1、Designation: A683 05 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Specification forNonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A683; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements towhich flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steelsh
3、all conform.1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-lossvalues and is intended primarily for commercial power fre-quency (50- and 60-Hz) applications in magnetic devices.Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are devel-oped through heat treatment by the user.1.3 These nono
4、riented, semiprocessed electrical steels arelow carbon, silicon-iron or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys con-taining up to about 2.5 % silicon and less than 1 % aluminum.1.4 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values givenin parentheses are m
5、athematical conversions to SI units whichare provided for information only and are not consideredstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A34/A34M Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testingof Magnetic MaterialsA340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating toMagnetic TestingA343/
6、A343M Test Method for Alternating-Current Mag-netic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies UsingWattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm EpsteinTest FrameA664 Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical SteelGrades in ASTM SpecificationsA700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loa
7、ding Meth-ods for Steel Products for ShipmentA719/A719M Test Method for Lamination Factor of Mag-netic MaterialsA720/A720M Test Method for Ductility of NonorientedElectrical SteelA971 Test Method for Measuring Edge Taper and Crown ofFlat-Rolled Electrical Steel CoilsA976 Classification of Insulating
8、 Coatings for ElectricalSteels by Composition, Relative Insulating Ability andApplication3. Terminology3.1 The terms and symbols used in this specification aredefined in Terminology A340.4. Classification4.1 The nonoriented electrical steel types described by thisspecification are shown in Table 1.5
9、. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includeas much of the following information as necessary to describethe desired material adequately:5.1.1 ASTM specification number.5.1.2 Core-loss type number.5.1.3 Surface coating type.5.1.4 Thickness, width, and length (
10、if in cut lengths insteadof coils).5.1.5 Total weight of ordered item.5.1.6 Limitations in coil size or lift weights.5.1.7 End UseThe user shall disclose as much pertinentinformation as possible about the intended application toenable the producer to provide material characteristics mostsuitable for
11、 specific fabricating practices.5.1.8 Special requirements or exceptions to the provisionsof this specification.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Typical Melting and Casting:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 onMagnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Su
12、bcommittee A06.02 onMaterial Specifications.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A683/A683M 05.DOI: 10.1520/A0683-05R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact AST
13、M Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.1.1 These semiprocessed ele
14、ctrical steels may be made bybasic-oxygen, electric furnace, or other steelmaking prac-tice(s).6.1.2 These electrical steels are characterized by low car-bon, usually less than 0.030 %. The principal alloying elementis commonly silicon, but aluminum up to about 0.8 % issometimes used instead of, or
15、in addition to, silicon, dependingon mill processing practice for the desired magnetic grade.Individual producers will often have different silicon or alumi-num contents for a particular grade as a result of intrinsic millprocessing procedures.6.1.3 Sulfur content is typically less than 0.025 % and
16、isusually lowest in the numbered types representing lowest coreloss. Manganese is typically present in amounts between 0.10and 0.70 %. Phosphorus, copper, nickel, chromium, molybde-num, antimony, and tin are usually present only in residualamounts except in the higher numbered core-loss types wherep
17、hosphorus, tin, or antimony up to 0.15 % may be present.6.1.4 The producer is not required to report chemicalcomposition of each lot except where a clear need for suchinformation has been shown. In such cases, the analyses to bereported shall be negotiated between the producer and user.6.2 Typical P
18、rocessingThe processing sequence for semi-processed nonoriented electrical steel comprises hot rolling,pickling, cold rolling, and annealing. An additional annealingoperation may precede or follow the pickling operation.6.3 When changes in the manufacture of the material arebelieved to exert possibl
