1、Designation: B393 091Standard Specification forNiobium and Niobium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B393; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial corrections were made throughout in January 2010.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers five grades of wrought nio-bium and niobium
3、alloy strip, sheet, and plate as follows:1.1.1 R04200-Type 1Reactor grade unalloyed niobium,1.1.2 R04210-Type 2Commercial grade unalloyed nio-bium,1.1.3 R04251-Type 3Reactor grade niobium alloy con-taining 1 % zirconium, and1.1.4 R04261-Type 4Commercial grade niobium alloycontaining 1 % zirconium.1.
4、1.5 R04220-Type 5RRR grade pure niobium.NOTE 1This grade of niobium is used in superconducting applicationsthat require the ultra high purity. Because of the high purity the product isconducive to very large grains that can adversely affect formability. It isnot recommended for other applications.1.
5、2 Except for dimensional tolerances in Table 1, the valuesstated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Thevalues given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SIunits that are provided for information only and are notconsidered standard.1.3 The following precautionary caveat per
6、tains only to thetest methods portion of this specification. This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability o
7、f regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B391 Specification for Niobium and Niobium Alloy IngotsE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE2626 Guid
8、e for Spectrometric Analysis of Reactive andRefractory Metals3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 lot, na lot shall consist of all material produced fromthe same ingot at one time, with the same cross section,processed with the same nominal metallurgical parameters
9、andheat treated at the same conditions.3.1.2 plate, na flat product 6 in. (152.4 mm) or more inwidth and greater than316 in. (4.76 mm) in thickness.3.1.3 sheet, na flat product 6 in. (152.4 mm) or more inwidth and from 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) to316 in. (4.76 mm) inthickness.3.1.4 strip, na flat product,
10、 which may be supplied in coil,less than 6 in. (152.4 mm) in width and from 0.005 in. (0.13mm) to316 in. (4.76 mm) in thickness.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for materials under this specification shall in-clude the following information as applicable:4.1.1 Type and grade (Section 1),4.1.2 ASTM
11、designation and year of issue,4.1.3 Quantity in weight, number of pieces, and dimensions,4.1.4 Chemistry (6.3),4.1.5 Temper designation (Section 8),4.1.6 Permissible overshipment (9.3),4.1.7 Quality and finish (10.3),4.1.8 Sampling (11.2),4.1.9 Inspection (Section 15),4.1.10 Required reports (Sectio
12、n 17),4.1.11 Marking (Section 18), and4.1.12 Additions to the specification and supplementaryrequirements, as required.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.03 on Niobium and
13、 Tantalum.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as B393 - 05. DOI:10.1520/B0393-09E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
14、 For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Material covered by this specificat
15、ion shall be madefrom ingots that conform to Specification B391 and that areproduced by vacuum or plasma arc melting, vacuum electron-beam melting, or a combination of these three methods.5.2 The various niobium mill products covered by thisspecification are formed with the conventional extrusion,fo
16、rging, swaging, rolling, and drawing equipment normallyavailable in metal working plants.6. Chemical Requirements6.1 The niobium and niobium alloy ingots and billets forconversion to finished products covered by this specificationshall conform to the requirements for chemical composition asprescribe
17、d in Table 2.6.2 The manufacturers ingot analysis shall be consideredthe chemical analysis for products supplied under this specifi-cation, except for end product interstitials as specified in 6.3.Alternately, an analysis of a representative sample of in processor final product from the same ingot m
18、ay be specified.6.3 When requested by the purchaser at the time of pur-chase, the manufacturer shall furnish a report certifying thevalues of the interstitial elements (C, O, N, H) on end productsas prescribed in Table 3 for each lot of material supplied. Endproduct interstitial samples must be take
