1、Designation: A990/A990M 14aA990/A990M 18Standard Specification forCastings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, SpeciallyControlled for Pressure Retaining Pressure-Retaining Partsfor Corrosive Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A990/A990M; the number immediately followin
2、g the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification
3、covers iron-nickel-chromium and nickel alloy castings specially processed with restricted melt practices,weldability testing, and nondestructive examination (NDE) requirements.1.2 A number of grades of iron-nickel-chromium and nickel alloy castings are included in this specification. Since these gra
4、despossess varying degrees of suitability for service in corrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to determinewhich grade shall be furnished. Selection will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical properties, andcorrosion-resistant characteristics.1.3 The values
5、stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformancenonconformance wit
6、h the standard.1.3.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contractspecifies the applicable M specification M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. Within the text,the SI units are shown in br
7、ackets or parentheses.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of re
8、gulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Org
9、anization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A351/A351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing PartsA488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and PersonnelA494/A494M Specification for Cas
10、tings, Nickel and Nickel AlloyA703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing PartsA743/A743M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for GeneralApplicationA744/A744M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Ni
11、ckel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe ServiceA802/A802M Practice for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Visual ExaminationA903/A903M Specification for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Magnetic Particle and Liquid PenetrantInspectionA985/A985M Specification for Steel Investmen
12、t Castings General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing PartsE94E94/E94M Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic FilmE165E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, St
13、ainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18on Castings.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014May 1, 2018. Published November 2014May 2018. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2014 asA990/A990M 14.A990/A990M 14a. DOI: 10.1520/A0990
14、_A0990M-14A.10.1520/A0990_A0990M-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an A
15、STM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In
16、all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E186 Ref
17、erence Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412 in. (50.8 to 114 mm) Steel CastingsE272 Reference Radiographs for High-Strength Copper-Base and Nickel-Copper Alloy CastingsE280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to 12 in. (114 to 305 mm) Steel CastingsE446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Cast
18、ings Up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in Thickness2.2 AWS Standards:3AWS A5.4,A5.4 Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc WeldingAWS A5.9,A5.9 Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and RodsAWS A5.11/A5.11M,A5.11/A5.11M Specification for Nickel and Nickel Alloy N
19、ickel-Alloy Welding Electrodes for ShieldedMetal Arc WeldingAWS A5.14/A5.14M, A5.14/A5.14M Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and Rods2.3 ASME/ANSI Standard:4ASME/ANSI B16.34,B16.34 Valves-Flanged,ValvesFlanged, Threaded, and Welding End3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of
20、 Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 accessible surface, nsurface that can be welded on without cutting access holes in the casting.3.1.2 refined ingot, nmetal processed by argon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD) or vacuum-oxygen-decarburization (VOD)and cast to a size and shape suitable for remelting.
