1、Designation: B48 00 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Specification forSoft Rectangular and Square Bare Copper Wire forElectrical Conductors1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B48; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers soft or annealed bare copperwire, rectangular or square in shape with rou
3、nded corners(Explanatory Note 1).1.2 For the purpose of this specification, the wire is classi-fied as follows:1.2.1 Type AFor all applications except those involvingedgewise bending.1.2.2 Type BFor applications involving edgewise bending.Type B wire of thickness less than 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) or wit
4、ha ratio of width to thickness greater than 30 to 1 is notcontemplated in this specification.1.3 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, Type Amaterial shall be furnished.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalcon
5、versions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard; except for Sections 12 and 13.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B49 Specification for Copper Rod for Electrical PurposesB193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical ConductorMaterialsB279 Test Meth
6、od for Stiffness of Bare Soft Square andRectangular Copper andAluminum Wire for Magnet WireFabricationE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-terialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Other Documents:NBS Handbook 100 C
7、opper Wire Tables33. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include thefollowing information:3.1.1 Quantity of each size;3.1.2 Type of wire (see 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3);3.1.3 Wire size: thickness and width, in inches or millime-tres (see 6.1);3.1.4 Type of copper, if spec
8、ial (see Section 4);3.1.5 Package size (see 16.1);3.1.6 Special package marking, if required; and3.1.7 Place of inspection. (see Section 15).4. Material4.1 The material shall be copper of such quality and puritythat the finished product shall have the properties and charac-teristics prescribed in th
9、is specification.4.2 Specification B49 defines the materials suitable for use.5. Manufacture5.1 The wire shall be annealed after the last drawing orrolling to size and shape, and shall be so processed as toproduce a uniformly soft product with a clean surface.5.2 The finished wire shall not contain
10、joints except such ashave passed through drawing dies. Necessary joints in the wireand rods prior to final drawing shall be made in accordancewith good commercial practice.6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations6.1 The dimensions shall be expressed in decimal fractionsof an inch or in millimetres.
11、Unless otherwise specified, it willbe assumed that the dimensions are in inches. (ExplanatoryNote 6, Explanatory Note 7, and Explanatory Note 8.)6.2 The thickness shall not vary from that specified by morethan the amounts prescribed in Table 1.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Co
12、mmittee B01 onElectrical Conductorsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B01.04 onConductors of Copper and Copper Alloys.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as B48 00 (2011). DOI:10.1520/B0048-00
13、R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Institute of Standards and Techn
14、ology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.3 The width shall not vary from that specified by morethan the amounts prescribed in Table 2.6.4
15、 The wire shall have rounded corners or rounded edgesas specified in Table 3 and as shown in Fig. 1. Where roundedcorners are required, the corners of the wire shall be roundedwithin the limits of radii, 25 % under and 25 % over (asdetermined by a radius gage) those radii values specified inTable 3.
