1、Designation: A694/A694M 16Standard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings,Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A694/A694M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearo
2、f original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers forged or rolled steel pipefla
3、nges, forged fittings, valves, and parts suitable for use withhigh-strength transmission-service pipe. Included are flanges,fittings, and similar parts ordered either to dimensions specifiedby the purchaser or to ASME or MSS dimensional standardsreferenced in Section 2.1.2 Several grades of material
4、, based on minimum yieldstrength requirements, are covered, as indicated in Table 1.1.3 Supplementary Requirements are provided. Supplemen-tary Requirement S1 is provided for use when purchaserapproval is required for repair welding.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in
5、SI units. However, unless the order specifies theapplicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in
6、brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed inSpecifi
7、cation A961/A961M, the following list of standardsapply to this specification:2.2 ASTM Standards:2A53/A53M Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and SeamlessA106/A106M Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipefor High-Temperature ServiceA381 Specification for Me
8、tal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for UseWith High-Pressure Transmission SystemsA707/A707M Specification for Forged Carbon and AlloySteel Flanges for Low-Temperature ServiceA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsA961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements forSteel Flanges, Fo
9、rged Fittings, Valves, and Parts forPiping Applications2.3 ASME Standards:ASME B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings3ASME B 16.9 Steel Butt-Welding Fittings3ASME B 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding andThreaded3ASME B 16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges32.4 MSS Standards:4MSS SP-44
10、Standard for Steel Pipe Line FlangesMSS SP-75 Specification for High-Test Welding FittingsMSS SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch OutletFittings2.5 API Standard:5L Specification for Line Pipe53. Ordering Information3.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order all ord
11、ering information necessary to purchasethe needed material. In addition to the ordering guidelines inSpecification A961/A961M, orders should include the follow-ing information:3.1.1 Additional requirements (see 8.1 and 11.1).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Stee
12、l,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in
13、1974. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A694/A694M 14.DOI: 10.1520/A0694_A0694M-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Su
14、mmary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.4Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, V
15、ienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.5Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
16、PA 19428-2959. United States14. General Requirements4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including anysupplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchaseorder. Failure to comply with the general requirements ofSpecificati
17、on A961/A961M constitutes nonconformance withthis specification. In case of conflict between the requirementsof this specification and Specification A961/A961M, thisspecification shall prevail.5. Manufacture5.1 Melting Process:5.1.1 The steel shall be made by any of the followingprocesses: open hear
18、th, electric furnace, or basic oxygen. Thesteel shall be fully deoxidized.5.1.2 The steel shall be carbon steel, high-strength low-alloysteel, or alloy steel, as agreed upon between the manufacturerand purchaser. Analysis of the steel used, including all alloyingelements listed in Table 2, shall be
19、reported by the manufac-turer to the purchaser. The steel shall be suitable for fieldwelding (as established by the purchaser) to other fittings,valve materials and flanges, and to pipe manufactured underthe following ASTM specifications: Specification A53/A53M,Specification A106/A106M, Specificatio
20、n A381, and APIStandard 5L pipe, as well as to fittings manufactured underMSS SP-75.5.2 Manufacturing Practice:5.2.1 Material for forgings shall consist of ingots or blooms,billets, slabs, or bars of forged or rolled form and cut to therequired length by a suitable process.5.2.2 The finished product
21、 shall be a forging as defined inthe Terminology section of Specification A788/A788M.5.2.3 Hot working shall be sufficient to develop a wroughtstructure throughout the part.5.2.4 Flanges shall not be machined directly from plate norfrom solid bar stock.5.3 Heat Treatment:5.3.1 All items shall be hea
22、t treated. Heat treatment ofcarbon steel and high-strength low-alloy steel may consist ofnormalizing, normalizing-and-tempering, or quenching-and-tempering. Heat treatment of alloy steel may consist ofnormalizing and precipitation heat treatment or quenching andprecipitation heat treatment.5.3.2 The
23、 tempering temperature shall be at least 1000 F540 C. The precipitation heat treatment of the alloy steelshall be in the range from 1000 to 1225 F 540 to 665 C.6. Chemical Composition6.1 A chemical heat analysis in accordance with Specifica-tion A961/A961M shall be made and conform to the require-me
24、nts as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 2.6.2 High-strength low-alloy steels shall be of specified alloyelement composition, with the elements covered in 6.1 re-stricted within the limits prescribed therein as may be neces-sary to ensure weldability and specified minimum tensileproperties
25、. When high-strength low-alloy steel is furnished,appropriate procedures are required for field welding.6.3 Alloy steel shall conform to the requirements for GradeL 5 of Specification A707/A707M.7. Tensile Requirements7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as totensile properties prescri
