1、Designation: A985/A985M 16A985/A985M 18Standard Specification forSteel Investment Castings General Requirements, forPressure-Containing Parts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A985/A985M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that are mandatory for st
3、eel castings produced by the investmentcasting process for pressure-containing parts under each of the following ASTM Specifications:Title of Specification ASTM DesignationSteel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, A216/A216Mfor High-Temperature ServiceSteel Castings, Martensitic Stainless
4、 and Alloy, for A217/A217MPressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature ServiceCastings, Austenitic, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex), A351/A351MCastings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing A351/A351Mfor Pressure-Containing PartsPartsSteel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure- A3
5、52/A352MContaining Parts, Suitable for Low-TemperatureServiceSteel Castings, Alloy, Specially Heat-Treated, for A389/A389MPressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature ServiceSteel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service A487/A487MCastings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, Spe-ciall
6、y Controlled for Pressure Retaining Parts forCorrosive ServiceA990/A990MCastings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, Spe-cially Controlled for Pressure-Retaining Parts forCorrosive ServiceA990/A990MCastings, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Stainless Steel, forPressure-Containing PartsA995/A995M1.2
7、 This specification also covers a group of supplementary requirements, which may be applied to the above specifications asindicated therein. These requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired and apply only whenspecified individually by the purchaser in the orde
8、r.1.3 When investment casting is ordered, the requirements of this specification shall take precedence over the individual materialspecification requirements.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may no
9、t be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsib
10、ilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standard
11、izationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel
12、and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18on Castings.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016May 15, 2018. Published December 2016May 2018. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20142016 asA985/A985M 14.A985/A985M 16. DOI: 10.1520/A0985_A0985M-16
13、. 10.1520/A0985_A0985M-18.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends th
14、at users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
15、Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature ServiceA217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Pa
16、rts, Suitable forHigh-Temperature ServiceA351/A351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing PartsA352/A352M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for Low-Temperature ServiceA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mec
17、hanical Testing of Steel ProductsA380A380/A380M Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and SystemsA389/A389M Specification for Steel Castings, Alloy, Specially Heat-Treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forHigh-Temperature ServiceA487/A487M
18、Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure ServiceA488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and PersonnelA609/A609M Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examination ThereofA751 Test Methods, Practices, a
19、nd Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA800/A800M Practice for Steel Casting, Austenitic Alloy, Estimating Ferrite Content ThereofA903/A903M Specification for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Magnetic Particle and Liquid PenetrantInspectionA941 Terminology Relating to Ste
20、el, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and FerroalloysA967A967/A967M Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel PartsA990/A990M Specification for Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and NickelAlloys, Specially Controlled for Pressure-RetainingParts for Corrosive ServiceA991/A991M
21、 Test Method for Conducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel ProductsA995/A995M Specification for Castings, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-Containing PartsA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsMetricA1067A1067/A1067M
22、 Specification for Test Coupons for Steel CastingsA1080 Practice for Hot Isostatic Pressing of Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloy CastingsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE94E94/E94M Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Ind
23、ustrial Radiographic FilmE125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indications on Ferrous CastingsE165E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412 in. (50.8 to 114 mm) Steel CastingsE192 Reference Radiographs of
24、 Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace ApplicationsE208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic SteelsE280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to 12 in. (114 to 305 mm) Steel CastingsE340 Practice for Macroetching Metals and
25、 AlloysE353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-IronAlloysE354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron, Nickel, andCobalt AlloysE446 Reference Radiographs for Steel C
26、astings Up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in ThicknessE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE2660 Digital Reference Images for Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace Applications2.2 ANSI Standard:3B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings2.3 ASME Standard:4ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, NB-
27、25462.4 Standards of the ManufacturersManufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fitting Industry:5MSS SP 53 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components(Magnetic Particle Exam Method)2 For referencedASTM standards, visit t
28、heASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York,