19、e significant effects upon the usersfabricating practices and upon the magnetic performance to beobtained in the specified end use, the producer shall notify theuser before shipment is made so the user has an opportunity toevaluate the effects.7. Magnetic Property Requirements Magnetic PropertyRequi
20、rements7.1 Specific Core LossEach core-loss type of electricalsteel is identified by maximum core-loss limits as shown inTable 1.7.2 PermeabilityThe permeability at all inductions shallbe as high as possible consistent with the required core-losslimits that govern the grade. Typical relative peak pe
21、rmeability(p) values are given in Appendix X1.7.3 Specific Exciting PowerThe rms exciting power re-quired for the excitation of a particular type of electrical steelis frequently useful to the user. Typical values of specificexciting power are given in Appendix X1.8. Surface Insulation Characteristi
22、cs8.1 Unless otherwise specified, semiprocessed electricalsteels are supplied with a thin, tightly adherent surface oxide(coating Type C-0 in Classification A976) which has sufficientinsulating ability for most small cores. The insulating ability ofcoating Type C-0 can be enhanced during the users h
23、eattreatment by using a slightly oxidizing atmosphere.8.2 Applied Coatings:8.2.1 Semiprocessed electrical steels may also be suppliedwith a thin applied coating (coating Types C-4AS andC-5AS in Classification A976) which has sufficient insulatingability for most small cores. A major purpose for usin
24、g coatingTypes C-4AS and C-5AS is to reduce surface-to-surfacesticking during the users heat treatment.8.2.2 When essential, higher levels of insulating ability maybe obtained by coating semiprocessed electrical steels withthicker applied coatings (coating Types C-4 and C-5 inClassification A976). U
25、sage of such coatings should be ap-proached with great caution since the coatings may have aninhibiting effect on decarburization and thereby limit theattainment of the lowest core losses in the users heat treat-ment.9. Mechanical Requirements9.1 Lamination FactorThe lamination factor shall bedeterm
26、ined using Test Method A719/A719M and shall be ashigh as practicable. It is normally greater for 0.025-in. (0.64-mm) thick steel than for 0.0185-in. (0.47-mm) thick steel andwhen the surfaces are smooth and have no applied coating.9.2 DuctilityThe material shall be as ductile as possible,consistent
27、with meeting magnetic requirements. When requiredthe ductility shall be determined by the bend test for ductilitydescribed in Test Method A720/A720M. Ductility is a functionof microstructure and may differ between producers. The usersanneal may also affect ductility.10. Dimensions and Permissible Va
28、riations10.1 ThicknessSpecified thickness should be one of thecommon thicknesses as follows:Thickness, in. (mm)0.025 (0.64)0.0185 (0.47)10.2 Thickness VariationsThe average thickness of thematerial supplied shall be as close as possible to the orderedthickness. Measurements made with a contacting mi
29、crometerat points no closer than38 in. (10 mm) from the edge of a sheetor coil of specified width shall not differ from the specifiedthickness by more than the values (which include taper) shownin Table 2.10.3 Edge TaperThe rolling of flat-rolled strip inherentlyproduces an edge that is thinner than
30、 the rest of the strip. Thischaracteristic is termed “edge taper,” “feather,” or “gamma.”TABLE 1 Core-Loss TypesAand Maximum Core LossesBat aMagnetic Flux Density of 15 kG (1.5 T) and 60 HzCof QualityEvaluation Annealed Epstein SpecimensD0.0185-in. (0.47-mm) Thickness 0.025-in. (0.64-mm) ThicknessCo
31、re-LossTypeMaximum Core LossCore-LossTypeMaximum Core LossW/lb W/kg W/lb W/kg47S155 1.55 3.42 64S200 2.00 4.4147S165 1.65 3.64 64S210 2.10 4.6347S175 1.75 3.86 64S220 2.20 4.8547S190 1.90 4.19 64S230 2.30 5.07ASee Practice A664.BThe test density shall be the correct ASTM assumed density (in accordan
32、cewith 14.2) for the chemistry used by the producer to meet the property require-ments of this specification.CMaximum core losses at a magnetic flux density of 15 kG (1.5 T) and 50 Hzare 0.79 times maximum core losses at 60 Hz.DOne half of strips cut parallel to the steel rolling direction and one h
33、alf of stripscut perpendicular to the steel rolling direction.A683 05 (2010)2Edge taper thickness variation is sometimes the major portionof the total overall thickness variation permitted by 10.2. Edgetaper is defined and may be measured in accordance with TestMethod A971. Since edge taper occurs p
34、rimarily within thefirst 1 or 2 in. (25 or 50 mm) from the as-rolled edge, edge slitcoils tend to have the greatest variation in thickness. Thefollowing limits on the differences in thickness measuredwithin the first 2 in. (50 mm) or less from either edge of theordered width will apply.Ordered Thick