21、3.1.3 revert, ngates, risers, and castings. Also includes scrapped machinery and fabricated items, chips, and turnings.4. General Conditions for Delivery4.1 Other than investment castings, material furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of SpecificationA703/A703M, includin
22、g any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with thegeneral requirements of Specification A703/A703M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict betweenthe requirements of this specification and Specification A703/A703M, th
23、is specification shall prevail.4.2 Investment CastingsInvestment Castings Material Material furnished to this specification shall conform to therequirements of Specification A985/A985M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order.Failure to comply with the gener
24、al requirements of Specification A985/A985M constitutes nonconformance with this specification.In case of conflict between the requirements of this specification and Specification A985/A985M, Specification A985/A985M shallprevail.3 Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 8669 NW 36 Street, #1
25、30, Miami, FL 33166-6672, http:/www.aws.org.4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElement, %(max, except where range is given) GradeCK3MCuN CW-2M CN3MC
26、u M35-1 CW2MC N2MC 0.025 0.020 0.030 0.35 0.020 0.020Mn 1.20 1.00 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00Si 0.75 0.80 1.00 1.25 0.45 0.80P 0.020 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.015 0.030S 0.010 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015Mo 6.0-7.0 15.0-17.5 2.0-3.0 . . . 8.0-10.0 30.0-33.0Mo 6.07.0 15.017.5 2.03.0 . . . 8.010.0 30.033.0Fe balan
27、ce 2.00 balance 3.5 5.0 3.00Ni 17.5-19.5 balance 27.5-30.5 Balance Balance BalanceNi 17.519.5 balance 27.530.5 Balance Balance BalanceCr 19.5-20.5 15.0-17.5 19.0-22.0 . . . 20.0-23.0 1.00Cr 19.520.5 15.017.5 19.022.0 . . . 20.023.0 1.00N 0.18-0.24N 0.180.24Cu 0.50-1.00 . . . 3.0-3.5 26.0-33.0 0.50 0
28、.20Cu 0.501.00 . . . 3.03.5 26.033.0 0.50 0.20W 1.00 . . . . . . 0.50 0.20V . . . . . . . . . 0.20 0.20Cb . . . . . . . . . 3.1-4.5 . . .Cb . . . . . . . . . 3.14.5 . . .A990/A990M 1825. Ordering Information5.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary
29、for material ordered to thisspecification. Such requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following:5.1.1 Quantity.5.1.2 Grade designation (Table 1).5.1.3 Description of the casting by pattern number or drawing. Dimensional tolerances should be included on the castingdrawing.5.1.4 Nondes
30、tructive inspection class required (Table 2). Class D will be supplied unless otherwise specified.5.1.5 Wetted surfaces (Table 2).5.2 The purchaser shall specify any supplementary requirements desired, including standards of acceptance, required to describeadequately describe the desired material.6.
31、 Process and Manufacture6.1 Alloys, except for nickel base, 25 to 35 % Cu alloys, shall be made by one of the two following processes:6.1.1 Electric arc or induction furnace melting followed by AOD or VOD refining, or6.1.2 Electric induction furnace melting of refined ingot.6.2 Nickel base alloys wi
32、th 25 to 35 % Cu shall be made by 6.1.1 or 6.1.2 or by electric furnace.6.3 Additions of up to 5 % are permitted for compositional adjustments and deoxidation.6.4 Revert shall not be used.7. Chemical Composition7.1 These alloys shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed in Tab
33、le 1. An analysis of every heat isrequired.TABLE 2 Nondestructive Examination RequirementsMaximum Casting Thickness ClassVisual Examination, PracticeA802/A802M Minimum Ac-ceptance LevelRadiographic Examination,Guide E94Number of CastingsSeverity Level per Table 6Liquid Penetrant Examination, Test Me
34、thod E165Maximum Casting Thick-ness Class Visual Examination,Liquid Penetrant Examination, Practice E165/E165MCoverageMinimum Acceptance Levelper SpecificationA903/A903Mless than 58 in. (15.9 mm) A Level I 100 % All accessible surfaces Level IIless than 58 in. 15.9 mm A Level I 100 % All accessible
35、surfaces Level IIB Level II 100 % All accessible wetted sur-facesLevel IIC Level II Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level IID Level II Initial casting off pattern NA NA58 to 1 in. (15.9 to 25.4 mm) A Level I 100 % All accessible surfaces Level III58 to 1 in. 15.9 to 25.4 mm A Level I 100 %