16、6.5 From each shipping unit, approximately 12 ft (3.66 m)shall be unwound and the wire gaged at six places betweenpoints 12 in. (30.5 cm) and 12 ft (3.66 m) from the end. Theshipping unit shall be rejected if the average of the measure-ments obtained is not within the limits specified in 6.2 and 6.3
17、.7. Physical Requirements7.1 Elongation:7.1.1 Type A wire shall conform to the requirements forelongation given in Table 4.7.1.2 For Type B wire elongation tests shall not be required.7.1.3 Elongation tests shall be made in accordance with TestMethods E8/E8M on representative samples. The elongation
18、shall be determined as the permanent increase in length, due tothe breaking of the wire in tension, measured between gagemarks placed originally 10 in. (250 mm) apart upon the testspecimen (Explanatory Note 2). The fracture shall be inbetween gage marks and not closer than 1 in. (25 mm) to eithergag
19、e mark.7.2 Bending:7.2.1 Both edges of Type B wire shall withstand bendingedgewise through 180 around the mandrel indicated withoutcracking. The mandrel shall be one of the sizes shown in Table5 and shall be the size that is equal to or next larger than thefigure obtained by multiplying the width of
20、 the wire by thefactor in Table 6, corresponding to the ratio of the width to thethickness of the wire. In cases where the mandrel diameterdesired is less than 0.156 in. (3.96 mm) or the thickness is lessthan 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) or the ratio of the width to thicknessof the wire is greater than 30 to
21、 1, the scope of Type B wire isexceeded and the edgewise bending properties shall be asagreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer(Explanatory Note 3 and Explanatory Note 4).7.2.2 For Type A wire the bend test shall not be required.7.3 Low Stress Elongation (LSE):7.3.1 Types A and B wire
22、shall have a minimum LSE valueof 1 % determined in accordance with Test Method B279.(Explanatory Note 5).7.4 Retests:7.4.1 If upon testing a sample from any coil or reel of wire,the results do not conform to the respective requirements of7.1, 7.2, and 7.3, two additional samples shall be tested, eac
23、hof which shall conform to the prescribed requirements.8. Standard Reference Temperature8.1 For the purpose of this specification, all wire dimensionsand properties shall be considered as occurring at the interna-tionally standardized reference temperature of 20C.9. Standard Rules for Rounding Off9.
24、1 All calculations for the standard nominal dimensionsand properties of rectangular and square wires shall be roundedoff in the final value only, in accordance with the rounding-offmethod of Practice E29.10. Nominal Cross-Sectional Areas10.1 Nominal cross-sectional areas in square mils or squaremill
25、imetres shall be calculated by subtracting the area reduc-tions due to rounded corners or rounded edges (see Table 7 andTable 8) from the product of the specified nominal thicknessand width dimensions in mils (0.001 in.) or millimetres asapplicable. Values so derived shall be rounded off in accor-da
26、nce with Section 9 to the same number of significant figuresTABLE 1 Variation in ThicknessSpecified ThicknessWidthOver 1,000in. (25.4 mm)1.000 in. (25.4 mm)to 0.492 in. (12.5 mm)Under0.492 in. (12.5 mm)in. mmPermissible Variation in Thickness, max, plus and minusin % mm in. % mm in. % mm0.501 and ov