35、ness Maximum Taperin. mm in. mm0.0185 0.47 0.0012 0.0310.025 0.64 0.0014 0.03610.4 Width TolerancesMaximum deviations from the or-dered width shall be as shown in Table 3.10.5 Length TolerancesThe maximum deviations fromthe ordered length shall be as shown in Table 4.10.6 CamberCamber is the greates
36、t deviation of a sideedge from a straight line, the measurement being taken on theconcave side with a straightedge. It is limited to14 in. (6.4 mm)in any 8-ft (2.4-m) length.10.7 Out of SquareThis tolerance applies to cut lengthsonly and represents the deviation of an edge from a straight lineplaced
37、 at a right angle to the side, touching one corner andextending to the other side. It shall not exceed116 in. (1.6 mm)in any 6 in. (150 mm) of width or fraction thereof.11. Workmanship and Finish11.1 Surface FinishesMany applications of these steelsrequire some treatment of the normally smooth surfa
38、ce tominimize sticking during the lamination anneal. This may takethe form of an intentionally roughened surface or a chemicaltreatment of the surface commonly referred to as antistick. Theseveral ranges of roughness that are usually available includethe following as determined by a profilometer and
39、 expressed asarithmetic average microinches at 0.030-in. (0.76-mm) cutoffand 0.3-in./s (7.6-mm) tracing speed:SurfaceFinishProfilometer(Ra), in. (m)Smooth 020 (00.5)Matte 3060 (0.81.5)Rough 70110 (1.82.8)The user shall specify on the order what surface finish orsurface treatment is required.11.2 Fla
40、tnessAdequately defining the degree of flatnessnecessary for the general application of semiprocessed electri-cal steel sheets is extremely difficult; therefore, no specificlimits for flatness have been established.11.2.1 It is intended that flatness shall be suitable for theintended application, an
41、d consequently the user should informthe producer of any requirements for a degree of flatness,which exceeds that obtained from usual commercial practices.11.2.2 Commercial practices recognize that sharp, shortwaves and buckles are objectionable.11.2.3 Procedures for judging the degree of critical f
42、latnessnecessary shall be subject to negotiation between user andproducer.11.3 Surface ImperfectionsThe surface shall be reason-ably clean and essentially free of manufacturing defects such asholes, blisters, slivers, indentations, and so forth, which wouldinterfere with its effective use in the int
43、ended application.12. Sampling12.1 The producer shall assign a number to each test lot foridentification. The test lot shall not exceed 20 000 lb (9100 kg)in weight.12.2 Test samples shall be obtained after final mill heattreatment or other operation which is the final operation to havesignificant i
44、nfluence on the magnetic properties of semipro-cessed electrical steel.12.3 The full width coil identified as a test lot shall besampled in accordance with Practice A34/A34M.13. Specimen Preparation13.1 The Epstein test specimen shall consist of one half ofthe test strips obtained parallel to rollin
45、g and one half trans-verse to the rolling direction, in accordance with Fig. 1 ofPractice A34/A34M.13.2 To determine conformity with the magnetic require-ments of this specification, the specimen strips to be testedshall be given a controlled quality evaluation anneal in aTABLE 2 Thickness Tolerance
46、sAThickness Tolerances, Over or Under, in. (mm) forSpecified Width, in. (mm)SpecifiedThickness,in. (mm)6 (152)Wide andUnderOver 6 (152)to 12 (305)Wide, InclOver 12 (305)to 36 (914)Wide, InclOver 36 (914)to 48 (1219)Wide, Incl0.0185 (0.47) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051) 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076)0.025
47、 (0.64) 0.002 (0.051) 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076)AThickness is measured at any point across the width not less than38 in. (10mm) from a side edge.TABLE 3 Width TolerancesSpecified WidthWidth ToleranceOver Underin. mm in. mm in. mm2 to 6, incl (50 to 150 incl) 0.008 (0.20) 0.008(0.20)Ov
48、er 6 to 9, incl (over 150 to 230, incl) 0.016 (0.41) 0.016(0.41)Over 9 to 12, incl (over 230 to 300, incl) 0.032 (0.81) 0.032(0.81)Over 12 to 30, incl (over 300 to 760, incl)18 (3.2) 0 0Over 30 to 48, incl (over 760 to 1220, incl)316 (4.8) 0 0Over 48 to 60, incl (over 1220 to 1520,incl)14 (6.4) 0 0T
49、ABLE 4 Length TolerancesSpecified LengthLength ToleranceOver Underin. mm in. mm in. mmTo 30, incl (to 760, incl)18 (3.2) 0 0Over 30 to 60, incl (over 760 to 1520, incl)14 (6.4) 0 0Over 60 to 96, incl (over 1520 to 2340,incl)12 (12.7) 0 0Over 96 to 120, incl (over 2340 to 3050,incl)34 (19.1) 0 0Over 120 to 144, incl (over 3050 to 3660,incl)1 (25.4) 0 0A683 05 (2010)3decarburizing atmosphere. The anneal shall be made underconditions which ensure that the specimen strips reach atemperature of 1550F (843C) except that the temperatureshal
