1、Designation: B 494/B 494M 08Standard Specification forPrimary Zirconium1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 494/B 494M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent
2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers two grades of zirconium metalcommonly designated as sponge or chunklets, but may alsotake other forms. This specification do
3、es not include crystal barzirconium. This sponge is used in non-nuclear applications.1.2 Unless a single unit is used, for example corrosion massgain in mg/dm2, the values stated in either inch-pound or SIunits are to be regarded separately as standard. The valuesstated in each system are not exact
4、equivalents; therefore eachsystem must be used independently of the other. SI valuescannot be mixed with inch-pound values.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portions of this specification. This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if an
5、y,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data
6、toDetermine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Forms:3.1.1 sponge, nzirconium metal produced from the reduc-tion of the chloride, usually by magnesium.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe process is one where the metalcondenses to the solid state and does not melt.3.1.2 chunklets, nzirconium metal pr
7、oduced from thereduction of the chloride, usually by sodium.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn this process, the reduced metal ismelted and dripped onto a rotating disk to form chunklets.3.2 Lota lot shall consist of a single blend produced atone time.4. Classification4.1 Primary zirconium is furnished in two gra
8、des:4.1.1 Grade R60702Unalloyed zirconium.4.1.2 Grade R60703Unalloyed zirconium for metallurgi-cal alloying.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information, when applicable:5.1.1 Quantity (weight),5.1.2 Name of material (zirconium sponge
9、 or chunklet),5.1.3 Grade number (see 4.1),5.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue,5.1.5 Check analysis (see 7.2),5.1.6 Sampling of small blends (see 8.1.1),5.1.7 Inspection (see 11.1),5.1.8 Product marking (Section 15),5.1.9 Packaging (Section 16),5.1.10 Oxygen limits, when needed (Table 1), and5.
10、1.11 Additions to the specification as required.NOTE 1Atypical ordering description is as follows: 3000 lb 2000 kgzirconium sponge, ASTM B 494/B 494M - 01, Grade R60703.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Zirconium metal is usually prepared by reduction ofzirconium tetrachloride, and it gets its physica
11、l characteristicsfrom the processes involved in production. These characteris-tics may be expected to vary greatly with manufacturingmethods. This specification, however, is not limited to metalprepared by reduction of tetrachloride or to material of anyspecific physical form.6.2 Only virgin zirconi
12、um metal, in identified, uniform,well-mixed blends, shall be supplied under this specification.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and
13、Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.02 on Zirconium and Hafnium.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as B 494/B 494M - 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the
14、 ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, U
15、nited States.7.2 The purchaser may perform a check analysis for anyelements listed in Table 1. The sampling and testing require-ments shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser andsupplier.7.2.1 The manufacturers analysis shall be considered asverified if the check analysis confirms the manufactu
16、rersreported values within the tolerances prescribed in Table 2.Practice E29shall be used to establish significant digits.8. Sampling8.1 Sampling for Chemical Analysis:8.1.1 The following method shall be used for blends of 3000lb 1362 kg or more. Smaller blends shall be sampled asagreed upon between
17、 the manufacturer and the purchaser.8.1.2 The method shall produce a representative sampleamounting to a minimum of 1 % of the quantity sampled. Thesample shall be prepared by running the full quantity througha proportioner or splitter so arranged as to give the requiredamount of sample material. A
18、minimum of 30 lb 14 kg of thissample shall be taken to prepare the evaluation ingot describedin 10.1.8.1.3 If analytical samples are required for the determina-tion of magnesium or sodium and chloride, they must be takenfrom the primary zirconium metal since these constituents arevolatilized in melt
19、ing.8.1.4 Analytical samples for the determination of impuritiesother than magnesium or sodium and chloride shall be takenfrom the evaluation ingot (Sections 8 and 10).9. Number of Tests and Retests9.1 Number of Tests:9.1.1 A minimum of three chemical tests shall be performedon the evaluation ingot.