19、n after all thermal andchemical processing.6.4 Guide E2626 is recommended as a guide, where appli-cable.7. Mechanical Requirements7.1 The annealed materials supplied under this specificationshall conform to the requirements for mechanical properties asspecified in Table 4.8. Temper Designations8.1 U
20、nless otherwise stated, the materials supplied underthese specifications shall be in the fully annealed condition,that is, at least 90 % recrystallized.8.2 Other temper designations, such as cold-worked temperor stress-relieved temper, can be specified as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the man
21、ufacturer at the time ofpurchase.9. Permissible Variations in Dimensions and Weight9.1 Tolerances for thickness, width, and length for flat-rolled products covered by this specification shall be asprescribed in Table 1.9.2 Flatness tolerance for sheet and plate products suppliedunder this specificat
22、ion shall be a maximum of 6 % (2 % forRRR grade sheet and strip) as determined by the followingequation (see Fig. 1):TABLE 1 Dimensional Tolerances for Niobium Flat-Rolled ProductsThickness of Material,in. (mm) in lower tableTolerance on ThicknessAplus orminus, in. (mm) in lower tableTolerance on Wi
23、dth (slit)Bplus orminus, in.(mm) in lower tableTolerance on Sheared Lengths, in. (mm)Width under 6 in.or 152.4 mmWidth6to24in.or 152.4 to609.6 mmWidth under 6 in.or 152.4 mmWidth6to24in.or 152.4 to609.6 mmLength 12 in. or 304.8 mmand underLength over 12 in. or 304.8 mmPlus Minus Plus MinusInches0.00
24、5 to 0.010 excl 0.0005 0.001 0.012 .116 0332 00.010 to 0.015 excl 0.0007 0.001 0.015 0.015116 0332 00.015 to 0.020 excl 0.0008 0.0015 0.015 0.015116 0332 00.020 to 0.030 excl 0.0015 0.0025 0.020 0.025116 0332 00.030 to 0.060 excl 0.0025 0.0035 0.025 0.030116 0332 00.060 to 0.090 excl 0.004 0.005 0.0
25、25 0.035116 0332 00.090 to 0.125 excl 0.006 0.007 . .116 0332 00.125 to 0.187 excl 0.010 0.010 . .116 0332 00.187 to 0.250 excl 0.015 0.015 . .18 0532 00.250 to 0.312 excl 0.020 0.020 . .18 0532 00.312 to 0.375 excl 0.025 0.025 . .316 0732 0Millimetres0.13 to 0.254 excl 0.013 0.025 0.30 . 1.59 0 2.3
26、8 00.254 to 0.381 excl 0.018 0.025 0.38 0.38 1.59 0 2.38 00.381 to 0.508 excl 0.020 0.038 0.38 0.38 1.59 0 2.38 00.508 to 0.762 excl 0.038 0.064 0.51 0.64 1.59 0 2.38 00.762 to 1.524 excl 0.064 0.089 0.64 0.76 1.59 0 2.38 01.524 to 2.286 excl 0.102 0.127 0.64 0.89 1.59 0 2.38 02.286 to 3.175 excl 0.
27、15 0.18 . . 1.59 0 2.38 03.175 to 4.75 excl 0.25 0.25 . . 1.59 0 2.38 04.75 to 6.35 excl 0.38 0.38 . . 3.18 0 3.97 06.35 to 7.925 excl 0.51 0.51 . . 3.18 0 3.97 07.925 to 9.52 excl 0.64 0.64 . . 4.76 0 5.56 0ATolerance on thickness of sheet over 24 in. (610 mm) wide shall be 610 % of the thickness.B
28、Tolerance on width of sheared sheet shall be 6116 in. (61.6 mm) and on sheared plate shall be 618 in. (63.2 mm) up to material thickness of 0.375 in. (9.5 mm).B393 0912Flatness, % 5 H/L! 3 100(1)where:H = maximum vertical distance between a flat referenceand the lower surface of the sheet, andL = mi
29、nimum horizontal distance between the highestpoint on a sheet and the point of contact with a flatreference surface. (Fig. 1 is included to illustrate themethod for taking measurements for calculation ofsheet flatness. However, a value of H less than132 in.(0.070 mm) shall not be cause for rejection
30、.)TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsElementType 1(ReactorGradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04200Type 2(CommercialGradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04210Type 3(ReactorGradeNiobium-1 %Zirconium)R04251Type 4(CommercialGradeNiobium-1%Zirconium)R04261Type 5(RRRSuperconductingGrade PureNiobiumR04220Max Weight % (Except Where Otherw
31、ise Specified)Each ingot:Carbon 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.0030Nitrogen 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.0030Oxygen 0.015 0.025 0.015 0.025 0.0040Hydrogen 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0005Zirconium 0.02 0.02 0.8 to 1.2(range)0.8to1.2(range)0.010Tantalum 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.1Iron 0.005 0.01 0.005 0.01 0.005Silicon 0.
