1、Designation: B 393 05Standard Specification forNiobium and Niobium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 393; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers five grades of wrought nio-bium and niobium alloy strip, sheet, and plate as follows:NOTE 1Committee B10 h
3、as adopted “niobium” as the designation forElement No. 41, formerly named “columbium.”1.1.1 R04200-Type 1Reactor grade unalloyed niobium,1.1.2 R04210-Type 2Commercial grade unalloyed nio-bium,1.1.3 R04251-Type 3Reactor grade niobium alloy con-taining 1 % zirconium, and1.1.4 R04261-Type 4Commercial g
4、rade niobium alloycontaining 1 % zirconium.1.1.5 R0xxxx-Type 5RRR grade pure niobium.NOTE 2This grade of niobium is used in superconducting applicationsthat require the ultra high purity. Because of the high purity the product isconducive to very large grains that can adversely affect formability. I
5、t isnot recommended for other applications.1.2 Except for dimensional tolerances in Table 1, the valuesstated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portio
6、n of this specification. This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use
7、.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 391 Specification for Niobium and Niobium Alloy IngotsE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specif
8、ic to This Standard:3.1.1 lot, na lot shall consist of all material produced fromthe same ingot at one time, with the same cross section,processed with the same nominal metallurgical parameters andheat treated at the same conditions.3.1.2 plate, na flat product 6 in. (152.4 mm) or more inwidth and g
9、reater than316 in. (4.76 mm) in thickness.3.1.3 sheet, na flat product 6 in. (152.4 mm) or more inwidth and from 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) to316 in. (4.76 mm) inthickness.3.1.4 strip, na flat product, which may be supplied in coil,less than 6 in. (152.4 mm) in width and from 0.005 in. (0.13mm) to316 in. (
10、4.76 mm) in thickness.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for materials under this specification shall in-clude the following information as applicable:4.1.1 Type and grade (Section 1),4.1.2 ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.3 Quantity in weight, number of pieces, and dimensions,4.1.4 Chemistry (
11、6.3),4.1.5 Temper designation (Section 8),4.1.6 Permissible overshipment (9.3),4.1.7 Quality and finish (10.3),4.1.8 Sampling (11.2),4.1.9 Inspection (Section 15),4.1.10 Required reports (Section 17),4.1.11 Marking (Section 18), and4.1.12 Additions to the specification and supplementaryrequirements,
12、 as required.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Material covered by this specification shall be madefrom ingots that conform to Specification B 391 and that areproduced by vacuum or plasma arc melting, vacuum electron-beam melting, or a combination of these three methods.1This specification is under th
13、e jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.03 on Niobium and Tantalum.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as B 393 - 03.
14、2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
15、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 The various niobium mill products covered by thisspecification are formed with the conventional extrusion,forging, swaging, rolling, and drawing equipment normallyavailable in metal working plants.6. Chemical and Hardness Requirements Chemica
16、l andHardness Requirements6.1 The niobium and niobium alloy ingots and billets forconversion to finished products covered by this specificationshall conform to the requirements for chemical compositionand hardness as prescribed in Table 2 and Table 3.6.2 The manufacturers ingot analysis shall be con
17、sideredthe chemical analysis for products supplied under this specifi-cation, except for interstitials as specified in 6.3.6.3 When requested by the purchaser at the time of pur-chase, the manufacturer shall furnish a report certifying thevalues of the interstitial elements (C, O, N, H) as prescribe
18、d inTable 4 for each lot of material supplied.7. Mechanical Requirements7.1 The annealed materials supplied under this specificationshall conform to the requirements for mechanical properties asspecified in Table 5.8. Temper Designations8.1 Unless otherwise stated, the materials supplied underthese
19、specifications shall be in the fully annealed condition,that is, at least 90 % recrystallized.8.2 Other temper designations, such as cold-worked temperor stress-relieved temper, can be specified as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the manufacturer at the time ofpurchase.9. Permissible Variations