36、All accessible surfaces Level IIIB Level II 100 % All accessible wetted sur-facesLevel IIIC Level II Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level IIID Level II Initial casting off pattern NA NAOver 1 to 2 in. (25.4 to 50.8 mm) A Level I 100 % All accessible surfaces Level IVOver 1 to 2 in. 25.4 to
37、 50.8 mm A Level I 100 % All accessible surfaces Level IVB Level II 100 % All accessible wetted sur-facesLevel IVC Level II Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level IVD Level II Initial casting off pattern NA NAOver 2 to 4 12 in. (50.8 to 114 mm) A Level II 100 % All accessible surfaces Level
38、IVOver 2 to 4 12 in. 50.8 to 114 mm A Level II 100 % All accessible surfaces Level IVB Level II 100 % All accessible wetted sur-facesLevel IVC Level III Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level VD Level III Initial casting off pattern NA NAOver 4 12 in. (114 mm) A Level III 100 % All accessibl
39、e surfaces Level VOver 4 12 in. 114 mm A Level III 100 % All accessible surfaces Level VB Level III 100 % All accessible wetted sur-facesLevel VC Level IV Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level VD Level IV Initial casting off pattern NA NAA990/A990M 1838. Tensile Properties8.1 One tension te
40、st shall be made from each heat. Test results shall conform to the tensile requirements specified in Table 3.The bar shall be solution heat treated per the requirements of Table 4 in production furnaces to the same procedure as the castingsit represents. If the casting grade does not require heat tr
41、eatment, the bar used for the test specimen shall not be heat treated.9. Weldability Qualification9.1 Each heat shall be qualified by weldability testing.9.2 Sampling:9.2.1 The weldability test plate shall be cast in accordance with Fig. 1.9.2.2 For heats produced under 6.1.1, at least one weldabili
42、ty test plate shall be cast from each heat.9.2.3 For heats produced under 6.1.2, at least one weldability test plate shall be cast from the first heat in an uninterrupted seriesof heats, made in the same furnace from the same heat of refined ingot using the same melting procedure, and shall qualify
43、all ofthe subsequent heats in that series made in the same shift.TABLE 3 Tensile RequirementsGradeCK3MCuN CW-2M CN3MCu M35-1 CW2MC N2MTensile strength, min,ksi MPa8055072495624256545070485765250.2 % offset yieldstrength, min, ksiMPa382604027525170251704027540275Elongation in 2 in. 50mm, min, %A35 20
44、 35 25 25 20A When ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as provided for in Specification A985/A985M, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4 to 1.A990/A990M 184TABLE 4 Heat Treat RequirementsGrade Heat TreatmentCK3MCuN Heat to 2200 to 2265F (1205 to 1240C) for one hour atte
45、mperature/1 in. (25 mm) of thickness with a minimum of 4hours. Quench in water.ACK3MCuN Heat to 2200 to 2265 F 1205 to 1240 C for 1 h attemperature/1 in. 25 mm of thickness with a minimum of 4 h.Quench in water.ACW-2M Heat to 2225 to 2300F 1220 to 1260C for a minimum of 1 h attemperature/1 in. 25 mm
46、 of thickness. Quench in water.ACW-2M Heat to 2225 to 2300 F 1220 to 1260 C for a minimum of 1 hat temperature/1 in. 25 mm of thickness. Quench in water.ACN3MCu Heat to 2050F 1120C min for a min of 1 h at temperature/1 in.25 mm of thickness. Quench in water.ACN3MCu Heat to 2050 F 1120 C min for a mi
47、n of 1 h at temperature/1 in. 25 mm of thickness. Quench in water.AM35-1 As-castCW2MC Heat to 2175F 1190C min for a min of 2 h at temperature or amin of 1 h/1 in. 25 mm of thickness whichever is greater.Quench in water.ACW2MC Heat to 2175 F 1190 C min for a min of 2 h at temperature ora min of 1 h/1
48、 in. 25 mm of thickness, whichever is greater.Quench in water.AN2M Heat to 2080F 1140C min for a min of 2 h at temperature + 1h/ 1 in. 25 mm of thickness. Quench in water.AN2M Heat to 2080 F 1140 C min for a min of 2 h at temperature +1 h 1 in. 25 mm of thickness. Quench in water.AA Quench in water
49、or rapid cool by other means as agreed upon by themanufacturer and purchaser.(a)Metric Equivalentsin. 14 38 34 1 18 2 34 3 14 6mm 5 10 20 30 70 85 155NOTEMay be used with the purchasers approval when the molding processmakes it impractical to cast the cavity into the test plate.(b)Metric Equivalentsin. 14 38 34 1 18 3 14 6mm 5 10 20 30 85 155FIG. 1 (a) Weldability Test Plate (b) Optional Weldability T