27、er 12.73 and over . 1 . . 1 . . . .under to, incl under to, incl0.501 0.280 12.73 7.11 . 1 . . 1 . 0.003 . 0.0760.280 0.201 7.11 5.11 0.003 . 0.08 . 1 . . 1 .0.201 0.098 5.11 2.49 0.0025 . 0.064 . 1 . . 1 .0.098 0.051 2.49 1.30 0.002 . 0.051 0.001 . 0.03 0.001 . 0.030.051 . 1.30 . 0.0015 . 0.038 0.0
28、01 . 0.03 0.001 . 0.03TABLE 2 Variation in WidthSpecified WidthPermissible Variation in Width,max, plus and minusin. mm0.492 and over 12.5 and over 1 % but not to exceed 0.016 in. (0.406 mm)Under 0.492 to 0.315, incl under 12.5 to 8.00, incl 0.003 in. (0.076 mm)Under 0.315 to 0.098, incl under 8.00
29、to 2.49, incl 1 %Under 0.098 under 2.49 0.001 in. (0.025 mm)B48 00 (2016)2as used in expressing the nominal dimensions, but in no case toless than three significant figures.11. Nominal Mass/Unit Length and Length11.1 Nominal mass/unit length and lengths shall be calcu-lated from the nominal wire dim
30、ensions in accordance with thefollowing equations and shall be rounded off in the final valueonly, in accordance with Section 9, to the same number ofsignificant figures as used in expressing the nominaldimensions, but in no case to less than three significant figures:Mass/Unit Length, lb/1000 ft 5
31、3.8540 3 A 31023kg/km 5 8.89 3 A1Length, ft/lb 5 2.5947 3105!/ATABLE 3 Requirements for Rounded Corners and Rounded EdgesSpecified Thickness Corner Radius for Specified Widthin. mmin. mm in. mm in. mm0.748andover19.0andoverunder0.748 to0.187,inclunder19.0 to4.75,inclunder0.187under4.750.689 and over
32、 17.50 and over 0.188 4.78 0.188 4.78 . .under to, incl under to, incl0.689 0.439 17.50 11.15 0.125 3.18 0.094 2.39 . .0.439 0.280 11.15 7.10 0.094 2.39 0.039 1.00 . .0.280 0.177 7.10 4.50 0.063 1.60 0.039 1.00 0.039 1.000.177 0.124 4.50 3.15 0.063 1.60 0.03 0.80 0.03 0.800.124 0.098 3.15 2.15 round
33、ed edgeA0.03B0.80B0.026 0.670.098C0.063 2.15C1.60 rounded edgeA0.03B0.80B0.020 0.500.063D. 1.60D. rounded edgeAfull rounded edgeEfull rounded edgeEAA rounded edge is an edge produced by (1) rolling wire to the size specified either with or without edging rolls or (2) drawing through a die (see Fig.
34、1).BRectangular wire with a thickness under 0.124 in. (3.15 mm) to 0.063 in. (1.60 mm) and a width under 0.751 in. (19.08 mm) to 0.189 in. (4.80 mm) may be manufacturedwith the corner radius specified for the same thickness and a width under 0.189 in. (4.80 mm).CSquare wire 0.072 in. (1.83 mm) and u
35、nder shall have a corner radius of 0.016 in. (0.41 mm) 25 %.DRectangular wire with a thickness under 0.063 in. (1.60 mm) to 0.03 in. (0.80 mm) may be manufactured with a corner radius of 0.016 in. (0.41 mm) 25 %.EExcept as permitted by Footnote B, rectangular wire less than 0.751 in. (19.08 mm) wide
36、 with full rounded edge shall have a radius half the thickness of the wire, 25 %.NOTE 1The arc is not necessarily tangent to the flats at points A. However, the wire shall be commercially free of sharp, rough, or projecting edges.FIG. 1 Sections of Wire with Rounded Edges and Rounded CornersTABLE 4
37、Requirements for ElongationSpecified Thickness Elongation in 10in. (250 mm);min, %in. mm0.290 and over 7.37 and over 35Under 0.290 to 0.051, incl under 7.37 to 1.30, incl 32Under 0.051 to 0.021, incl under 1.30 to 0.53, incl 32Under 0.021 to 0.011, incl under 0.53 to 0.28, incl 25Under 0.011 under 0
38、.28 20TABLE 5 Standard Mandrel Sizes for Edgewise Bend TestMandrel Diametersin. mm in. mm0.156 3.96 0.625 15.90.188 4.78 0.750 19.00.220 5.59 0.875 22.20.250 6.35 1.000 25.40.312 7.98 1.250 31.80.375 9.52 1.500 38.10.438 11.1 1.750 44.40.500 12.7 2.000A50.8AThe maximum mandrel diameter of 2 in. (50.