26、bed in Table 1, when tested in accor-dance with the mechanical testing requirements of Specifica-tion A961/A961M.7.2 The tension test specimen shall be obtained from aproduction forging, or from an integral prolongation represen-tative of the hub location of a flange, or the heaviest crosssection of
27、 a fitting, valve, or other part within the scope of thisspecification. Alternatively, the test specimen may be takenfrom a separately forged test block which has been taken fromthe same heat of steel as the production forgings, and which hasbeen reduced by forging in a manner similar to that for th
28、eforgings it represents.7.2.1 The test specimen shall represent all forgings from thesame heat and heat treatment load whose maximum thick-nesses do not exceed the thickness of the test forging or blankby more than14 in. 6 mm.7.3 The axis of the tension test sample shall be located in thetest forgin
29、g, or prolongation so as to represent mid-wall of theflange hub, or mid-wall of the thickest cross section of thevalve, fitting, or other part.7.4 The axis of the tension test specimen shall be orientedparallel to the direction of maximum forging work for fittings,TABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsGrade Y
30、ield Strength (0.2 %Offset), min, ksi MPaTensile Strength,min, ksi MPaElongation in 2in.or50mm,min %F42 42 290 60 415 20F46 46 315 60 415 20F48 48 330 62 425 20F50 50 345 64 440 20F52 52 360 66 455 20F56 56 385 68 470 20F60 60 415 75 515 20F65 65 450 77 530 20F70 70 485 82 565 18TABLE 2 Chemical Req
31、uirementsComposition, %Heat AnalysisCarbon, max 0.30Manganese, max 1.60Phosphorus, max 0.025Sulfur, max 0.025Silicon 0.150.35CopperANickelAChromiumAMolybdenumAVanadiumAColumbium (Niobium)ABoronAAAll elements listed in Table 2 shall be reported. Where no composition limit islisted, values are to be r
32、eported but no limits apply except as covered in 6.3.A694/A694M 162valves, and other parts, except for flanges when the specimenshall be oriented in the tangential direction.7.5 One tension test shall be taken from each heat in eachheat treatment load, and shall be representative of the largestflang
33、e hub, or valve or fitting wall thickness in the load.7.6 When heat treatment is done either continuous or batchtype furnaces in which the working zones are controlled towithin 6 25 F 6 14 C of the required heat treatmenttemperature, and when the furnace is equipped with function-ing recording pyrom
34、eters such that complete heat treatmentrecords are available, then one tension test from each heat shallbe required instead of from each heat in each heat treatmentload. However, this provision is limited to forgings with heattreated weights not exceeding 10 000 lb 4540 kg, and the testforging must
35、accompany a production charge.8. Surface Finish, Appearance, and Corrosion Protection8.1 The forgings and fittings shall conform to the require-ments of Specification A961/A961M.9. Repair by Welding9.1 Repair by Welding of Injurious DefectsRepair ofinjurious defects shall be permitted at the discret
36、ion of themanufacturer in accordance with Specification A961/A961M.9.1.1 Deposited weld metal shall be capable of meeting allmechanical properties upon heat treatment.9.1.2 All forgings to be repaired by welding shall be repairwelded prior to heat treatment.10. Retests10.1 If any of the results of t
37、he tension tests of any lot do notconform to the requirements specified, the manufacturer mayreheat treat such lots, but not more than twice, except with theapproval of the purchaser, on the basis of satisfactory metal-lurgical evidence that the cause of failure is curable and thequality of the mate
38、rial is satisfactory.11. Rejection and Rehearing11.1 The purchaser shall comply with the requirements ofSpecification A961/A961M.12. Certification12.1 See Specification A961/A961M.12.2 The test report shall include the following:12.2.1 Chemical analysis results, Section 6 (Table 2).12.2.2 Tensile pr
39、operties, Section 7 (Table 1), report theyield strength and tensile strength, in ksi MPa, elongation andreduction in area, in percent,12.2.3 Type heat treatment, 7.6,12.2.4 Any supplementary testing required by the purchaseorder.13. Product Marking13.1 In addition to marking requirements of Specific
40、ationA961/A961M, the following additional marking requirementsshall apply:13.1.1 Forgings repaired by welding shall be marked withthe letter “W” following the ASTM designation.13.2 Bar CodingIn addition to the requirements in 13.1and 13.1.1, bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identi-fication
41、 method. The purchaser may specify in the order aspecific bar coding system to be used. The bar coding system,if applied at the discretion of the supplier, should be consistentwith one of the published industry standards for bar coding. Ifused on small parts, the bar code may be applied to the box o
42、ra substantially applied tag.14. Keywords14.1 high strength low alloy steel; pipe fittings, steel; pipingapplications; pressure containing parts; steel flanges; steelforgings, alloy; steel forgings, carbon; steel valvesSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements shall apply on
43、ly when specified by the purchaser in theinquiry, contract, and order:S1. Special FlangesS1.1 Flanges shall meet the requirements of MSS SP-44,including the chemical requirements, carbon equivalency, andimpact testing limitations.A694/A694M 163SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the locat
44、ion of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,A694/A694M 14, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved May 1, 2016)(1) Added new chemical requirements to Table 2, deleted someinappropriate references, revised 5.1.2 and S1.ASTM International takes no position respe
45、cting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This st
46、andard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internat
47、ional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown belo
48、w.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 164