29、NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5 Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE
30、, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.A985/A985M 182MSS SP 54 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components (RadiographicExamination Method)2.5 SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice:6ARP 1341 Determining Decarburization and Carburization in Finished
31、Parts of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions in Test Methods and Definitions A370, Terminology A941, and Test Methods A1058 areapplicable to this specification and those listed in 1.1.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heat, nall the molten m
32、etal poured from a single furnace, or all of the molten metal from two or more furnaces, pouredinto a single ladle or casting prior to the replenishing of the furnace(s).3.2.2 investment casting, na metal casting that is produced in a mold obtained by investing (surrounding) an expendablepattern wit
33、h a ceramic slurry, which is allowed to solidify. The expendable pattern may consist of wax, plastic, or other material,and is removed prior to filling the mold with liquid metal.3.2.3 master heat, na single furnace charge of alloy that may be either poured directly into castings or into remelt allo
34、y forindividual melts.3.2.4 subheat,sub-heat, na portion of master heat remelted with only minor additions for deoxidation for pouring intocastings. Syn. Synonymsmelt,production heat.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 When the purchaser imposes the requirements of this specification, the manufacturer i
35、s responsible for compliance with thespecification requirements during the production and processing of the casting by themselves and any of their subcontractors.4.2 Melting ProcessMaster heats shall be made by the electric furnace process, with or without separate refining such asargon-oxygen-decar
36、burization (AOD), vacuum-oxygen-degassing (VOD), vacuum-induction-melting (VIM), and so forth, unlessotherwise specified in the individual specification or agreed upon between the customer and producer. Master heats may be useddirectly for producing castings or converted into ingot, bar, shot, or ot
37、her suitable form, not including gates and risers from castingproduction, for later remelting as a subheat.sub-heat.4.3 Re-Melting ProcessSubheatsSub-heats shall be produced from master heat metal in suitable batch sizes by electricinduction furnace, with or without atmosphere protection, such as va
38、cuum or inert gas, unless otherwise agreed upon between thecustomer and producer. Revert (gates, sprues, risers, and rejected castings) shall not be remelted except in master heats.4.4 Heat Treatment:4.4.1 Ferritic and martensitic steel shall be cooled after pouring to provide substantially complete
39、 transformation of austeniteprior to heat treatment to enhance mechanical properties.4.4.2 Castings shall be heat treated in the working zone of a furnace that has been surveyed in accordance with Test MethodA991/A991M.4.4.2.1 When castings are heat treated at temperatures above 2000 F 1100 C, then
40、the working zone shall have beenestablished by a survey performed at not more than 25 F 15 C below nor more than 200 F 110 C above the minimum heattreatment temperature specified for the grade. If a minimum heat treatment temperature is not specified for the grade, then thesurvey temperature shall b
41、e not more than 50 F 30 C below nor more than 175 F 100 C above the furnace set point used.4.4.2.2 The maximum variation in measured temperature, as determined by the difference between the highest temperature andthe lowest temperature, shall be as agreed between the purchaser and producer except th
42、at during production heat treatment, noportion of the furnace shall be below the minimum specified temperature nor above the maximum specified temperature for thegrade being processed.4.5 Sampling:4.5.1 If castings are poured directly from one or more master heats, then the samples for chemical and
43、other required testingalso shall be poured directly from each of the master heats.4.5.2 If castings are poured from a subheat,sub-heat, then the samples for chemical and other required testing also shall bepoured from a subheatsub-heat of that same master heat, but not necessarily from the same subh
44、eatsub-heat as the castings. Thesubheatsub-heat used for the test samples shall be produced using the same melting practices and additions as used to produce thecastings.4.5.3 Test specimens may be taken from castings or from coupons cast either integrally with the castings, in the same moldsas the
45、castings, or in separate molds.6 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.A985/A985M 1834.5.4 Separately cast coupons for other than chemical analysis shall be cast in molds of the same material as those used for thecast
46、ings, as shown in Specification A1067A1067/A1067M, Figs. 14, except when Supplementary Requirement S26 is specified.The test coupon in Specification A1067A1067/A1067M, Fig. 4 shall be employed only for austenitic alloy castings with crosssections less than 212 in. 65 mm.74.5.5 Coupons for chemical a
47、nalysis may be chill cast.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Chemical AnalysisChemical analysis of materials covered by this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods,Practices, and Terminology A751.5.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of samples obtained in accordance with 4.5 or Supplementary Require
48、ment S29, as appropriate,shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements specified for the grade being poured. Whendrillings are used, they shall be taken not less than 116 in. 1.6 mm beneath the surface. The chemical composition thus determinedshall be reported to the
49、 purchaser, or his representative, and shall conform to the requirements in the individual specification forthe grade being poured.5.3 Product AnalysisA product analysis may be made by the purchaser from material representing each master heat,subheat,sub-heat, lot, or casting. The analysis shall be made on representative material. Samples for carbon analysis shall be takenno closer than 116 in. 1.6 mm to a cast surface, except that castings too thin for this shall be analyzed on representative material.The chemical compo
