1、Designation: A866 09Standard Specification forMedium Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing Steel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A866; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers medium carbon bearing qual-ity steel to be used in the manufacture of anti-friction bearings.1.2 Supplementary requi
3、rements of an optional nature areprovided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered sta
4、ndard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content ofSteelE112 Test
5、Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and ForgingsE1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and CobaltAlloys by Various Combustion and Fusion TechniquesE1077 Test Methods for Es
6、timating the Depth of Decarbur-ization of Steel Specimens2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 683 Part 17: Ball and Roller Bearing Steels3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following information:3.1.1 Quantity (weight or pieces),3.1.2 Grade identification,3.1.3
7、 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.4 Dimensions, and3.1.5 Supplementary requirements, if included.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Process:4.1.1 The steel shall be made by a process that is capable ofproviding a high quality product meeting the requirements ofthis specification.5. Chemical Compo
8、sition and Analysis5.1 Typical examples of chemical composition are shown inTable 1. Other compositions may be specified.5.2 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by thesteel manufacturer in accordance with Test Methods, Practices,and Terminology A751. The chemical composition thus deter-m
9、ined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1for the ordered grade or to other requirements agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and the purchaser.5.3 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser inaccordance with Test Methods, Practices, and TerminologyA751. Permissible variations in
10、product analysis shall be inaccordance with Specification A29/A29M.6. Sizes, Shapes, and Dimensional Tolerances6.1 The physical size and shape of the material shall beagreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.6.2 Dimensional tolerances for hot-rolled or hot-rolled andannealed bars, in s
11、traight lengths or coils, and cold-finishedbars 0.500 in. (12.7 mm) and larger in diameter furnished underthis specification shall conform to the requirements specified inthe latest edition of Specification A29/A29M.6.3 Dimensional tolerances for cold-finished coils for balland roller material shall
12、 be as shown in Table 2.6.4 Coil tolerances also apply to cold-finished straightlengths under 0.500 in. in diameter.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.28 on Bearing Steels
13、.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A866 01. DOI:10.1520/A0866-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Bo
14、ok of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.1*A Summary of Changes section app
15、ears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Quality Tests7.1 The supplier shall be held responsible for the quality ofthe material furnished and shall make the necessary tests toensure this qual
16、ity. The supplier shall be required to report onthe results of the micro-inclusion rating tests detailed below.Quality tests shown in 7.2 through 7.3 are based uponprocedures established in Test Methods E45.7.2 SamplingSamples taken in accordance with the fol-lowing paragraphs shall be obtained from
17、 4 by 4 in. (102 by102 mm) rolled billets or forged sections. Tests may be madeon smaller or larger sections by agreement with the purchaser.A minimum 3 to 1 reduction of rolled billets or forged sectionsis required for strand cast products.7.2.1 For top poured products, a minimum of six samplesrepr
18、esenting the top and bottom of the first, middle, and lastusable ingots shall be examined.7.2.2 For bottom poured products, a minimum of sixsamples shall be examined and they shall represent the top andbottom of three ingots. One ingot shall be taken at randomfrom the first usable plate poured, one
19、ingot, at random, fromthe usable plate poured nearest to the middle of the heat, andone ingot, at random, from the last usable plate poured. Whentwo usable plates constitute a heat, two of the sample ingotsshall be selected from the second usable plate poured. Where asingle usable plate constitutes
