610 1561 0.550.65 0
25、.751.05 0.040 0.050G15660 1566 0.600.71 0.851.15 0.040 0.050G15720 1572 0.650.76 1.001.30 0.040 0.050Resulfurized Carbon SteelsC,E,GG11090 1109 0.080.13 0.600.90 0.040 0.080.13G11100 1110 0.080.13 0.300.60 0.040 0.080.13G11160 1116 0.140.20 1.101.40 0.040 0.160.23G11170 1117 0.140.20 1.001.30 0.040
26、0.080.13G11180 1118 0.140.20 1.301.60 0.040 0.080.13G11190 1119 0.140.20 1.001.30 0.040 0.240.33G11320 1132 0.270.34 1.351.65 0.040 0.080.13A 576 90b (2006)2TABLE 1 ContinuedUNS DesignationAGrade Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits, %Carbon Manganese Phosphorus, max Sulfur, maxBG11370 1137 0.320.39 1.35
27、1.65 0.040 0.080.13G11390 1139 0.350.43 1.351.65 0.040 0.130.20G11400 1140 0.370.44 0.701.00 0.040 0.080.13G11410 1141 0.370.45 1.351.65 0.040 0.080.13G11440 1144 0.400.48 1.351.65 0.040 0.240.33G11450 1145 0.420.49 0.701.00 0.040 0.040.07G11460 1146 0.420.49 0.701.00 0.040 0.080.13G11510 1151 0.480
28、.55 0.701.00 0.040 0.080.13Rephosphorized and Resulfurized Carbon SteelE,G,HDesignation Grade Carbon Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur LeadG12110 1211 0.13 max 0.600.90 0.070.12 0.100.15 .G12120 1212 0.13 max 0.701.00 0.070.12 0.160.23 .G12130 1213 0.13 max 0.701.00 0.070.12 0.240.33 .G12150 1215 0.09 max
29、 0.751.05 0.040.09 0.260.35 . 12L14 0.15 max 0.851.15 0.040.09 0.260.35 0.150.35ANew designations established in accordance with Practice E 527 and SAE J 1086.BMaximum unless otherwise indicated.CWhen silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly specified: 0.10 %, max, 0.10 to 0
30、.20 %, 0.15 to 0.35 %, or 0.20 to 0.40 %.DCopper can be specified when required as 0.20 % minimum.EWhen lead is required as an added element to a standard steel, a range of 0.15 to 0.35 % incl is specified. Such a steel is identified by inserting the letter “L” betweenthe second and third numerals o
31、f the grade designation, for example, 10 L 45. A cast or heat analysis is not determinable when lead is added to the ladle stream.FWhen boron treatment is specified for killed steels, the steels can be expected to contain 0.0005 to 0.003 % boron.GThe elements bismuth, calcium, selenium, or tellurium
32、 may be added as agreed between purchaser and supplier.HIt is not common practice to produce these steels to specified limits for silicon because of its adverse effect on machinability.5. Chemical Composition5.1 The heat analysis shall conform to the requirements forchemical composition specified in
33、 Table 1 for the gradespecified, or to such other limits as may be specified using theranges and limits in Table 2.6. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance6.1 DescalingWhen descaled bars are required, S15 onPickling or S16 on Blast Cleaning must be specified.6.2 The bars shall be free of visible pipe
34、and conditioned asnecessary to remove injurious surface imperfections.7. Certification and Test Reports7.1 When specified by the purchaser, a manufacturerscertification that the material was manufactured and tested inaccordance with this specification together with a report of theheat analysis test
35、results for the specified elements and forcopper, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, andcolumbium shall be furnished. When the amount of an elementpresent is less than 0.02 %, the analysis may be reported as0.02 %. The report shall include the name of the manufac-turer, ASTM designation number
36、and year date and revisionletter, if any, type and grade, heat number, and size.7.2 When supplementary requirements are specified, thereport shall include a statement of compliance with therequirement or the results of tests when the requirementinvolves measured test values such as S12 on Restricted
