1、Designation: A877/A877M 16Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloys, Chrome-Silicon-Vanadium Alloy Valve Spring Quality1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A877/A877M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of roundand shaped chromium-silicon an
3、d chromium-silicon-vanadiumalloys of steel valve spring wire, uniform in quality and temper,intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springsrequiring high-fatigue properties when used at moderatelyelevated temperatures. It is similar to the grade VD (referencedin EN 10270-2) intended
4、for high fatigue levels. This wire shallbe either in the annealed and cold-drawn or quenched andtempered condition as specified by purchaser.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equival
5、ents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA700 Guide for Packaging, Mark
6、ing, and Loading Methodsfor Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE45
7、Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content ofSteel2.2 European Standard:EN 10270-2 Steel Wire for Mechanical Springs Part 2:Oil-Hardened and Tempered Spring Steel Wire of Unal-loyed and Alloyed Steels.33. Ordering Information3.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specifyall r
8、equirements that are necessary for material under thisspecification. Such requirements are permitted to include, butare not limited to the following:3.1.1 Quantity (mass),3.1.2 Name of material (chromium-silicon alloy steel valvespring quality wire),3.1.3 Dimensions (Table 1 and Section 8),3.1.4 Con
9、dition (Section 6),3.1.5 Packaging (Section 14),3.1.6 Heat analysis report, if requested (5.2),3.1.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Sec-tion 13), and3.1.8 ASTM designation and year of issue.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 20 000-kgquenched and tempered chrom
10、ium-silicon alloy steel valve spring qualitywire, size 6.00 mm in 150-kg coils to A877/A877M dated _, or forinch-pound units, 40 000-lb quenched and tempered chromium-siliconalloy steel valve spring quality wire, size 0.250 in. in 350-lb coils toA877/A877M dated _ .4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Th
11、e steel shall be made by a steel making processcombined with secondary ladle refining that is capable ofsatisfying the inclusion content requirements of this specifica-tion.4.2 The steel shall be continuously cast into blooms androlled into billets.4.3 Billet conditioning shall precede wire rod manu
12、facture.The resulting wire rods shall be of sufficient surface qualitythat when combined with a surface removal operation per-formed prior to or during the wire manufacturing operation theresulting wire shall satisfy the surface condition and decarbur-ization requirements of this specification.4.4 T
13、he finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipeand undue segregation.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.Current edition approved May 1, 2016.
14、 Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A877/A877M 101.DOI: 10.1520/A0877_A0877M-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume inf
15、ormation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from European Committee for Standardization, Rue de Stassart 36,B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
16、700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Chemical Composition5.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemicalcomposition specified in Table 2.5.2 Heat AnalysisEach heat of steel shall be analyzed bythe manufacturer to determine the percentage of elementsprescribed in Table
17、 2. This analysis shall be made from a testspecimen preferably taken during the pouring of the heat.When requested, this shall be reported to the purchaser andshall conform to the requirements of Table 2.5.3 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by thepurchaser from finished wire representing each
18、 heat of steel.The average of all the separate determinations made shall bewithin the limits specified in the analysis column. Individualdeterminations may vary to the extent shown in the productanalysis tolerance column, except that the several determina-tions of a single element in any one heat sh
19、all not vary bothabove and below the specified range.5.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A751 shall be used.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Annealed and Cold DrawnWhen purchased in theannealed and cold-drawn condition, the wire shall have beengiven a sufficient amount of co
20、ld working to meet the purchas-ers coiling requirements and shall be in a suitable condition torespond properly to heat treatment. In special cases thehardness, if desired, shall be stated in the purchase order.6.2 Quenched and TemperedWhen purchased in thequenched and tempered condition, the tensil
21、e strength andreduction of area (% R.A.) shall conform to the requirementsprescribed in Table 3, Table 4,orTable 5. Percent reduction ofthe area (% R.A.) is not applicable to wire diameters under2.0 mm 0.080 in.6.2.1 Tensile Strength of Shaped and Flat Rolled WireTensile strength of shaped and flat
22、rolled wires shall conform tothese tables based on the conversion to equivalent rounddimensions. Percent reduction of area is not applicable to flatrolled wires.NOTE 2Equivalent round definition: The cross sectional area ofshaped wires converted to the round wire diameter.6.2.2 Tensile Strength Vari
23、ationIn addition, the maximumtensile variation in a coil shall be 70 MPa 10.15 ksi.6.2.3 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be takenfrom each end of every coil in a lot. Each heat in a given lotshall be tested.NOTE 3Any specimen breaking in the tensile grips shall be discardedand a new specimen
24、tested if the specified mechanical properties are notachieved. If breakage in the tensile grips prevents conformance to percentreduction in area requirements, conformance to the wrap test (see 6.3)shall suffice.6.2.4 Location of TestsTest specimens shall be taken fromboth ends of the coil.6.2.5 Test
25、 MethodThe tension test shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370. Forshaped wires, cross sectional area shall be calculated by eitherusing the procedure in Test Methods E8 (Subsection 7.2.2) foruniform but nonsymmetrical cross-sections, or by measuringwidth and thickness and