20、 in Dimensions and Weight9.1 Tolerances for thickness, width, and length for flat-rolled products covered by this specification shall be asprescribed in Table 1.9.2 Flatness tolerance for sheet and plate products suppliedunder this specification shall be a maximum of 6 % (2 % forRRR grade sheet and
21、strip) as determined by the followingequation (see Fig. 1):Flatness, % 5 H/L! 3 100(1)where:H = maximum vertical distance between a flat referenceand the lower surface of the sheet, andL = minimum horizontal distance between the highestpoint on a sheet and the point of contact with a flatreference s
22、urface. (Fig. 1 is included to illustrate themethod for taking measurements for calculation ofsheet flatness. However, a value of H less than132 in.(0.070 mm) shall not be cause for rejection.)9.3 Quantity or WeightFor orders requiring up to 100 lb(45.4 kg) of finished product, the manufacturer may
23、overshipby 20 %. When the order is for quantities up to 1000 lb (453.6TABLE 1 Dimensional Tolerances for Niobium Flat-Rolled ProductsThickness of Material,in. (mm) in lower tableTolerance on ThicknessAplus orminus, in. (mm) in lower tableTolerance on Width (slit)Bplus orminus, in.(mm) in lower table
24、Tolerance on Sheared Lengths, in. (mm)Width under 6 in.or 152.4 mmWidth6to24in.or 152.4 to609.6 mmWidth under 6 in.or 152.4 mmWidth6to24in.or 152.4 to609.6 mmLength 12 in. or 304.8 mmand underLength over 12 in. or 304.8 mmPlus Minus Plus MinusInches0.005 to 0.010 excl 0.0005 0.001 0.012 .116 0332 00
25、.010 to 0.015 excl 0.0007 0.001 0.015 0.015116 0332 00.015 to 0.020 excl 0.0008 0.0015 0.015 0.015116 0332 00.020 to 0.030 excl 0.0015 0.0025 0.020 0.025116 0332 00.030 to 0.060 excl 0.0025 0.0035 0.025 0.030116 0332 00.060 to 0.090 excl 0.004 0.005 0.025 0.035116 0332 00.090 to 0.125 excl 0.006 0.0
26、07 . .116 0332 00.125 to 0.187 excl 0.010 0.010 . .116 0332 00.187 to 0.250 excl 0.015 0.015 . .18 0532 00.250 to 0.312 excl 0.020 0.020 . .18 0532 00.312 to 0.375 excl 0.025 0.025 . .316 0732 0Millimetres0.13 to 0.254 excl 0.013 0.025 0.30 . 1.59 0 2.38 00.254 to 0.381 excl 0.018 0.025 0.38 0.38 1.
27、59 0 2.38 00.381 to 0.508 excl 0.020 0.038 0.38 0.38 1.59 0 2.38 00.508 to 0.762 excl 0.038 0.064 0.51 0.64 1.59 0 2.38 00.762 to 1.524 excl 0.064 0.089 0.64 0.76 1.59 0 2.38 01.524 to 2.286 excl 0.102 0.127 0.64 0.89 1.59 0 2.38 02.286 to 3.175 excl 0.15 0.18 . . 1.59 0 2.38 03.175 to 4.75 excl 0.2
28、5 0.25 . . 1.59 0 2.38 04.75 to 6.35 excl 0.38 0.38 . . 3.18 0 3.97 06.35 to 7.925 excl 0.51 0.51 . . 3.18 0 3.97 07.925 to 9.52 excl 0.64 0.64 . . 4.76 0 5.56 0ATolerance on thickness of sheet over 24 in. (610 mm) wide shall be 610 % of the thickness.BTolerance on width of sheared sheet shall be 61
29、16 in. (61.6 mm) and on sheared plate shall be 618 in. (63.2 mm) up to material thickness of 0.375 in. (9.5 mm).B393052kg), the manufacturer may overship by 10 %. The permissibleovershipment shall be negotiated for orders larger than thisquantity.10. Quality and Finish10.1 Finished niobium and niobi
30、um alloy strip, sheet, andplate shall be free of injurious internal and external imperfec-tions of a nature that will interfere with the purpose for whichit was intended. Material may be finished as rolled, as cleaned,or as ground. If shipped as hot-worked, cold-worked, cleaned,or ground, the manufa
31、cturer shall be permitted to removeminor surface imperfections, if such removal does not reducethe dimensions below the minimum permitted by the tolerancesspecified in Table 1.10.2 The finished strip, sheet, or plate shall be visibly free ofoxide, grease, oil, residual lubricants, and other extraneo
32、usmaterials.10.3 Methods of testing for these defects and standards ofacceptability shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturerand the purchaser.11. Sampling11.1 Samples for chemical and mechanical testing shall betaken from the finished material after all metallurgical process-ing to determine
33、 conformity to this specification. The samplesmay be taken prior to final inspection and minor surfaceconditioning by abrasion and pickling shall be representative ofthe finished product.11.2 Care shall be exercised to ensure that the sampleselected for testing is representative of the material and
34、that itis not contaminated by the sampling procedure. If there is anyquestion relating to the sampling technique or the analysisthereof, the methods of sampling and analysis shall be asagreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.12. Number of Tests and Retests12.1 Aminimum of one sample f
35、rom each lot of strip, sheet,or plate shall be tested for tensile properties. For RRR grade,two samples from each lot, one longitudinal and one trans-verse, shall be tested for tensile properties.12.2 If end-product chemical tests are required (6.3), onechemical test shall be made from each lot of f