32、005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005Tungsten 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.007Nickel 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.003Molybdenum 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.050AHafnium 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02ATitanium 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.005When specified:Boron 2 ppm . 2 ppm .Aluminum 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.005 0.005Beryllium 0.005 . 0.005 .Chromiu
33、m 0.002 . 0.002 .BCobalt 0.002 . 0.002 .BAThe limits shown below are for information only when the RRR ratio is greater than 260.BTotal of these metals is 0.005 %.TABLE 3 Additional Chemical Requirements for Finished Product (When Specified by Purchaser)ElementType 1(Reactor GradeUnalloyedNiobium)R0
34、4200Type 2(CommercialGradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04210Type 3(ReactorGradeNiobium1 %Zirconium)R04251Type 4(CommercialGradeNiobium1 %Zirconium)R04261Type 5(RRRSuperconductingGrade PureNiobiumR04220Max Weight %Oxygen 0.0250 0.0400 0.0250 0.0400 0.0040Carbon 0.0100 0.0150 0.0100 0.0150 0.0030Nitrogen 0.0100
35、0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0030Hydrogen 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0005TABLE 4 Mechanical PropertiesAfor Material, AnnealedCondition (90 % Minimum Recrystallized)GradeUltimate TensileStrength, min,psi (MPa)Yield Strength(0.2 % offset),min, psi (MPa)Elongation in 1-in. (25.4-mm) gage length, min, %0.0
36、10 in. orGreaterLess Than0.010 in.Types 1 and 2 18 000 (125) 10 500 (73) 20 15Types 3 and 4 28 000 (195) 18 000 (125) 20 15Type 5 (RRRgrade)B14 000 (95) 7 200 (50) 30 30ARefer to Section 14 for conditions of mechanical tests.BFor RRR grade the difference between longitudinal and transverse samplessh
37、all not exceed 20 % of the average of the two.B393 09139.3 Quantity or WeightFor orders requiring up to 100 lb(45.4 kg) of finished product, the manufacturer may overshipby 20 %. When the order is for quantities up to 1000 lb (453.6kg), the manufacturer may overship by 10 %. The permissibleovershipm
38、ent shall be negotiated for orders larger than thisquantity.10. Quality and Finish10.1 Finished niobium and niobium alloy strip, sheet, andplate shall be free of injurious internal and external imperfec-tions of a nature that will interfere with the purpose for whichit was intended. Material may be
39、finished as rolled, as cleaned,or as ground. If shipped as hot-worked, cold-worked, cleaned,or ground, the manufacturer shall be permitted to removeminor surface imperfections, if such removal does not reducethe dimensions below the minimum permitted by the tolerancesspecified in Table 1.10.2 The fi
40、nished strip, sheet, or plate shall be visibly free ofoxide, grease, oil, residual lubricants, and other extraneousmaterials.10.3 Methods of testing for these defects and standards ofacceptability shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturerand the purchaser.11. Sampling11.1 Samples for chemical
41、 and mechanical testing shall betaken from the finished material after all metallurgical process-ing to determine conformity to this specification. The samplesmay be taken prior to final inspection and minor surfaceconditioning by abrasion and pickling shall be representative ofthe finished product.
42、11.2 Care shall be exercised to ensure that the sampleselected for testing is representative of the material and that itis not contaminated by the sampling procedure. If there is anyquestion relating to the sampling technique or the analysisthereof, the methods of sampling and analysis shall be asag
43、reed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.12. Number of Tests and Retests12.1 Aminimum of one sample from each lot of strip, sheet,or plate shall be tested for tensile properties. For RRR grade,two samples from each lot, one longitudinal and one trans-verse, shall be tested for tensile pr
44、operties.12.2 If end-product chemical tests are required (6.3), onechemical test shall be made from each lot of finished product.12.3 RetestsIf any sample or specimen exhibits obvioussurface contamination or improper preparation, disqualifying itas a truly representative sample, it shall be discarde
45、d and a newsample or specimen substituted.12.3.1 In case of a failure, retest two additional specimens.If both retest specimens conform to this specification, discardthe original values and consider the material acceptable;otherwise, the lot shall be rejected or reworked and tested.12.4 ReworkIf the
46、 results of the final sheet, strip, or plateinspections are not in conformance with the requirements ofthis specification, the lot may be reworked at the option of themanufacturer. The lot shall be acceptable if the results of alltests, after reworking, conform to this specification.13. Significance
47、 of Numerical Limits13.1 For the purposes of determining compliance with thespecified limits for requirements of the properties listed in thisspecification, an observed value or a calculated value shall berounded as indicated in accordance with the rounding methodof Practice E29.14. Test Methods14.1
48、 Tension Test Conduct tension tests in accordancewith Test Methods E8. Determine the yield strength by the0.2 % offset method. Small size, 1-in. (25.4-mm) gage lengthspecimens proportional to the standard specimen can be used.Determine tensile properties using a strain rate of 0.003 to0.007 in./in./
49、min (mm/mm/min) through the yield point. AfterH=maximum distance between flat surface and lower surface of sheet.L=minimum distance between highest point on sheet and point of contact with flat surface.Flatness, percent = (H/L) x 100FIG. 1 Plate and Sheet Flatness TolerancesB393 0914the yield strength has been exceeded, increase the cross-headspeed to approximately 0.02 to 0.05 in./in./min (mm/mm/min)to failure.15. Inspection15.1 If so specified on the purchase order, the purchaser orhis representative may witness the testing and
