1、Designation: A 823 99 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Specification forStatically Cast Permanent Mold Gray Iron Castings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers gray iron castings that arestatically cast in permanent molds.1.2 No precise quantitative
3、 relationship can be stated be-tween the properties of the iron in various locations of the samecasting or between the properties of a casting and those of a testspecimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values giv
4、en in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure ofGraphite in Iron CastingsA 644 Terminology Relating to Iron CastingsE8 Test
5、 Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-als2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment32.3 Military Standard:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage33. Terminology3.1 Definitions for many terms common to iron cast
6、ings arefound in Terminology A 644. A classification of graphitestructure is found in Test Method A 247.4. Classification4.1 Castings ordered and produced under this specificationare classified into a number of grades based on the propertiesof separately cast test bars. The test bar shall be selecte
7、d on thebasis of the controlling section size of the casting (see 9.1 and9.2 and Table 1).4.2 Castings may be produced in the as cast state providedthe requirements of this standard in Table 1 are met. However,annealing or normalizing heat treatments are usual and cus-tomary and are a basis for clas
8、sification.4.3 The grades are designated A for annealed or N fornormalized. This is followed by an S oraCtodesignate a solidor a cored casting, followed by anA, B, C, or S to designate thetest bar to be poured with the castings. Examples of properdesignations are as follows:Permanent Mold Castings,
9、ASTM Specification A 823,Grade N-SBPermanent Mold Castings, ASTM Specification A 823,Grade A-CC5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include thefollowing information:5.1.1 ASTM designation number and year of issue.5.1.2 Grade of iron required (see Section 4 and T
10、able 1).5.1.3 The size of the separately cast test bar (letter classifi-cation A, B, C, or S) which best represents the thickness of thecontrolling section of the casting (see 4.1 and Table 2).5.1.4 Location for Brinell Hardness determination (see10.1.1).5.1.5 Lot size (see Section 16).5.1.6 Special
11、 requirements (see Section 17).5.1.7 Special preparation for delivery (see Section 22).5.1.8 Saving tested specimens or unbroken test bars (see19.1.1).6. Chemical Composition6.1 The chemical composition shall be such as to producethe mechanical properties required by this specification. As areferenc
12、e, typical compositions covering all grades are shownin Table X1.1 in Appendix X1.6.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser,chemical composition requirements may be specified.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on IronCastings and is the direct responsib
13、ility of SubcommitteeA04.01 on Grey and WhiteIron Castings.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as A 823 99 (2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custom
14、er Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mi
15、l.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Heat Treatment7.1 Although castings may be provided in the as castcondition, when necessary, heat treatment shall be such as toproduce the mechanical properties required in this st
16、andard.8. Tensile Requirements Tensile Requirements8.1 Test bars representing castings conforming to this speci-fication shall meet the requirements for tensile strength de-scribed in Table 1.9. Cast Test Bars9.1 Test bars shall be separate castings poured from thesame iron as the castings they repr
17、esent and shall havedimensions as shown in Table 2. Allowance may be made forreasonable pattern draft within the tolerances shown in Table 2.Test bars A, B, and C are all standard test bars in the form ofsimple cylinders. Test bar S is special and is intended for usewhere the controlling section of
18、the casting is over 2 in.9.2 The test bar selected shall be based on the controllingsection size of the casting. This shall be determined by thedimensions of the largest cylinder that will fit into the control-ling section of the casting with the additional requirement thatthe height of the cylinder
19、 must be at least equal to its diameter.9.3 The test bars shall be cast in a permanent mold. Themold shall be of similar material, design, and construction asthat used to make the production castings. The test barpermanent mold shall be preheated with three consecutivepours, after which, starting wi