26、 multiplying by a shape factor. Reduc-tion of area for shaped wires shall be calculated by using thisshape factor. Measure the maximum and minimum dimensionon the necked down section and multiply by the shape factor toestimate the cross sectional area for use in the standardreduction of area calcula
27、tion.6.2.5.1 Upon agreement between purchaser and supplier,the shape factor for the design provided by the wire mill shallbe permissible to be adopted for use. In other situations if theshape factor is not available from the wire mill, the shapefactor shall be calculated by measuring the cross secti
28、onal areain accordance with Test Methods E8 and dividing by the widthand thickness.6.3 Wrap Test:6.3.1 Grade ARound quenched and tempered or colddrawn wire 4.00 mm 0.157 in. or smaller in diameter shallwrap on itself as an arbor without breakage. Larger diameterwire up to and including 8.00 mm 0.315
29、 in. in diameter shallwrap without breakage on a mandrel twice the wire diameter.The wrap test is not applicable to wire over 8.00 mm0.315 in. in diameter or to shaped and flat rolled wires.6.3.2 Grades B, C, or DRound of quenched and temperedwire 4.00 mm 0.1575 in. or smaller in diameter shall wrap
30、 ona mandrel twice the diameter without breakage. Larger diam-eter wire up to and including 8.00 mm 0.315 in. shall wrapwithout breakage on a mandrel three times the wire diameter.The wrap test is not applicable to wire over 8.00 mm0.315 in. in diameter or to shaped and flat rolled wires.6.3.3 Numbe
31、r of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a givenlot shall be tested.6.3.4 Location of TestsTest specimens shall be taken fromeither end of the coil.6.3.5 Test MethodThe wrap test shall be made in accor-dance with Test Methods and Defi
32、nitions A370.6.4 Special Surface InspectionThe entire length of everycoil shall be inspected for surface imperfections with a rotatingand stationary probe eddy current defect analyzer, or equiva-lent system. Imperfections deeper than 0.04 mm 0.0016 in.shall be properly marked so the purchaser has th
33、e ability toidentify and discard that length of wire; other depths may beagreed upon. Number of allowable marks per coil, shall beTABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Wire DiameterASI UnitsDiameter, mm Permissible Varia-tions, mmPermissible Out-ofRound, mm0.5 to 2.0, incl 0.02 0.02Over 2.0 to 4.0, incl
34、 0.03 0.03Over 4.0 to 9.5, incl 0.04 0.04Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter, in. Permissible Varia-tions, in.Permissible Out-ofRound, in.0.020 to 0.075, incl 0.0008 0.0008Over 0.075 to 0.148, incl 0.001 0.001Over 0.148 to 0.375, incl 0.0015 0.0015AFor purposes of determining conformance with this specificatio
35、n, all specifiedlimits are absolute as defined in recommended Practice E29.A877/A877M 162agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Thistest is not applicable to wire sizes below 2.5 mm 0.098 in.NOTE 4Inspection of certain cross sectional shapes may not betechnically feasible.7. Metallu
36、rgical Requirements7.1 Surface Condition:7.1.1 The surface of the wire as received shall be free ofimperfections such as pits, die marks, scratches, seams, andother defects tending to impair the fatigue value of the springs.7.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be takenfrom each end of every
37、coil.7.1.3 Test MethodThe surface shall be examined afteretching in a solution of equal parts of hydrochloric acid andwater that has been heated to approximately 80C for up to2 min in order to remove the oxide scale layer from the wiresurface. Test ends shall be examined using 10 magnification.7.2 D
38、ecarburization:7.2.1 Transverse sections of the wire properly mounted,polished, and etched shall show no completely decarburized(carbon-free) areas when examined at a magnification of 100diameters. Partial decarburization shall not exceed a depth of0.025 mm 0.0010 in. on wire 5.00 mm 0.197 in. andsm
39、aller, or 0.038 mm 0.0015 in. on larger than 5.00 mm0.197 in.NOTE 5There are certain situations (in other words, where a minimumresidual stress value after shot peening is specified, or a minimum surfaceTABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsAnalysis, %Grade A Chromium-SiliconGrade B Chromium-Silicon-Vanadium
40、Grade C Chrome-Silicon-Nickel-VanadiumGrade D Chrome-Silicon- Molybdenum-VanadiumProduct AnalysisTolerance, %Carbon 0.510.59 0.550.70 0.500.70 0.500.70 0.02Manganese 0.500.80 0.500.80 0.701.00 0.300.60 0.04Phosphorus 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.020 max 0.005Sulfur 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0
41、.020 max 0.005Silicon 1.201.60 1.201.65 1.802.20 1.802.20 0.05Chromium 0.600.80 0.500.80 0.851.05 0.801.00 0.03A/ 0.05BVanadium . . . 0.080.25 0.050.15 0.050.15 0.02Nickel . . . . . . 0.200.40 . . . 0.03Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . 0.050.15 0.01AProduct Analysis Tolerance for Grade A and B is 0.03 %
42、.BProduct Analysis Tolerance for GradeC chromium-silicon; valve spring; wireSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A877/A877M 101) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2016.)(1) Revised Table 2 to re
43、-insert the product analysis tolerancesthat were present in A877/A877M-05 and dropped in subse-quent revision.(2) Added language about surface removal of wire rod to newSubsection 4.3.(3) Added decarburization note (Note 5).(4) Added additional grades C and D.(5) Revised Subsection 6.2.5 and added n
44、ew Subsection 6.2.5.1to add ductility requirement for shaped wires and reference totest procedure for determining cross sectional area for shapedwires.(6) Revised Subsection 6.4 to change eddy current language tomake eddy current testing for round wires above a certain sizemandatory.(7) Changed foot
45、note A in Tables 3-5 from “may be inter-polated” to “shall be interpolated.”(8) Added Note 4.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinati
46、on of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdr
47、awn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your
48、comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single
49、 or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 6 Maximum Inclusion ContentNOTE 1The surface zone is from the wire surface to13 ra