37、Incidental Elements.8. General Requirements8.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition ofSpecification A 29/A 29M, unless otherwise provided herein.9. Keywords9.1 carbon steel bars; hot-wrought steel bars; steel barsA 576 90b (
38、2006)3SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply when specified by thepurchaser.S1. Cold-Working QualityS1.1 This classification encompasses bars subject to severecold plastic deformation such as, but not limited to, upsetting,heading, forging, forw
39、ard or backward extrusion.S1.2 If the type of steel or chemical composition does nothave adequate cold working characteristics, appropriate ther-mal treatments should be specified.S1.3 When S1 is specified, the bars shall be produced bymanufacturing practices and subjected to mill tests and inspec-t
40、ion and freedom from injurious surface imperfections to theextent that the bars shall be suitable for the manufacture ofidentified parts. The quality requirements of individual appli-cation vary.S2. Axle-Shaft QualityS2.1 Bars shall be suitable for use in the manufacture ofpower-driven axle shafts o
41、f the automotive or truck type.S3. Scrapless Nut QualityS3.1 Bars shall be suitable for the production of scraplessnuts from round bars involving cold plastic deformation,TABLE 2 Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits of Hot-Wrought Carbon Steel BarsElementChemical Ranges and Limits, %When Maximum of Speci
42、fiedElement is: Range Lowest MaximumCarbonA. . 0.06to 0.12 incl . .over 0.120.25 incl 0.05 .over 0.250.40 incl 0.06 .over 0.400.55 incl 0.07 .over 0.550.80 incl 0.10 .over 0.80 0.13 .Manganese . . 0.35to 0.40 incl 0.15 .over 0.400.50 incl 0.20 .over 0.501.65 incl 0.30 .Phosphorus to 0.040 inclover 0
43、.0400.08 inclover 0.080.13 incl.0.030.050.040.Sulfur to 0.050 incl . . . 0.050over 0.0500.09 incl 0.03 .over 0.090.15 incl 0.05 .over 0.150.23 incl 0.07 .over 0.230.50 incl 0.09 .SiliconB. . 0.10to 0.10 incl . .over 0.100.15 incl 0.08 .over 0.150.20 incl 0.10 .over 0.200.30 incl 0.15 .over 0.300.60
44、incl 0.20 .Copper When copper is required 0.20 min isgenerally specifiedLeadC,DWhen lead is required, a range of0.150.35 is specifiedBoron 0.0005minBismuthECalciumESeleniumETelluriumEAThe carbon ranges shown in the column headed “Range” apply when the specified maximum limit for manganese does not e
45、xceed 1.10 %. When the maximummanganese limit exceeds 1.10 %, add 0.01 to the carbon ranges shown above.BIt is not common practice to produce a rephosphorized and resulfurized carbon steel to specified limits for silicon because of its adverse effect on machinability.CA heat analysis for lead is not
46、 determinable, since lead is added to the ladle stream while each ingot is poured.DIt is not common practice to produce these steels to specified limits for silicon because of its adverse effect on machinability.EElement specification range as agreed to between purchaser and supplier.A 576 90b (2006
47、)4namely piercing, upsetting, and forming, with consequentexpansion in diameter.S4. Special Surface QualityS4.1 Special surface steels are produced with exactingcontrol and appropriate inspection and surface preparation tominimize the frequency and degree of seams and other surfaceimperfections.S5.
48、AnnealingS5.1 The steel shall be furnished annealed.S6. Spheroidize AnnealingS6.1 The steel shall be spheroidize annealed.S7. Special Internal Soundness RequirementS7.1 The steel shall be produced with special internalsoundness, that is, relative freedom from segregation andporosity, as evaluated by
49、 means of a macroetch test performedon representative billet samples. The test shall consist of deepetching a cross section in a hot-acid solution and with a visualexamination to evaluate soundness. An alternative methodconsisting of fracturing a billet section and examining thefracture surface to evaluate soundness may be used withpurchaser approval.S8. Nonmetallic Inclusion Requirement
