1、Designation: B394 091Standard Specification forNiobium and Niobium Alloy Seamless and Welded Tubes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B394; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial corrections were made throughout in January 2010.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers wrought niobium and niobiumalloy seamless
3、and welded tubes as follows:1.1.1 R04200-Type 1Reactor grade unalloyed niobium,1.1.2 R04210-Type 2Commercial grade unalloyed nio-bium,1.1.3 R04251-Type 3Reactor grade niobium alloy con-taining 1 % zirconium, and1.1.4 R04261-Type 4Commercial grade niobium alloycontaining 1 % zirconium.1.2 The values
4、stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion of this specificatio
5、n. This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documen
6、ts2.1 ASTM Standards:2B391 Specification for Niobium and Niobium Alloy IngotsE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE2626 Guide for Spectrometric Analysis of Reactive andRefractory Met
7、als3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 lot, na lot shall consist of all material produced fromthe same ingot at one time, with the same cross section,processed with the same nominal metallurgical parameters andheat treated at the same conditions.4. Ordering Informa
8、tion4.1 Orders for materials under this specification shall in-clude the following information as applicable:4.1.1 Type and grade (Section 1),4.1.2 ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.3 Welding (Section 5),4.1.4 Quantity in weight, number of pieces, and dimensions,4.1.5 Chemistry (6.3),4.1.6 Temp
9、er designation (Section 8),4.1.7 Permissible variations in length and quantity or weight(9.2, 9.4, and Table 1B),4.1.8 Quality and finish (10.4),4.1.9 Sampling (11.2),4.1.10 Hydrostatic or pneumatic test (14.2),4.1.11 Inspection (Section 15),4.1.12 Required reports (Section 17), and4.1.13 Additions
10、to the specification and supplementaryrequirements, as required.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Material covered by this specification shall be madefrom ingots that conform to Specification B391 and that areproduced by vacuum or plasma arc melting, vacuum electron-beam melting, or a combination of t
11、hese three methods.5.2 Seamless tubes may be made by any seamless methodthat will yield a product meeting the requirements of thisspecification, such as, but not limited to, extrusion of billetswith subsequent cold working by drawing, swaging, or pilger-ing, with intermediate anneals, until the fina
12、l dimensions arereached.5.3 Welded tubing shall be made from flat-rolled productsby an automatic or semiautomatic welding process with noaddition of filler metal in the welding operation. Other methodsof welding, such as the addition of filler metal or hand welding,may be employed if approved by the
13、 purchaser and tested bymethods agreed upon between the manufacturer and the1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.03 on Niobium and Tantalum.Current edition approved Oct. 1,
14、2009. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as B394 - 03. DOI:10.1520/B0394-09E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume in
15、formation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.purchaser. The manufacturer must use proper precautions toprevent contamination during welding.6. Chemical Req
16、uirements6.1 The niobium and niobium alloy ingots and billets forconversion to finished products covered by this specificationshall conform to the requirements for chemical composition asprescribed in Table 2.6.2 The manufacturers ingot analysis shall be consideredthe chemical analysis for products
17、supplied under this specifi-cation, except for interstitials as specified in 6.3.Alternately, ananalysis of a representative sample of in process or finalproduct from the same ingot may be substituted.6.3 When requested by the purchaser at the time of pur-chase, the manufacturer shall furnish a repo
18、rt certifying thevalues of the interstitial elements (C, O, N, H) on end productas prescribed in Table 3 for each lot of material supplied. Endproduct interstitial samples must be taken after all thermal andchemical processing.6.4 Guide E2626 is recommended as a guide, where appli-cable.7. Mechanica
19、l Requirements7.1 The annealed materials supplied under this specificationshall conform to the requirements for mechanical properties asspecified in Table 4.8. Temper Designations8.1 Unless otherwise stated, the materials supplied underthese specifications shall be in the fully annealed condition,th
20、at is, at least 90 % recrystallized.8.2 Other temper designations, such as cold-worked temperor stress-relieved temper, can be specified as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the manufacturer at the time ofpurchase.TABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Diameter and Wall ThicknessMeasured at any Locati
21、onANominal Outside Diameter,in. (mm)BVariation inOutsideDiameter,Over andUnder, in.(mm)BVariation inInsideDiameter,Over andUnder, in.(mm)CVariation inWall Thickness,Over andUnder, %C,D0.187 to 0.625 (4.7 to 15.9), excl 0.004 (0.010) 0.004 (0.010) 100.625 to 1.000 (15.9 to 25.4), excl 0.005 (0.13) 0.