20、a heat, any three random ingotsmay be selected. Other methods of sampling shall be as agreedupon by manufacturer and purchaser.7.2.3 For strand cast products, a minimum of six samplesrepresenting the first, middle, and last portion of the heat castshall be examined. At least one sample shall be take
21、n fromeach strand.7.3 Inclusion RatingThe specimens shall be38 by34 in.(9.5 by 19.1 mm) and shall be taken from an area halfwaybetween the center and outside of the billet. The polished faceshall be longitudinal to the direction of rolling. The scale usedfor rating the specimens shall be the Jernkon
22、toret chartdescribed in Test Methods E45, Plate I-r. Fields with sizes ornumbers of all types of inclusions intermediate betweenconfigurations shown on the chart shall be classified as thelesser of the rating number. The worst field of each inclusiontype from each specimen shall be recorded as the r
23、ating for thespecimen. Two thirds of all specimens and at least one fromeach ingot tested, or from the first, middle, and last portion ofthe strands tested, as well as the average of all specimens, shallnot exceed the rating specified in Table 3.8. Grain Size8.1 The grain size shall be from 5 to 8 a
24、s defined in TestMethods E112 (see Plate 4, Austenitic Grain Size in Steels),with occasional grains as large as No. 3 permissible. Materialnot meeting this requirement may be normalized at 1700F(925C) or above, and retested.9. Decarburization and Surface Imperfections9.1 Decarburization and surface
25、imperfections shall notexceed the limits specified in Tables 4 and 5. Decarburizationshall be measured using the microscopical methods describedin Test Methods E1077.10. Microstructure and Hardness10.1 Material may be ordered as hot rolled or thermallytreated. When thermally treated, the acceptance
26、criteria formicrostructure and hardness shall be agreed upon between themanufacturer and the purchaser. No hardness limits shall applyfor as-hot-rolled materials.TABLE 1 Chemical CompositionA,BNumberCName C Mn P (max) S (max) Si Cr Mo V Cu (max) O (max)DAl (max). . . 1030 0.28 to 0.34 0.60 to 0.90 0
27、.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 1040 0.37 to 0.44 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 1050 0.48 to 0.55 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 1541 0.36 to 0.44 1.35 to 1.65 0.025 0.02
28、5 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 1552 0.47 to 0.55 1.20 to 1.50 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4130 0.28 to 0.33 0.40 to 0.60 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4140 0.38 to 0.43 0.75 to 1.00 0.025
29、 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4150 0.48 to 0.53 0.75 to 1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 5140 0.38 to 0.43 0.70 to 0.95 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.70 to 0.90 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 5150 0.48
30、to 0.53 0.70 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.70 to 0.90 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 6150 0.48 to 0.53 0.70 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 . . . 0.15 min 0.30 0.0020 0.050B40 C56E2 0.52 to 0.60 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050B41 56Mn4 0.5
31、2 to 0.60 0.90 to 1.20 0.025 0.015 0.40 max . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050B43 43CrMo4 0.40 to 0.46 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max 0.90 to 1.20 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050AElements not quoted shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser.BIntent
32、ional additions of calcium or calcium alloys for deoxidation or inclusion shape control are not permitted unless specifically approved by the purchaser.CSteels B40, B41, and B43 meet the requirements of ISO 683, Part 17, Second Edition, Table 3.DOxygen content applies to product analysis and shall b
33、e determined in accordance with Test Methods E1019.TABLE 2 Dimensional Tolerances for Cold-Finished CoilsSize, in. (mm) Total Tolerance, in. (mm)Through 0.096 (2.44) 0.002 (0.05)Over 0.096 (2.44) to 0.270 (6.86), incl 0.003 (0.08)Over 0.270 (6.86) to 0.750 (19.1), incl 0.004 (0.10)TABLE 3 Inclusion
34、RatingRating UnitsThin Series Heavy SeriesA2.5 A1.5B2.0 B1.0C0.5 C0.5D1.0 D1.0A866 09211. Inspection11.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers inspectorall reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that thematerial is being produced and furnished in accordance withthis specification. Mil
35、l inspection by the purchaser shall notinterfere unnecessarily with the manufacturers operations. Alltests and inspections shall be made at the place of manufacture,unless otherwise agreed to.12. Certification and Reports12.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,a manufacturers cer