20、th the fourth pour, the bars can beused for the tension test. A suitable design for a mold is shownin Fig. 1.9.4 By specific agreement between the manufacturer and thepurchaser, test bars removed from the castings may be substi-tuted for separately cast test bars. The location from which thebars are
21、 taken shall be as agreed between the parties andindicated on the casting drawing or data base equivalent.9.5 Where test specimens are to represent heat treatedcastings, they shall accompany the castings in the same heattreat lot(s), or by agreement, be subjected to the same thermalcycle that the ca
22、stings undergo.10. Hardness Requirements10.1 Brinell hardness readings taken on the castings shallconform to the requirements in Table 1.10.1.1 The area or areas on the castings where the hardnessis to be determined shall be established by agreement betweenmanufacturer and purchaser and shall be sho
23、wn on the castingdrawing.10.1.2 Brinell hardness shall be determined in accordancewith Test Method E10. Sufficient surface material shall beremoved (generally 0.010 to 0.030 in.) to ensure that themeasured hardness is representative of the basic iron structure.10.1.3 Brinell hardness measurements sh
24、all be undertakenat room temperature, defined as 5095 F (1035 C).11. Dimensional Requirements11.1 The castings shall conform to the dimensions ordrawings furnished by the purchaser, or, if there are nodrawings, to the dimensions predicted by the pattern equipmentsupplied by the purchaser.12. Workman
25、ship and Finish12.1 The surface of the casting shall be inspected visually,particularly in critical areas, for such surface defects as cracks,hot tears, adhering sand and scale, cold shuts, and gas holes.12.2 No repairing by plugging or welding of any kind shallbe permitted unless written permission
26、 is granted by thepurchaser.13. Number of Tests and Retests13.1 The manufacturer shall cast and prepare at least threetest bars for each lot of castings intended to conform to thisspecification. The manufacturer shall conduct the specifiedtests unless the manufacturer and purchaser agree that the te
27、stsshall be made by another qualified laboratory. Only one barneed be tested if the results conform to the property require-ments of this specification. If any test specimen shows defec-tive or improper machining, or obvious lack of continuity ofmetal, it may be discarded and replaced by another spe
28、cimenfrom another test bar from the same lot.13.2 If after testing, a test specimen shows evidence of adefect, the results of the test may be invalidated and anothermade on a specimen from the same lot.13.3 If the results of a valid test fail to conform to therequirements of this specification, two
29、retests shall be made. IfTABLE 1 Permanent Mold Gray Iron SpecificationsGrade Tensile Strength, min, ksi(MPa)ABHNUncoredAnnealedA-SA 30 000 (207) 163207A-SB 25 000 (172) 163207A-SC 20 000 (138) 163207A-SS 18 000 (124) 143207CoredAnnealedA-CA 30 000 (207) 143207A-CB 25 000 (172) 143207A-CC 20 000 (13
30、8) 143207UncoredNormalizedN-SA 30 000 (207) 170229N-SB 25 000 (172) 170229N-SC 20 000 (138) 170229N-SS 18 000 (124) 149229CoredNormalizedN-CA 30 000 (207) 170229N-CB 25 000 (172) 149229N-CC 20 000 (138) 149229ARefer to Fig. X1.1 for the relationship between tensile strength and sectionsize.TABLE 2 D
31、iameters and Lengths of Cast Test BarsTestBarAs-Cast Diameter, in. (mm)ALength, in. (mm)Nominal(Mid-Length)Minimum(Bottom)Maximum(Top)Minimum(Specified)Maximum(Recommended)A 0.88 (22.4) 0.85 (21.6) 0.96 (24.4) 5.0 (125) 6.0 (150)B 1.20 (30.5) 1.14 (29.0) 1.32 (33.5) 6.0 (150) 9.0 (230)C 2.00 (50.8)
32、1.90 (48.3) 2.10 (53.3) 7.0 (175) 10.0 (255)SB. . . . .AThe diameter is the controlling section for the appropriate permanent moldspecification (see Section 9).BAll dimensions of test bar S shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and thepurchaser.A 823 99 (2008)2either retest fails to meet the spec
33、ification requirements, thecastings represented by these test specimens shall be rejected.A valid test is one wherein the specimen has been properlyprepared and appears to be sound and on which the approvedtest procedure has been followed.13.4 If sufficient separately cast test pieces are not availa
34、ble,the manufacturer shall have the option of removing a testspecimen from a location of representative casting, as agreedupon between the manufacturer and purchaser.13.5 If the first test results indicate that a heat treatment oran additional heat treatment is needed to meet the testrequirements, t