22、005 (0.13) 101.000 to 2.000 (25.4 to 50.8), excl 0.0075 (0.19) 0.0075 (0.19) 102.000 to 3.000 (50.8 to 76.2), excl 0.010 (0.25) 0.010 (0.25) 103.000 to 4.000 (76.2 to 101.6), excl 0.0125 (0.32) 0.0125 (0.32) 10AThese tolerances are applicable to only two dimensions, such as outsidediameter and wall,
23、 or inside diameter and wall, or outside diameter and insidediameter.BFor applicable tolerances for very small tubes, less than 0.187 in. (4.9 mm) inoutside diameter, or very thin wall tubes, less than 0.010 in. (0.25 mm), theproducer should be consulted.CWhen tubes as ordered require wall thickness
24、es34 in. (19.05 mm) or over, oran inside diameter 60 % or less of the outside diameter, a wider variation in wallthickness is required. On such sizes, a variation in wall thickness of 12.5 % overand under will be permitted.DOvality measured at any cross section: For tubes with nominal wall thickness
25、less than 3 % of the nominal outside diameter, the ovality tolerance is double thetolerance shown in the second and third columns.TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsElementType 1(ReactorGradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04200Type 2(CommercialGradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04210Type 3(Reactor GradeNiobium1 %Zirconium)R04251T
26、ype 4(CommercialGradeNiobium1 %Zirconium)R04261Max Weight % (Except Where Otherwise Specified)Each ingot:Carbon 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01Nitrogen 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01Oxygen 0.015 0.025 0.015 0.025Hydrogen 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015Zirconium 0.02 0.02 0.8 to 1.2(range)0.8to1.2(range)Tantalum 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.
27、5Iron 0.005 0.01 0.005 0.01Silicon 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005Tungsten 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05Nickel 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005Molybdenum 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.050Hafnium 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02Titanium 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03When specified:Boron 2 ppm . 2 ppm .Aluminum 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.005Beryllium 0.005 . 0.005 .Ch
28、romium 0.002 . 0.002 .Cobalt 0.002 . 0.002 .TABLE 3 Additional Chemical Requirements for FinishedProduct (When Specified by Purchaser)ElementType 1(Reactor GradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04200Type 2(CommercialGradeUnalloyedNiobium)R04210Type 3(Reactor GradeNiobium1 %Zirconium)R04251Type 4(CommercialGradeNio
29、bium1 %Zirconium)R04261Max Weight %Oxygen 0.0250 0.0400 0.0250 0.0400Carbon 0.0100 0.0150 0.0100 0.0150Nitrogen 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100Hydrogen 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015B394 09129. Permissible Variations in Dimensions and Weight9.1 Diameter and Wall ThicknessThe permissible varia-tions in diam
30、eter and wall thickness of the tubes shall notexceed those prescribed in Table 1.9.2 LengthWhen tube is ordered cut to length, the useablelength shall not be less than that specified, but a variation of+18 in. (3.18 mm) will be permitted for lengths up to 6 ft (1.8m). For lengths over 6 ft, a variat
31、ion of +14 in. (6.4 mm) willbe permitted, unless otherwise specified at the time of pur-chase.9.3 StraightnessThe tube shall be free of bends or kinks,and the maximum bow shall not exceed values shown in Table5.9.4 Quantity or WeightFor orders requiring up to 100 ft(30.5 m) of finished tubing, the m
32、anufacturer may overship by20 %. When the order is for quantities up to 1000 ft (305 m) or1000 lb (453.6 kg), the manufacturer may overship by 10 %.The permissible overshipment shall be negotiated for orderslarger than this quantity.10. Quality and Finish10.1 Finished niobium and niobium alloy tubes
33、 shall be freeof injurious internal and external imperfections of a nature thatwill interfere with the purpose for which it was intended.10.2 The finished tubes shall be visibly free of oxide,grease, oil, residual lubricants, and other extraneous materials.10.3 The finished tubes shall be free of cr
34、acks, seams,slivers, burrs, blisters, and other injurious imperfections ex-ceeding 10 % of the nominal wall thickness.10.4 Methods of testing for these defects and standards ofacceptability shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturerand the purchaser.11. Sampling11.1 Samples for chemical and me
35、chanical testing shall betaken from the finished material after all metallurgical process-ing to determine conformity to this specification. The samplesmay be taken prior to final inspection and minor surfaceconditioning by abrasion and pickling, and shall be represen-tative of the finished product.