36、tification that the material was manufac-tured and tested in accordance with this specification, togetherwith a report of the test results, shall be furnished at the timeof shipment. Special requirements agreed to at the time ofpurchase must be noted on the certification.SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOn
37、e or more of the supplementary requirements described below apply when included in thepurchasers order or contract. When so included, a supplementary requirement shall have the sameforce as if it were in the body of the specification. Supplementary requirements details not fullydescribed shall be ag
38、reed upon between the purchaser and the supplier, but shall not negate any of therequirements in the body of the specification.S1. Titanium ContentS1.1 The purchaser may specify that the analysis of titaniumbe provided by agreement with the steel manufacturer.S2. Residual ElementsS2.1 The purchaser
39、may specify that the analysis of tita-nium, aluminum, and/or oxygen (Test Methods E1019)beprovided by agreement with the steel manufacturer. Thenumber and location of samples shall be by agreement betweenthe purchaser and the manufacturer.S3. “SAM Inclusion Rating SystemS3.1 The purchaser may specif
40、y that the “SAM inclusionrating described in Method E of Test Methods E45, be used inaddition to the micro-inclusion rating method described in 7.3.S3.2 SamplingSee 7.2.S3.3 LimitsThe “SAM rating for B-type inclusions shallnot exceed fifteen. The “SAM rating for D-type inclusionsshall not exceed ten
41、.S4. Magnetic Particle MethodS4.1 The purchaser may specify that the magnetic particlemethod described below be used in addition to the microinclu-sion rating system described in 6.4. The magnetic particlemethod measures bearing steel cleanliness by evaluating thetotal length of macro-inclusions for
42、 a stated area or per unitarea. Results are commonly expressed in mm/m2.S4.2 SamplingSee 6.2.S4.3 Test specimens shall be straight cylinder quarter sec-tion samples prepared and examined in accordance with themagnetic particle method of Test Methods E45.S4.4 For purposes of calculation, an inclusion
43、 length shallbe taken as the mean length of the length bracket into which itfalls; that is, an inclusion in the116 to18 in. bracket shall betaken as being332 in. in length. The sum of all lengths for eachspecimen shall be determined and expressed as total length perarea inspected. The average total
44、length per area inspected ofall six specimens shall not exceed 200 mm/m2(or equivalent).TABLE 4 Decarburization and Surface Imperfections for Coils and Bars for Balls and RollersSize, in. (mm)Decarburization or Surface Imperfectionsper Side, max, in. (mm)Hot-Rolled orHot-Rolled AnnealedCold-Finished
45、AnnealedThrough 0.250 (6.35) 0.005 (0.13) 0.003 (0.08)Over 0.250 (6.35) to 0.500 (12.7), incl 0.006 (0.15) 0.004 (0.10)Over 0.500 (12.7) to 0.750 (19.1), incl 0.008 (0.20) 0.006 (0.15)Over 0.750 (19.1) to 1.000 (25.4), incl 0.010 (0.25) 0.008 (0.20)TABLE 5 Decarburization and Surface Imperfections f
46、or Bars and TubesSize, in. (mm) Decarburization or Surface Imperfections per Side, max, in. (mm)Hot-Rolled Bars Hot-Rolled Annealed Cold-Finished AnnealedBars Tubes Bars TubesThrough 1.000 (25.4) 0.012 (0.31) 0.015 (0.38) 0.012 (0.31) 0.012 (0.31) 0.010 (0.21)Over 1.000 (25.4) to 2.000 (50.8), incl
47、0.017 (0.43) 0.022 (0.56) 0.020 (0.51) 0.015 (0.38) 0.014 (0.36)Over 2.000 (50.8) to 3.000 (76.2), incl 0.025 (0.64) 0.030 (0.76) 0.030 (0.76) 0.025 (0.64) 0.019 (0.48)Over 3.000 (76.2) to 4.000 (101.6), incl 0.035 (0.89) 0.045 (1.14) 0.035 (0.89) 0.024 (0.61)Over 4.000 (101.6) to 5.000 (127.0), inc
48、l 0.055 (1.40) 0.065 (1.65) 0.040 (1.02) 0.028 (0.71)A866 093S5. Sulfur Requirement for MachinabilityS5.1 The sulfur content shall be 0.0150.030 %.S5.2 The sulfide (TypeA) rating units in Table 2 shall be 3.0thin and 2.0 heavy.S5.3 The manufacturers certification shall state that mate-rial was produ
49、ced to this supplementary requirement whenapplicable.S6. Sample Reduction RatioS6.1 For the sampling described in 7.2, the purchaser mayspecify that the reduction ratio from as-cast section to testsection be provided.S7. Macroetch TestingS7.1 Specimens representative of cross sections of billetsshall be macroetched and rated in accordance with MethodE381 in hydrochloric acid and water (1:1) at a temperature of160 to 180F (71 to 82C). Such specimens shall not exceedS2, R2, C2 of Method E381.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of