35、he entire lot of castings and the representativetest specimens shall be heat treated or reheat treated together.Testing shall proceed in accordance with 13.1,13.2,13.3, and13.4 .14. Tension Test Specimens14.1 For test barA, the tension test specimenA, as shown inFig. 2, shall be machined concentric
36、with the axis of the testbar.14.2 For test bar B, the tension test specimen B, as shown inFig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the testbar.14.3 For test bar C, tension test specimen C, as shown inFig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the testbar. Unless the size of t
37、he tensile test specimen to be machinedfrom test bar C is specified in writing by the purchaser, thedecision whether to use tension test specimen B or C shall bemade by the manufacturer of the castings.14.4 For test bar S, the nature and dimensions of the tensiontest specimen shall be determined by
38、agreement between themanufacturer and the purchaser. Test bar S is to be usedwhenever the controlling section exceeds 2 in.15. Tension Test15.1 Tension testing shall be determined in accordance withTest Methods E8.15.2 The tension test specimens shall fit the holders of thetesting machine in such a
39、way that the load shall be axial.15.3 The elapsed time from the beginning of loading in thetension test to the instant of fracture shall be not less than 15s for test specimen A and not less than 20 s for test specimensBorC.16. Description of a Lot16.1 The manufacturer may define a lot as any of the
40、following:16.1.1 A lot size may be established by agreement betweenthe manufacturer and the purchaser.16.1.2 Absent such an agreement as described in 16.1.1,alot shall be a group of castings weighing less than 2000 lb (910kg) each when the total weight of the group does not exceed8000 lb (3600 kg) a
41、nd when poured continuously within 4 hfrom the same melt and from consecutive charges of essentiallythe same percentages and types of materials.17. Special Requirements17.1 When agreed upon in writing by the manufacturer andthe purchaser, it may be necessary for the castings to meetspecial requireme
42、nts as to hardness, chemical composition,microstructure, pressure tightness, radiographic soundness,dimensions, surface finish, etc.Required Features:1. MaterialPermanent molds.2. PositionBars vertical.3. LSee Table 2.4. DSee Table 2.FIG. 1 Suitable Design and Dimensions for Mold for Separately Cast
43、 Cylindrical Test Bars for Gray IronA 823 99 (2008)318. Identification Marking18.1 When the size of the casting permits, each casting shallbear the identifying mark of the manufacturer and the part orpattern number at a location shown on the covering drawing or,if not shown on the drawing, at a loca
44、tion at the discretion ofthe producer.19. Responsibility for Inspection19.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer shall be responsible for carrying out allthe tests and inspections required by this specification, usinghis own or other reliable facilities, and
45、he shall maintaincomplete records of all such tests and inspections. Such recordsshall be available for review by the purchaser.19.1.1 When agreed upon between manufacturer and pur-chaser, tested specimens or unbroken test bars from the samelot shall be saved for a period for 3 months after the date
46、 of thetest report.19.2 The purchaser reserves the right to perform any of theinspections set forth in the specification where such inspectionsare deemed necessary to assure that supplies and servicesconform to the prescribed requirements.20. Rejection and Resubmission20.1 Any castings or lot of cas
47、tings failing to comply withthe requirements of this specification may, where possible, bereprocessed, retested, and reinspected. If the tests and inspec-tions on the reprocessed casting(s) show compliance with thisspecification, the castings shall be acceptable; if they do not,they shall be rejecte
48、d.20.2 If the purchaser should find that a casting or lot ofcastings fails to comply with this specification subsequent toreceipt at his facility, he shall so notify the manufacturerpromptly and in no case later than 6 weeks after receipt of theshipment, stating clearly the basis for rejection.21. C
49、ertification21.1 When specified by the purchasers order or contract, amanufacturers certification or compliance statement that thecasting or lot of castings was made, sampled, tested, andinspected in accordance with this specification, including areport of test results signed by an authorized agent of themanufacturer, shall be furnished at the time of shipment, andsuch certification or compliance statement shall be the basis foracceptance of the casting or lot of castings.22. Preparation for Delivery22.1 Unless otherwise stated in the contract or order,