36、inished product.12.3 RetestsIf any sample or specimen exhibits obvioussurface contamination or improper preparation, disqualifying itas a truly representative sample, it shall be discarded and a newsample or specimen substituted.12.3.1 In case of a failure, retest two additional specimens.If both re
37、test specimens conform to this specification, discardthe original values and consider the material acceptable;otherwise, the lot shall be rejected or reworked and tested.12.4 ReworkIf the results of the final sheet, strip, or plateinspections are not in conformance with the requirements ofthis speci
38、fication, the lot may be reworked at the option of themanufacturer. The lot shall be acceptable if the results of alltests, after reworking, conform to this specification.TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsElementType 1(ReactorGradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04200Type 2(CommercialGradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04210Type 3
39、(ReactorGradeNiobium-1%Zirconium)R04251Type 4(CommercialGradeNiobium-1%Zirconium)R04261Type 5(RRRSuperconductingGrade PureNoobiumR0xxxxMax Weight % (Except Where Otherwise Specified)Each ingot:Carbon 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.0030Nitrogen 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.0030Oxygen 0.015 0.025 0.015 0.025 0.0040Hy
40、drogen 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0005Zirconium 0.02 0.02 0.8 to 1.2(range)0.8to1.2(range)0.010Tantalum 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.1Iron 0.005 0.01 0.005 0.01 0.005Silicon 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005Tungsten 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.007Nickel 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.003Molybdenum 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.050A
41、Hafnium 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02ATitanium 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.005When specified:Boron 2 ppm . 2 ppm .Aluminum 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.005 0.005Beryllium 0.005 . 0.005 .Chromium 0.002 . 0.002 .BCobalt 0.002 . 0.002 .BAThe limits shown below are for information only when the RRR ratio is greater than 260.BTo
42、tal of these metals is 0.005 %.TABLE 3 Brinell HardnessType 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4Maximum average 90 125 125 135Maximum per individual impression 105 150 140 150B39305313. Significance of Numerical Limits13.1 For the purposes of determining compliance with thespecified limits for requirements of the
43、 properties listed in thisspecification, an observed value or a calculated value shall berounded as indicated in accordance with the rounding methodof Practice E29.14. Test Methods14.1 Tension Test Conduct tension tests in accordancewith Test Methods E8. Determine the yield strength by the0.2 % offs
44、et method. Small size, 1-in. (25.4-mm) gage lengthspecimens proportional to the standard specimen can be used.Determine tensile properties using a strain rate of 0.003 to0.007 in./in.min (mm/mmmin) through the yield point. Afterthe yield strength has been exceeded, increase the cross-headspeed to ap
45、proximately 0.02 to 0.05 in./in.min (mm/mmmin)to failure.15. Inspection15.1 If so specified on the purchase order, the purchaser orhis representative may witness the testing and inspection of thematerial at the place of manufacture. In such cases, thepurchaser shall state in his purchase order which
46、 tests hedesires to witness. The manufacturer shall give ample notice tothe purchaser as to the time and place of the designated test. Ifthe purchasers representative does not present himself at theagreed-upon time for the testing, and if no new date is set, themanufacturer shall consider the requir
47、ement for purchasersinspection at the place of manufacture to be waived. When theinspector representing the purchaser does appear at the ap-pointed place and time, the manufacturer shall afford him allreasonable facilities to see that the material is being furnishedin accordance with this specificat
48、ion. This inspection shall beconducted so as not to interfere unnecessarily with productionoperations.16. Rejection and Rehearing16.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writi
49、ng. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.16.2 In the event of disagreement between the manufacturerand the purchaser about the conformance of the material to therequirements of this specification or any special test specifiedby the purchaser, a mutually acceptable referee shall performthe tests in question. The results of the referees testing shall beused in determining conformance of the material to thisspecification.17. Certification17.1 When specified in the