20、9.1.2 At least one sample shall be analyzed fro magnesiumor sodium and chloride.9.2 Retests:9.2.1 If any sample or specimen exhibits obvious surfacecontamination or improper preparation disqualifying it as atruly representative sample, it shall be discarded and a newsample or specimen substituted.9.
21、2.2 If the results of any tests of any lot do not conform tothe requirements specified, retests shall be made on additionalsamples of double the original number from the same lot. Eachof the retest values shall conform to the requirements specified.10. Specimen Preparation10.1 The sample for chemica
22、l analysis of impurities otherthan magnesium or sodium and chloride shall be obtained inaccordance with 8.1.2 and shall be compacted into consumableelectrodes, then melted to ingot form in an arc furnace of a typeconventionally used for reactive metals. The ingot shall beprepared for analysis by eit
23、her of the following two methods:10.1.1 A longitudinal section shall be taken from the centerof the ingot. The longitudinal section shall be analyzed onsamples taken from the longitudinal section at approximatelyequal intervals, as prescribed in 9.1.1.10.1.2 Samples for chemical tests shall be taken
24、 from solidmetal below the surface porosity of the as-cast ingot. Thesamples shall be taken from a minimum of three equally spacedlocations along the axial length of the ingot, as prescribed in9.1.1.10.2 The sample for chemical analysis of magnesium orsodium and chloride shall be taken from a sample
25、 split from theblended lot. Care needs to be taken to assure the sampleaccurately represents the lot.11. Inspection11.1 The manufacturer shall inspect the material covered bythis specification prior to shipment. If so specified in thepurchase order, the purchaser or his representative may witnessthe
26、 testing and inspection of the material at the place ofmanufacture. In such cases the purchaser shall state in hispurchase order which tests he desires to witness. The manu-facturer shall give ample notice to the purchaser as to the timeand place of the designated tests. If the purchasers represen-t
27、ative does not present himself at the time agreed upon for thetesting, the manufacturer shall consider the requirement forpurchasers inspection at place of manufacture to be waived.11.2 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector represent-ing the purchaser, without charge, all reasonable facilities
28、 tosatisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordancewith this specification. This inspection shall be so conducted asnot to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may
29、 be rejected. Rejection shall be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.13. Certification13.1 A producers or suppliers certification shall be fur-nished to the purchas
30、er that the material was manufactured,TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElementComposition, %Grade R60702 Grade R60703Zirconium + hafnium 99.2 min 98.0 minHafnium 4.5 max 4.5 maxIron + chromium 0.2 max .Hydrogen 0.005 max .Nitrogen 0.025 max .Carbon 0.05 max .OxygenAAALimits as specified by the purchaser
31、.TABLE 2 Permissible Variation in Check Analysis BetweenDifferent LaboratoriesElementPermissible Variation inCheck Analysis, %Hydrogen 0.005Nitrogen 0.01Carbon 0.02Hafnium 0.1Iron + chromium 0.03Oxygen 0.02B 494/B 494M 082sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with this speci-fication and has
32、been found to meet the requirements. A reportof the test results shall be furnished.14. Referee14.1 In the event of disagreement between the manufacturerand the purchaser on the conformance of the material to therequirements of this specification or any special test specifiedby the purchaser, a mutu
33、ally acceptable referee shall performthe tests in question. The results of the referees testing shall beused in determining conformance of the material to thisspecification.15. Product Marking15.1 The containers shall be marked legibly and perma-nently per the agreement between the manufacturer and
34、thepurchaser.16. Packaging16.1 The method of packaging shall be as agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and the purchaser and must beacceptable by any common carrier. Packaging methods musttake due recognition of the pyrophoric nature of finely dividedzirconium.17. Keywords17.1 primary zirconium meta
35、l; zirconium chunklets; zirco-nium spongeASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and th
36、e riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision o
37、f this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
38、make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).B 494/B 494M 083