36、11.2 Care shall be exercised to ensure that the sampleselected for testing is representative of the material and that itis not contaminated by the sampling procedure. If there is anyquestion relating to the sampling technique or the analysisthereof, the methods of sampling and analysis shall be asag
37、reed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.12. Number of Tests and Retests12.1 Two samples from each lot of tubes shall be tested forflare and tensile properties in the longitudinal direction.12.2 When hydrostatic or pneumatic testing is required, alltubes in the lot shall be tested.12.3 I
38、f end-product chemical tests are required (6.3), onechemical test shall be made from each lot of finished product.12.4 RetestsIf any sample or specimen exhibits obvioussurface contamination or improper preparation, disqualifying itas a truly representative sample, it shall be discarded and a newsamp
39、le or specimen substituted.12.4.1 In case of a failure, retest two additional specimens.If both retest specimens conform to this specification, discardthe original values and consider the material acceptable;otherwise, the lot shall be rejected or reworked and tested.12.5 If the results of the final
40、 tube inspections are not inconformance with the requirements of this specification, the lotmay be reworked at the option of the manufacturer. The lotshall be acceptable if results of all tests, after reworking,conform to this specification.13. Significance of Numerical Limits13.1 For the purposes o
41、f determining compliance with thespecified limits for requirements of the properties listed in thisspecification, an observed value or a calculated value shall berounded as indicated in accordance with the rounding methodof Practice E29.14. Test Methods14.1 Tension TestConduct tension tests in accor
42、dancewith Test Methods E8. Determine the yield strength by the0.2 % offset method. Small size, 1-in. (25.4-mm) gage lengthspecimens proportional to the standard specimen can be used.Determine tensile properties using a strain rate of 0.003 to0.007 in./in./min (mm/mm/min) through the yield point. Aft
43、erthe yield strength has been exceeded, increase the cross-headspeed to approximately 0.05 in./in./min (mm/mm/min) tofailure.14.2 Hydrostatic and Pneumatic TestThese tests are op-tional. Should the purchaser require either or both of these testson finished tubular product, the requirement must be ag
44、reedupon at the time of purchase. The cost of this special provisionwill be negotiated between the purchaser and the manufacturerat the time of purchase. The procedure for the hydrostatic testis outlined in 14.2.1, and the procedure for the pneumatic testis outlined in 14.2.2. If both tests are spec
45、ified by thepurchaser, the hydrostatic test will be done first.TABLE 4 Mechanical Properties for Material, Annealed Condition(90 % Minimum Recrystallized)GradeUltimateTensileStrength, min,psi (MPa)Yield Strength(0.2 % offset),min,psi (MPa)Elongation in1-in. (25-mm)gage length,min, %Type1welded18 000
46、 (125) 10 500 (73) 25Type1seamless18 000 (125) 8500 (59) 25Type2welded18 000 (125) 10 500 (73) 25Type2seamless18 000 (125) 8500 (59) 25Type 3 28 000 (195) 18 000 (125) 20Type 4 28 000 (195) 18 000 (125) 20TABLE 5 StraightnessLength, ft (m) Maximum Curvature Depth of ArcOver 3 to 6 (0.91 to 1.83), in
47、cl18 in. (3.2 mm)Over 6 to 8 (1.83 to 2.44), incl316 in. (4.8 mm)Over 8 to 10 (2.44 to 3.05), incl14 in. (6.4 mm)Over 10 (3.05)14 in./any 10 ft (2.1 mm/m)B394 091314.2.1 Hydrostatic TestEach tube so tested shall with-stand without showing bulges, leaks, or other defects, aninternal hydrostatic press
48、ure that will produce in the tube walla stress of 75 % of the minimum specified yield strength atroom temperature. This pressure shall be determined by thefollowing equation:P 5 2St/D(1)where:P = minimum hydrostatic pressure, psi (or MPa),S = allowable fiber stress of 75 % of the minimum yieldstreng
49、th, psi (or MPa),t = average wall thickness of the tube, in. (or mm), andD = outside diameter of the tube, in. (or mm).Maintain the test pressure for at least 10 s.14.2.2 Pneumatic TestEach tube so tested shall withstandan internal air pressure of 100 psi (.7 MPa) minimum for aminimum of 5 s without showing evidence of leakage. The testmethod used, for example, placing the tube under water orusing the pressure differential method, shall permit easy visualdetection of any leakage. Any evidence of leakage shall because for rejection of that tube.14.3