39、8 mm) is based on the suggestedmaximum width of strap, made from round copper wire, of 1.250 in. (31.8 mm),established by the Copper Development Association.TABLE 6 Factor for Determining Mandrel Size for Edgewise BendTestWidth to Thickness RatioMultiplying Factorto DetermineMandrel Size30 to 20, in
40、cl 1.50Under 20 to 10, incl 1.25Under 10 to 5, incl 1.00Under 5 to 2.5, incl 0.75Under 2.5 0.50B48 00 (2016)3m/kg 5 112.486/A1where:A = nominal cross-sectional area in square mils, obtained inaccordance with Section 10, andA1= nominal cross-sectional area in square millimetresobtained in accordance
41、with Section 10.12. Resistivity12.1 Electrical resistivity shall be determined on represen-tative samples by resistance measurements (Explanatory Note9). At a temperature of 20C, the resistivity shall not exceed0.017241 mm2/m.12.2 Tests to determine conformance to electrical resistancerequirements s
42、hall be made on the uninsulated conductor inaccordance with Test Method B193.12.3 Nominal resistances and other values derived from theresistivity units shall be calculated from the nominal wiredimensions in accordance with the following equations and allvalues so derived shall be rounded off in the
43、 final value only,in accordance with Section 9, to the same number of significantfigures as used in expressing the nominal dimensions, but in nocase to less than three significant figures:dc resistance at 20C, /1000 ft 5 8.1458 3103!/Adc resistance at 20C, /km 5 17.241/A1TABLE 7 Areas of Square Copp
44、er WireNominal SizeCalculated Area ofPerfectSquareNominal CornerRadiusCalculated DepartureANominal Area Nominal Area Working Valuein. mm mil2mm2in. mm mils2mm2mils2mm2mils2mm212345678 910 1 120.0508 1.290 2580.64 1.66493 0.016 0.41 219.75 0.14177 2360.89 1.52315 2.36 1031.520.0571 1.450 3260.41 2.10
45、349 0.016 0.41 219.75 0.14177 3040.66 1.96171 3.04 1.960.0641 1.628 4108.81 2.65038 0.016 0.41 219.75 0.14177 3889.06 2.50907 3.89 2.510.0720 1.829 5184.00 3.34451 0.016 0.41 219.75 0.14177 4964.25 3.20274 4.96 3.200.0808 2.052 6528.64 4.21202 0.020 0.51 343.36 0.22151 6185.28 3.99050 6.19 3.990.090
46、7 2.304 8226.49 5.30740 0.020 0.51 343.36 0.22151 7883.13 5.08588 7.88 5.090.1019 2.588 10383.61 6.69909 0.026 0.66 580.28 0.37437 9803.33 6.32472 9.80 6.320.1144 2.906 13087.36 8.44344 0.026 0.66 580.28 0.37437 12507.08 8.06907 12.51 8.070.1285 3.264 16512.25 10.65304 0.032 0.81 879.00 0.56710 1563
47、3.25 10.08595 15.63 10.090.1443 3.665 20822.49 13.43384 0.032 0.81 879.00 0.56710 19943.49 12.86674 19.94 12.870.1620 4.115 26244.00 16.93158 0.032 0.81 879.00 0.56710 25365.00 16.36448 25.36 16.360.1819 4.620 33087.61 21.34680 0.040 1.02 1373.44 0.88609 31714.17 20.46071 31.71 20.460.2043 5.189 417
48、38.49 26.92800 0.040 1.02 1373.44 0.88609 40365.05 26.04192 40.37 26.040.2294 5.827 52624.36 33.95113 0.040 1.02 1373.44 0.88609 51250.92 33.06504 51.25 33.070.2576 6.543 66357.76 42.81137 0.040 1.02 1373.44 0.88609 64984.32 41.92528 64.98 41.930.2893 7.348 83694.49 53.99634 0.040 1.02 1373.44 0.886
49、09 82321.05 53.11025 82.32 53.110.3249 8.252 105560.01 68.10310 0.040 1.02 1373.44 0.88609 104186.57 67.21701 104.2 67.220.3648 9.266 133097.04 85.86889 0.040 1.02 1373.44 0.88609 131723.60 84.98280 131.7 84.980.4096 10.404 167772.16 108.23989 0.040 1.02 1373.44 0.88609 166398.72 107.35380 166.4 107.40.4600 11.684 211600.00 136.51586 0.094 2.39 7584.82 4.89342 204015.18 131.62243 204.0 131.6AThe reduction in area due to rounding the corners.TABLE 8 Calculated Reduction in Area Due to Rounding of Corners of Rectangular WireSpecified ThicknessSpecified Widthin.
